Fall, 2015

Objective #1

You will learn that science is about investigating and understanding the world around you.

True-False Continuum

In science the term “a fair test” means that everyone gets a chance to use the equipment.

The term “hypothesis” means the same thing as a guess.

Wool keeps things warmer longer than cotton.

Most kitchens contain acidic foods.Car companies make car tires out of rubber

because they are waterproof.You can speed up the rate which ice will

melt by wrapping it up in a wooly scarf.Measuring accurately is the most useful

skill of all to learn in science.You can only cut a diamond with another

diamond.

WORD SPLASH

hypothesisfair testmaterialpropertypredictionevidence

measureflexibletransparentheatskill

Objective 2

You will learn how to conduct an experiment.

Title: A Coffee Filter and a Black Dot

Problem: What happens when you dip a strip of coffee filter with a dot from a black marker in tap water?

Hypothesis:

Procedure1) Measure 25 mL of tap water in a beaker.

2) Pour the water carefully into the transparent, plastic cup.

3) Measure 2 cm from the end of a coffee filter paper and draw a horizontal line in pencil.

4) Draw a black dot 1 cm above the pencil line.

5) Dip the paper in the water being careful to hold the pencil line on the surface of the water. Do NOT let the black dot enter the water.

Procedure:You are going to redo the coffee filter

experiment as a group.You will each do your jobs in order for the

lab to go smoothly.You will then answer the questions as a

group in your lab notebook.You will clean up and make sure all of the

materials are put away.Please give your lab notebooks to the

teacher.

Lab Questions:

1) What were the steps that you did in this investigation?

2) Draw, label and color a diagram what the coffee filter looked like before you placed the strip in the water before the colors appeared.

Label the coffee filter, the black dot, the cup, the pencil line and the water.

3) Draw and describe, with complete sentences, what happened.

4) What did you discover about black ink?

5) How do you know this? What was the evidence?

Training Days AssessmentYour investigation must:

1. Be an appropriate way to investigate this challenge

2. Show you have made systematic, accurate observations and measurements

3. Show that you have included in your approach ways to improve the reliability of your test

4. Show that you have drawn conclusions based on the evidence

5. Be written up using appropriate scientific words and in an appropriate way

Objective #3

You will be able to explain what a fair test is for an experiment.

Objective 4

You will conduct an experiment to test if a substance is an acid or a base.

Type of Substance Color of red cabbage indicator

Vinegar

Lemon juice

Lime juice

Bottled water

Distilled water

Baking soda

Orange juice

The scientific process is the way or procedure of testing ideas to solve a problem.

Title: is the name of the experiment or study

Example: It’s all about Changing the Length of the Ears

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Problem:Problem: is the question to be solved in the study in a complete sentence.

Example: How does the size of the ears affect the time it takes the Bugs-o-copter to reach the ground?

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An educated guess of the solution to your problem in a complete sentence. Do not use “Yes or No.” Do not use “because.” Example: The short-eared Bugs-o-copter

will reach the ground before the long-eared one.

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A clearly written hypothesis:

1. is always written in the form of a statement and answers the question.

2. uses the same word pattern as the question.

3. is brief and to the point.

Write a hypothesis for each problem.

1. Problem: How does the size of a balloon affect the speed it will travel? The bigger the balloon, the slower it will travel.

2. Problem: Does hot water freeze faster than cold water? Hot water freezes faster than cold water.

1. Hypothesis: A metal bat can hit a

baseball further than a wooden bat.

How does the type of bat affect how far the baseball travels?

2. Hypothesis: The higher the ramp,

the further the marble will travel. How does the height of the ramp affect how

far the marble will travel?

Write a problem for each hypothesis.

There are three types of variables:

dependent variable (1)independent variable (1)controlled variables (5 or more)

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Independent variable - is the condition in your experiment that is being changed or made different.

Example: length of the Bugs-o-copter’s ears

Problem: How does the length of the Bugs-o-copter’s ears affect how fast it travels?

Dependent variable - (DV) is the condition in your experiment that is being measured for your result.

Example: the time it takes the Bugs-o-copter to reach the ground

Dependent variables (measure)

temperaturecapacityvolumeweighttimeareamass

circumferenceperimeterlengthheightwidthdistancespeed

are the conditions in your experiment that must be kept the same so that your study is fair and correct.

Problem: How does the length of the Bugs-o-copter’s ears affect how fast it travels to the ground?

Controlled Variables: same way of measuring same placement of the paperclip same type of paper same length/mass of paperclip same number of paperclips same placement of paperclip on Bugs-o-copter same way the ears are folded same way you hold the Bugs-o-copter same height dropped from same testing environment same way of dropping it

Materials: are the things you need for your

study and are written in a detailed manner. State the exact quantity of each item.State the exact size of each specific

item.State the exact type of each material.

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WaterPotsSeedsDirtMeasuring

tools

1 Liter of bottled water3, square 6 inch clay pots3 large Sunflower seeds1, 3 pound bag of Scotts

fertilized soil1, 12 inch metal ruler1, 50 mL graduated

cylinder

Poor Materials ListSuper Materials List

Problem: How does the depth of a seed affect the height of a plant?

Problem: How does the size of the Bugs-o-copter’s ears affect how fast it takes to reach the ground?

Materials:1, 10.3 cm long-eared Bugs-o-copter

made out of cardstock1, 5.3 cm short-eared Bugs-o-copter

made out of cardstock1 hand-held stopwatch2, 5 cm metal paperclips

Procedure: Clearly state the steps you will be taking in your study in complete, detailed sentences.

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The procedure is a series of STEPS that ... are numbered and written in sequential

order begin with a verb are written in proper sentences are complete and accurate use exact measurements use diagrams when needed use the word “repeat” as a step to make

the procedure more concise.

Neutral Base Acids

Procedure1. Put on lab coats and goggles for safety. Never take them off while

you are in the lab.

2. Label each plastic cup with the name of the substance.

3. Get 1 plastic pipette for the cup of red cabbage indicator solution.

4. Pour 25 mL of each type of liquid into the correctly labeled cup.

5. Squeeze 1 full pipette of indicator solution into the vinegar cup slowly.

6. Swirl the cup slowly so that the two solutions mix together.

7. Record the color of the new solution in your table.

8. Repeat steps 5-7 for all of the other substances.

9. Place the cups in order from the pH level of base to acid.

10. Clean up all of the materials.

Results for Acid vs. Base Experiment:

If you look at our chart you can see that the substances are an acid or a base by the color of the liquid. We found that the acids turned the colors of orange to pink to red. Bases turned the substances blue to green. The neutral liquids were purple. There were four acids: vinegar turned pink, lemon and lime juice turned red and orange juice turned a darker orange color. We found out that baking soda was a base. The original color of the powder was white and when we added the red cabbage juice indicator, it became green. The neutral substances were bottled water and distilled water, which turned the liquids purple. As you can see, you can find and use acids and bases in your house on a daily basis.

Quick Glance of an Object

when you look at something very quickly and NOT closely.

Careful Glance of an Object

is a CLOSE observation of an object over an extended period of time.

Are data that you collect while performing the study. (before, during, and after the experiment)

Write down everything & anything that you observe.

Visuals: __________, data table, ____________

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Diagram Diagram - labeled, detailed, colorful, neat, that _______________________ or photographs

Data tableData table - title, clear & easy to read, has independent and dependent variables, labels, write numbers as decimals

GraphGraph -_________, x & y axis labels, colored bars, correct interval, neat, easy to read, shows a result (average/mean)

Qualitative Observations - are observations using your ________________.

Quantitative Observations - are observations using _____________________ .

Color, brightness taste (if allowed) smell shape touch/feel-texture,

type of material soundSeecause & effect

mass (grams) size (length, width,

height)capacity (amt. Of

liquid- mLareaperimetervolume (V=LxWxH) temperatureelapsed timecircumferencedistance

Qualitative Observations

Quantitative Observations

are the ______________to your problem.

It is written in complete sentences in paragraph format with all of the parts.

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