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8/2/2019 Falling Behind 2008 an International Comparison of Canadas Animal Cruelty Legislation
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F BdAn InternAtIonAl CompArIson of CAnAdAs AnImAl Cruelty legIslAtIon
8/2/2019 Falling Behind 2008 an International Comparison of Canadas Animal Cruelty Legislation
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For more inFormation, please go to: www.iFaw.org
IFAW (Intrnationa Fnd or Anima War)
1 Nichoas Strt Sit 612
Ottawa ON K1N 7B7
T: 613-241-8996
Fax: 613-241-0641
aCKnowleDgements
IFAW wod ik to thank th oowing indiidas and organizations or thir assistanc in rodcing
this rort: Marc Massi, Robin MacKa, Richard Wintragr, Car Grn Dsign, th Ottawa
Hman Socit and Tri Cont Anima Rsc
IFAW 2008
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summary oF reCommenDations 4
exeCutive summary 5
how Does CanaDa Compare? 6
1. Dos th gisation rotct animas rom ngct? 8
2. Ar stra animas rotctd rom acts o crt? 9
3. Ar wid animas rotctd rom acts o crt? 9
4. Dos th gisation incd a dnition o anima? 11
5. Is it iga to train animas to ght ach othr? 11
6. Is anima ghting iga? 11
7. Ar thr distinctions mad btwn dirnt kinds o animas? 12
8. Can ondrs b rohibitd rom owning or iing with an anima in th tr? 13
9. Can jdgs ordr anon ond git o anima crt to a rstittion to
th anima war organization rsonsib or caring or th absd animas? 13
10. What ar th maximm natis? 13
Comparison Chart 14
reCommenDations 16
ConClusions 18
reFerenCes 19
Contents
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CANADA IS THe ONly COuNTRy WHICH DeFINeS
ANIMAl CRuelTy pROvISIONS AS vIOlATIONS
OF pROpeRTy. THIS ReSulTS IN uNOWNeD
ANIMAlS, SuCH AS WIlDlIFe AND STRAyS,
BeING vIRTuAlly uNpROTeCTeD.
summary oF reCommenDations:
1. ecti gisation mst rr to ngignt
bhaior which is dnd as darting markd
rom th standard o car that a rasonab rson
wod s and dos not rqir th corts to ro
that ngct is a wi action.
2. Anima crt roisions shod rotct a animas
not jst thos kt or a aw ros. This
otdatd wording nds to b risd and anima
onss shod b mod to thir own sarat
sction o th Crimina Cod.
3. ecti gisation mst incd a car and concis
dnition o anima.
4. ecti gisation mst rohibit th training
o animas to ght othr animas and nab th
coniction o indiidas ond to b btting on
anima ghts.
5. A animas mst b rotctd niatra.
6. Th natis daing with anima crt mst b
incrasd, both montari and niti.
7. ecti gisation mst mak it an onc to ki an
anima with brta and/or icios intnt, whthr or
not th anima dis immdiat.
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excv s
Amost r da in Canada nwsars cor storis o horric acts o crt
to animas. From hos cats catrd and kid in microwas to dogs draggdbhind cars nti th di rom thir injris cass o crt abond.
yt, in a shocking 99.075% o ths cass, th rtrators wak r d to
signicant faws in otdatd gisation. Canadas anima crt gisation
has not bn modrnizd sinc it was writtn in 1892 aing aw norcmnt
ocrs, attorns and jdgs at a oss to cti rosct crimina acts
o crt.
Manwhi, thr is an incrasing trnd goba to imro th rotction o
animas rom crt. Or th ast w dcads, contris a or th word ha
datd or nactd nw anima war gisation.
Ths acts romtd IFAW to ndrtak a comarison o anima rotction
gisation in Canada and 13 othr contris arond th word. Th rsts
dmonstrat that Canadas crrnt gisation is wo inadqat, agging
ar bhind man contris that rcogniz th imortanc o adqat anima
rotction aws.
Th rort xamins gisation rom Astria, Croatia, Grat Britain, Grman,
Maasia, Nw Zaand, Norwa, th phiiins, poand, portga, Soth Arica,
Switzrand and ukrain and comars thm with Canadas gisation.
Startlin acts reealed in te reort include:
Canadaranksatthebottomofallcomparisons;
Canadaisaloneinofferingvirtuallynoprotectionforwildandstray
animals;
Canadaslegislationdoesnotincludeacleardenitionofanimal
whereasothercountriesareexplicit;
Canadaistheonlycountrythatdoesnotprovideprotectionforanimals
beingtrainedtoghteachother(seeboxonMichaelVickpage11);
Canadaistheonlycountrythatmakesitvirtuallyimpossibletoprosecute
cass o ngct.
udating th Crimina Cod o Canada wi roid th corts and oic with
car, cti mans to rosct, conict and to otntia mitigat acts
o nacctab anima crt. It wi aso aow oiticians to rsond to
th orwhming majorit o Canadians rrsnting a oitica artis who
ar otragd b hinos acts o anima crt. Fina, modrn and cti
gisation to rotct a animas wi bring Canada to standard on th
goba stag.
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Hw d Caaa C
This rort ocats and xors commonaitis and
distinctions btwn Canadas anima crt gisation
and that o thirtn othr contris arond th word:
Astria, Croatia, Grat Britain, Grman, Maasia, Nw
Zaand, Norwa, th phiiins, poand, portga,
Soth Arica, Switzrand and ukrain. Ths contris
wr chosn bcas ach has dra gisation,
dtaid inormation abot thir gisation is asi
accssib on th Word Wid Wb, and bcas th
gisation is aaiab in engish.
Th oowing tn qstions wr askd whn riwing
ach ic o gisation:
1. Dos th gisation rotct animas rom ngct?
2. Ar stra animas rotctd rom acts o crt?
3. Ar wid animas rotctd rom acts o crt
4. Dos th gisation incd a dnition o ani
5. Is it iga to train animas to ght ach othr
6. Is anima ghting iga?
7. Ar thr distinctions mad btwn dirnt
o animas?
8. Can ondrs b rohibitd rom owning or iwith an anima in th tr?
9. Can jdgs ordr anon ond git o anima
crt to a rstittion to th anima war
organization rsonsib or caring or th ab
animas?
10. What ar th maximm natis?
DisCussion
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a?
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Question 1: Does the legislation proteCt animals From negleCt?
Th Crimina Cod o Canada ss th trm wi ngct which rqirs
ngct to b a rodct o rdtrmind action. In a othr contris
riwd, th anima crt gisation maks car rrnc and roisions
or cass o ngct. Th winss o th rtrator is kt ot o th
wording, so that intnt or moti dos not nd to b rsnt or th corts to
nish crims o ngct against animas.
Examles:
In CROATIA, th Anima War Act rohibits ngcting an anima in trms
o its hath, hosing, ntrition and car (s. 16). Within th Act thr is no
rqirmnt to ro that th indiidas actd wi in ordr or thm to
b chargd with ngcting an anima. Th mr act o ngcting an anima is
in contrantion o th roisions o th Act and is dmd scint to ha
committd th onc.
In NEW ZEALAND, th Anima War Act stats that a thos who k
or ar in charg o an anima mst tak a sts that ar rasonab to
nsr th hsica hath and bhaiora nds o animas ar mt both
with good ractic and scintic knowdg. Whn animas ar i or injrd
thir krs mst nsr that th rci tim tratmnt to aiat a
nrasonab and nncssar ain or distrss. Fair to com with ths
rgations maks an ondr git o a strict iabiit onc. This mans
thatitdoesnotmatterwhethertheindividualintendedtocontravenetheAct;
th actions or inactions o th ondr ar scint to charg thm with
ngct.
In MALAYSIA, th iss o ngct is gisati addrssd in s. 44(1)(d) o
th Anima Act which bars an rson rom ithr wanton or nrasonab
doing or committing an act that cass an ain or sring or, as an ownr,
rmits nncssar ain or sring to an anima. Th wiingnss on th
art o th ondr to commit th onc is not ncssar in cass o ngct
undr th gisation it is on rqird that th indiida nrasonab
committd an act that casd th nncssar ain and sring o an
anima.
In AUSTRIA, th Fdra Act on th protction o Animas maks itrohibitd to infict njstid ain, sring or injr on an anima or
xos it to ha ar. Th roisions do not rqir an ondr to ha
actd wi in th harming or mistratmnt o animas.
In NORWAY, th Anima War Act stats that ngct srd b an
anima dos not nd to b don wi b th ownr, bt that th actions
thmss ar scint or an onc to ha bn committd.
O ALL ThE COUNTRIES
INvESTIgATED, ONLY CANADA
REqUIRES NEgLECT TO bE A
pRODUCT O pREDETERMINED
ACTION bY USINg ThE TERM
WILLUL NEgLECT. IN ALL
13 O ThE OThER COUNTRIES
REvIEWED, ThE ANIMAL CRUELTY
LEgISLATION MAkES CLEAR
REERENCE AND pROvISIONS
OR CASES O NEgLECT.
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Question 2: are stray animals proteCteD From
aCts oF Cruelty?
In th Crimina Cod o Canada thr is no mntion
o stra animas. Th crt roisions on a to
animas that ar kt or a aw ros and thror
as stra animas irta nrotctd rom acts o
crt. Sra o th contris riwd dirct rotct
stra animas throgh a scint incsi dnition o
anima to incd a animas, domstic, wid, or stra.
Examles:
In MALAYSIAs Anima Act it is car in th dnition
o anima that stra animas ar aordd th sam
rotction rom crt njod b an domstic or othr
animas.
In AUSTRIA it is stabishd in th Fdra Act on th
protction o Animas that rotction is aordd to a
animas incding stras.
NORWAYs Anima War Act ais to a animas,aowing stra animas rotction. Th act stats that
animas shod b tratd w, and considration sha
b gin to th instincti bhaior tratmnt and natra
nds o animas, so that thr is no risk o casing thm
nncssar sring.
In CROATIAs Anima War Act stra animas ar
aordd rotction throgh th dnition o an anima:
a rtbrats.
Question 3: are wilD animals proteCteD From
aCts oF Cruelty?
As otind in qstion nmbr 2 th Crimina Cod
o Canada is wordd so that th crt roisions on
a to animas that ar kt or a aw ros
and thror a widi irta nrotctd. Tn
contris roid rotction to wid animas ithr
throgh thir dnition o anima or throgh scic
gisati roisions.
Examles:
In CROATIA scia considration is mad or th
rotction o wid animas. Th Anima War Act
rohibits actions that ithr scica tortr or rnt
an anima or a oation o animas rom satising
thir hsioogica nds or a riod o tim. Scic
xams ar istd that incd rnting accss to
watr or ssntia ascts o sria throgh ncing,
dstroing ithr in art or in who an ssntia habitat
or sria, introdcing ra anima scis into ahabitat and catring or kiing i animas in a wa that
cass nncssar or ngth sring.
In th phILIppINES Sction 7 o th Anima War
Act acs a dt on r rson to rotct th natra
habitat o widi. Th dstrction o natra habitats, or
th ros o th Act, is xicit statd to b a orm o
crt to animas and is strict rohibitd.
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THe CRuelTy pROvISIONS OF THe CRIMINAl CODe OF CANADA DO NOT INCluDe A
DeFINITION OF ANIMAl OTHeR THAN TO ReFeReNCe SpeCIFIC ANIMAlS SuCH AS
CATTle. TeN OF THe COuNTRIeS RevIeWeD INCluDe A CleAR, pReCISe DeFINITION
OF AN ANIMAl IN THeIR leGISlATION.
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Question 4: Does the legislation
inCluDe a DeFinition oF animal?
Th crulty provisions o th Criminal
Cod o Canada do not includ a
dfnition o animal othr than to
rrnc spcifc animals such as
cattl. Tn o th countris rviwd
includ a clar, prcis dfnition o an
animal in thir lgislation. In addition
to th undamntal protctions aordd
all animals, ach o ths tn countris
provid urthr, distinct protctions to
spcifc catgoris o animals.
Examples:
gREAT bRITAIN dfns animals as
vrtbrats othr than man, in sction
1(3a) o thir Animal Wlar Act
which also taks things a stp urthr
by dsignating a national authority
to adjust rgulations upon scintifc
nquiry to dtrmin and includ
spcifc invrtbrats capabl o
xprincing pain or suring.
In MALAYSIAs Animal Act, animal is
dfnd as any living cratur othr than
a human bing including any basts,
fsh, rptil or insct, whthr wild or
tam.
In NORWAY th Animal Wlar Act
numrats a list o animals rquiring
protction to includ liv mammals,
birds, toads, rogs, salamandrs, nwts,
rptils, fsh and crustacans.
NEW ZEALANDs Animal Wlar Act
ctivly xpands lgislation to dfn
animal as any liv mmbr o th
animal kingdom that is mammal, bird,
rptil, amphibian, fsh, octopus, squid,
lobstr, crayfsh or any othr mmbr o
th animal kingdom which is dclard
rom tim to tim by th Govrnor
Gnral, by Ordr in Council, to b an
animal or th purpos o th Act.
Question 5: is it illegal to train
animals to Fight eaCh other?
Question 6: is animal Fighting
illegal?
InCanadaanimalghtingisillegal;
howr, an indiida has to b
rsnt at a ght in ordr to b
chargd. This mans that brding,
training and roting rom ghting
animas ar sti considrd ga
actiitis. Th othr contris stdid
in this rort mak anima ghting
iga and a contris xct on,
xicit criminaiz th training o
animas to ght ach othr.
Examles:
O th 14 contris srd, gREAT
bRITAINs Anima War Act
roids on o th most aggrssi
stancs to discorag anima ghting
and th training o animas to b
aggrssi. Sction 8 o th Act maks
it an onc or a rson to cas
an anima ght, to tak mon or
admission, to biciz or romot,
to inorm anothr rson, to b in
ossssion o somthing sd or
anima ght and to k and train
animas or ghting or to k a
rmiss or anima ghting and to b
rsnt at an anima ght. Additiona
th Act aso maks it an onc to
(withot aw xcs) s a ido
o an anima ght, knowing bish
a ido o an anima ght, knowing
show a ido o anima ght or ossss
a ido o an anima ght.
CROATIAs Anima War Actscica rohibits anima ghting
and th training o animas to ght,
additiona making it iga to s
tchniqs to incras aggrssinss
in animas.
SOUTh ARICAs Anima protction
Act and MALAYSIAs Anima Act
rohibit both th training o animas to
ght ach othr and anima ghting,
incding an king or managmnt
o rmiss or th ros o ghting,an rmitting or s o rmiss or
anima ghting, and an rciing o
an mon or admission or a ac
which hosts animas ghting.
Canadians were outraed wen NL star Micael vic was ound uilty o seeral
do tin related cares. In Canada Micael vic could not ae een caredecause it is not an oence to train animals to t eac oter, it is only an oence to
encourae, aid or assist in te tin o dos. In Canada do t eretrators ae
to e caut red-anded in order to e cared. or examle, in 2005 te RCMp and
te britis Columia SpCA raided a roerty and ound a do tin rin and oter
araernalia used or trainin dos to t. A total o 25 scar and wound inficted dos
were conscated tat day and later ad to e returned to teir owner ecause under
Canadas animal cruelty roisions a crime ad not occurred. In act, tere ae een no
conictions o any indiidual inoled wit do tin in bC.
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Question 7: are there DistinCtions maDe Between DiFFerent KinDs oF animals?
Canada crats distinctions btwn dirnt animas, sch as catt, withot acta incding a dnition o anima in
th gisation. Othr contris do crat distinctions btwn dirnt kinds o animas, howr, it shod b notd that
th distinctions rr to catgoris or sb-gros o animas, man o whom ar aordd additiona rotction.
Examles:
CROATIAs AnimalWelfareActdistinguishesbetweendomestic,strayandwildanimalshowever;allareprotectedin
dirnt sctions o th Act. Comanion animas ar rotctd in Artics 47-50, zoo animas in Artics 50-52, circs
animas in Artic 53 and t sho animas ndr Artic 58.
pOLANDs Anima protction Act crats dirnt catgoris o animas sch as domstic animas, arm animas and ab
animas, howr ach catgor o anima is roidd rotction in dirnt sctions o th cod.
AUSTRIAs Fdra Act on th protction o Animas roids dtaid dnitions, sarating animas into six broad
catgoris o domstic animas, ts, wid animas, hood gam, animas kt or arming ross and oddr animas.
Sction 3 o th Act stabishd that th gisation ais to a animas with on a w xctions.
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Question 8: Can oFFenDers Be
prohiBiteD From owning or
living with an animal in the
Future?
In Canada oenders can e roiited
rom ownin or liin wit an animal
or maximum o two years. Tis is te
sortest maximum roision o te
countries wit roiitions. Seen
o te countries reiewed allow or
lietime roiitions o ownin animals.
Examles:
In AUSTRIAs ederal Act on te
protection o Animals, a ersonconicted o cruelty to animals can e
roiited rom eein all or certain
secies o animals indenitely.
In gREAT bRITAIN te Animal Welare
Act, under certain circumstances, can
disualiy an oender rom ownin,
eein, articiatin in eein
animals, or rom ein arty to an
arranement under wic te oender
is entitled to control or infuence te
way in wic animals are et.
In NEW ZEALAND oenders can e
roiited rom ownin an animal
under te Animal Welare Act.
In NORWAY, uon commitment o
a more serious contraention o te
Animal Welare Act or uon multile
oences, te oender may e deried
eiter temorarily or indenitely o
te rit to own, ee, use, trade or
slauter, care or animals, or o te
rit to unt and s.
In CROATIA wen an oender
is conicted o cruelty aainst a
comanion animal or te second time,
te Animal Welare Act as roisions
allowin te court to remoe te animal
rom te oenders and roiit tem
rom eer ownin anoter animal.
Questions 9: Can juDges orDer
anyone FounD guilty oF animal
Cruelty to pay restitution to
the animal welFare organization
responsiBle For Caring For the
aBuseD animals?
Te Criminal Code o Canada does not
oliate te courts to order restitution
costs. Seen countries allow te court
to mae oenders ay restitution to
animal welare oranizations tat care
or aused animals suseuent to acts
o ause or cruelty.
Examles:
AUSTRIAs ederal Act on te
protection o Animals states tat uon
coniction o an oence, te reious
eeer sall reimurse to te autority
all costs connected wit te temorary
custody and care o te animal(s).
In MALAYSIA te Animal Act roides
or te recoery o exenses rom
oenders to roide restitution to any
eterinary autority or ocer roidin
care o te animals suject to iolationo te leislation.
In SOUTh ARICA te court may
order tat a erson conicted o an
oence under te Animal protection
Act reay all exenses incurred y
anoter erson in eterinary ills, ood
or accommodation.
In pOLAND section 2 o te Animal
protection Act states tat a erson
conicted o an oence may e urter
enalized y nes wic can e
awarded to te poland Society or te
preention o Cruelty to Animals or a
similar animal rotection oranization.
Question 10: what are the
maximum penalties?
At a maximum o six monts
Canada as te lowest lent o
incarceration second only to Malaysia,
and te second lowest maximum
nes or eretrators conicted o
animal cruelty.
Examles:
SWITZERLANDs ederal Act on
Animal protection states tat anyone
wo intentionally maltreats, oerwors,
nelects, cruelly uts to deat,
ills wantonly, oranizes ts orinaroriately exeriments on
animals is liale to arrest and a ne
u to 20,000 Swiss rancs (arox
17,500 CAD).
Under gREAT bRITAINs Animal
Welare Act te maximum ne is
20,000 ounds (arox 42,000 CAD).
Te maximum rison sentence is
51 wees.
Under AUSTRIAs ederal Act on te
protection o Animals te maximum
ne or a rst oence is 7,500 Euros
(arox 10,750 CAD) and 15,000
Euros (arox 21,500 CAD) or a
second oense.
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Croatia germany MalaAustriaCanada great britain
Does te leislation rotect
animals rom nelect?
Are stray animals rotected
rom acts o cruelty?
Are wild animals rotected
rom acts o cruelty?
Does te leislation include a
denition o animal?
Is it illeal to train animals to
t eac oter?
Is animal tin illeal?
Are tere distinctions madeetween dierent inds o
animals?
Can oenders e roiited
rom ownin or liin wit an
animal in te uture?
Can judes order anyone ound
uilty o animal cruelty to ay
restitution to te animal welare
oranization resonsile or
carin or te aused animals?
Wat are te maximum
enalties?
indnit indnitscond onc
itim
ine:
15,000 eros
(21,500 CAD)
ine:
20,000 GpB
(42,000 CAD)
prison:
51 wks
ine:
50,000 DM
(36,600 CAD)
prison:
3 ars
in
200 Ri
(60 C
priso
6 mo
ine:
100,000 HRK
(19,500 CAD)
YES NO
legenD
ngct mst b
wi
on rotcts
animas kt or a
aw ros
on rotcts
animas kt or a
aw ros
ondrs can
on b chargd i
caght in th act
maximm 2 ars
ine:
2,000 CAD
prison:
6 months Smmar
onc
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New Zealand piliines portual Sout Arica Switzerland UraineNorway poland
indnit
uNKNOWN
indnit
at mnicia
dndant
on corts
dndant
on corts
uNKNOWN uNKNOWN
ine:
unknown
prison:
1 ar
ine:
20,000 CHF
(17,500 CAD)
prison:
unknown
ine:
2,500 plN
(940 CAD)
prison:
2 ars
uNKNOWN uNKNOWNine:
50,000 NZD
37,700 CAD)
prison:
3 ars
ine:
4,000 ZAR
(580 CAD)
prison:
2 ars
ine:
5,000 pHp
(115 CAD)
prison:
2 ars
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1. ecti gisation mst on rr
to ngignt bhaior which is
dnd as darting markd rom
th standard o car that a rasonab
rson wod s and not rqir th
corts to ro that ngct is a wi
action. Crrnt ss than o 1%
o anima crt comaints rst
in sccss conictions, maning
that an astonishing 99.075% o acts
o crt in Canada go nnishd.
Th majorit o ths comaints ar
cass o ngct. In Canada th cort
mst ro that cass o ngct ar
wi. In othr words, moti mst
b ron. For xam, a armr who
stard his sh dsit ratdwarnings was ond not git
bcas th cort codnt ro h
intndd to star thm.
2. Anima crt roisions mst
rotct a animas not jst thos
kt or a aw ros. This
otdatd wording nds to b risd
and anima onss shod b
mod to thir own sction o th
Crimina Cod. ptting animas in
thir own sction o th Cod wi
rotct a animas rom crt and
aso rfcts Canadians iw that a
animas shod b rotctd rom
crt. At rsnt, not a animas ar
rotctd rom crimina acts o crt
bcas roisions ar ond ndr
th rort sction o th Crimina
Cod. This mans that wid and stra
animas, which ar not considrdrort, ar irta nrotctd.
rcd
In June 2004 a Wakefeld,Quebec area man snatched
a baby bear cub rom its
mother on his jet-ski. As
the animal struggled to
get away he beat it, held it
underwater and drove over
it with his jet-ski several
times to subdue it. All o the
details o the capture were
proudly relayed back to thelocal newspaper by the man.
Although the story garnered
an international outcry no
animal cruelty charges were
laid because wild animals
are not protected rom acts o
cruelty.
In order or Canada to ae animal cruelty leislation tat is eectie, internationally
releant, and refects te iews o modern Canadian society te current leislation must
imroed in te ollowin ways:
8/2/2019 Falling Behind 2008 an International Comparison of Canadas Animal Cruelty Legislation
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ecti gisation mst incd a car and
concis dnition o anima. Th majorit o
gisation riwd incds a dnition o
animal;however,Canadaslegislationfailsto
do so.
ecti gisation mst rohibit th training
o animas to ght othr animas and nab
th coniction o indiidas ond to b
btting on anima ghts. Th rcnt otcr in
Canada or th cas o Micha vick in th
unitd Stats dmonstrats that Canadians
dmand ths actions b dat with (s box
on Micha vick ag11).
A animas mst b rotctd niatra.
Crt is crt, t Canadas crt
gisation rotcts dirnt animas in
dirnt was. Catt ar rotctd dirnt
than comanion animas. Wid animas and
stras ar t irta nrotctd.
Th natis daing with anima crt
mst b incrasd, both montari and
niti. Th gisation shod aso
aow th cort to rohibit ondrs rom
owning animas in th tr and to mak
rstittion amnts to th organizations
chargd with caring or th absd animas.
NOTE: It is essential to oint out tat only
imroin te enalties on leislation tat
is already woeully inadeuate does notinto eectiely imroe te leislation or to
urter rotect animals rom cruelty. good
enalties do not mae ood laws.
Thr ar othr imortant changs to th
Crimina Cod that mst b addrssd which
ar not within th sco o this rort. As it
stands, th gisation has not bn datd
sinc 1892. Th otdatd wording and
oohos within th gisation aows man
ondrs to go r.
ectiv lgislation must mak it an oncto kill an animal with brutal and/or vicious
intnt, whthr or not th animal dis
immdiatly. Th wording that is currntly in
plac allows popl to kill animals brutally
and viciously i th animal dis immdiatly.
For xampl, somon who tis an animal to a
train track can gt away with it by arguing that
th animal did quickly and did not sur.
IT IS ESSENTIAL TO pOINT OUT ThAT ONLY
IMpROvINg ThE pENALTIES ON LEgISLATION ThAT
IS ALREADY WOEULLY INADEqUATE DOES NOThINg
TO EECTIvELY IMpROvE ThE LEgISLATION OR TOURThER pROTECT ANIMALS ROM CRUELTY. gOOD
pENALTIES DO NOT MAkE gOOD LAWS.
8/2/2019 Falling Behind 2008 an International Comparison of Canadas Animal Cruelty Legislation
18/2018 F a l l i n g B e h i n d : a n i n t e r n a t i o n a l C o m p a r i s o n o F C a n a d a s a n i m a l C r u e l t y l e g i s l a t i o n
ConClusionsCanadas anima crt gisation ags ar bhind aws in man othr contris.Goba, thr is an incrasing trnd to imro th rotction o animas rom crt.
Or th ast w dcads contris rom a or th word ha cratd gisation
that mos animas ot o th ram o rort, as th ar dsignatd in Canada, and
rcognizs thm as bings which rqir at ast minimm standards o rotction.
udating o th crrnt Crimina Cod o Canada wi aord corts and oic with car,
cti mans to rosct, conict and to otntia mitigat acts o nacctabanima crt.
Th orwhming majorit o Canadians want modrnizd and cti gisation that
wi rotct animas rom acts o crt. Amnding th anima crt roisions o th
Crimina Cod is an oortnit or or pariamntarians to rrsnt th wi o Canadian
8/2/2019 Falling Behind 2008 an International Comparison of Canadas Animal Cruelty Legislation
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Austria: ederal Act on te protection o
Animals
htt://www.ris.bka.g.at/r/r_2004_1_118.
d
Canada: Criminal Code o Canada, pART
XI: Willul and oridden Act in Resect o
Certain proerty (cattle and oter animals)
htt://aws.jstic.gc.ca/n/showdoc/cs/C-46/
bo-ga:_XI//n#anchorbo-ga:_XI
Croatia: Animal Welare Act rom 1999
htt://www.rijatji-ziotinja.hr/indx.
n.h?id=470
great britain: Animal Welare Act, 2006
htt://www.gisation.go.k/acts/acts2006/
d/kga_20060045_n.d
germany: Animal Welare Act
htt://www.animaaw.ino/nons/statts/
stdawa1998.htm
Malaysia: Animal Act o 1953 Reised y Act
647 o 2006
htt://agroink.moa.m/jh/ds/norcmnt/
animas-act-1953.d
New Zealand: Animal Welare Act o 1999htt://www.bioscrit.got.nz/gisation/
anima-war-act/gid/indx.htm
Norway: Animal Welare Act
htt://www.animaaw.ino/nons/statts/
stnoaa1995.htm
piliines: Animal Welare Act o 1998
htt://www.chanrobs.com/
rbicactno8485.htm
poland: Animal protection Act
htt://www.animaaw.ino/nons/statts/
stoaa1997.htm
portual: protection o Animals Law
htt://www.animaaw.ino/nons/statts/
stt92_95_n.htm
Sout Arica: Animal protection Act
htt://www.acii.org/sb/gis/conso_act/aoa329/
Switzerland: ederal Act on Animal protecti
o Marc 9, 1978
htt://www.animaaw.ino/nons/statts/
stchaa1978.htm
Uraine: No. 3447 Iv On te protection o
Animals rom Cruelty
htt://www.natrwatch.org/ondation/
krain/docs/kr_aw_aw.d
rfc
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