Families of the Periodic Table

transcript

The Periodic Table

Families of the Periodic Table:At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to:

1. Name each region of the Periodic Table2. Name each family of the Periodic Table3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family

of the Periodic Table

Have you ever noticed that you tend to be attracted to someone kind of like you??

Periods in the Periodic Table

1234567

Regions of the Periodic Table

MetalsExtra electronsConductiveMalleable

DenseShinyDuctile

MetalloidsPartly Conductive

Non-MetalsMissing ElectronsNon-ConductiveNot MalleableDull

Groups in the Periodic Table

Elements in groups (families) react in similar ways!

15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from

Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!

Hint #14. No experiment is ever a complete failure, it can always serve as a bad example.

Hydrogen

ElementsGas:

Hydrogen

Hydrogen (cont.)

Characteristics Low density Low melting point Non-metal qualities: brittle, non-conductor,

Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water

Group 1A: Alkali Metals

Cutting sodium metal

Reaction of potassium + H2O

Alkali Metals

ElementsSolids:

LithiumPotassiumSodiumRubidiumCesiumFrancium

Alkali Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile

Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline

hydroxides

Magnesium

Magnesium oxide

Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

ElementsSolids

BerylliumMagnesiumCalciumStrontiumBariumRadium

Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as compounds Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile

Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts

Transition Elements

Lanthanides and Actinides

(Inner Transitions)Iron in air gives iron(III) oxide

Transition Metals

ElementsSolids

All “D-block” elementsAtomic numbers 21-30

39-4857, 72-8089, 104-112

Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile

Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states

Design a Hypothesis

Post-Transition Metals

ElementsSolids

AluminumGalliumIndiumTinThalliumLeadBismuthPolonium

Post Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile Not as reactive

Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5

Metalloids

ElementsSolids

BoronSiliconGermaniumArsenicAntimonyTellurium

Metalloids (cont.)

Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Some malleable, some not

Some ductile, some not Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers

Other Non-Metals

Gases(Hydrogen)NitrogenOxygen

SolidsPhosphorusSulfurSeleniumCarbon

Other Non-Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-

conductor, etc. High ionization energy

High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers

Group 7A: The Halogens (salt makers)

F, Cl, Br, I, At

Halogens

SolidsIodineAstatine

LiquidsBromine

GasesFluorineChlorine

Halogens (cont.)

Characteristics

Only group with all 3 states of matter Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth

metals High electronegativity Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor,

Noble (inert) Gases Group #8 atomsP Shell Full Very Non-reactive Very Happy

Group 8A: The Noble (Inert) Gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Lighter than air balloons

“Neon” signs Very nonreactive

because they have full electron levels

Noble Gases

ElementsGases

HeliumNeonArgonKryptonXenonRadon

Noble Gases (cont.)

Characteristics

Non-reactive Odorless Tasteless Colorless Nonflammable

Non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.

Inner Transition Metals

ElementsSolids

All “F-block” elementsAtomic numbers 58-71

90-103

Inner Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Most are manmade High melting points Metal qualities: shiny, good conductor,

malleable, ductile

Reactivity varies Usually bonded to

non-metals AKA: lanthanides &

actinides

New Elements

Elements

Atomic numbers 113 and on

New Elements

Characteristics All are manmade Some will have metal qualities: shiny, good

conductor, malleable, ductile

Some will have non-metal qualities: dull, brittle, non-conductor, etc.

Some will have qualities of both

Periodic Table Sing Along(sing to Battle Hymn of the

Republic)• Mine eyes have seen the glory of the periodic chart• With its periods and columns it's a piece of genius art.• First he sorted by atomic mass,

• t'was Mendeleev's first feat.• A search to organize.Chorus:• Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down• Groups are also known as columns,

• The Periodic Chart!

Republic)• Some groups are given family names like

• 1, 2, 7 and 8• Alkali metals, reactive ones are on the far, far left.• Group 2 has the name of alkaline earth.

• They're metals all the way.• These families act alike.Chorus:• Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down• Groups are also known as columns,

• the Periodic Chart!

Republic)• The halogens, group 7 are a non-metallic clan• Group 8 seeks to be alone, acting as noble as they can• The transition, in the middle the most useful

• atoms known• Form colored compounds too.Chorus:• Periods - they go across, Families - they do go down• Groups are also known as columns,

• the Periodic Chart

Families of the Periodic Table:Let’s see if you can:

1. Name each region of the Periodic Table2. Name each family of the Periodic Table3. List at least 3 characteristics of each family

of the Periodic Table

Get Your Clicker!!!

Which pair of elements is MOST similar? Ca and F

Na and Cl

Ne and Ar

Li and H

Copper is an element that is used in electrical wires. What is the smallest unit of copper that still maintains the characteristics of copper?

the atom the electron the nucleus the proton

The picture below shows three objects that can be classified in the same group. Which of the following statements is true for all three of these objects?

They are metals. They rust rapidly. They weigh the same.

They are the same color.

You will be given a blank Periodic Table. List as many families as you can remember with your family and list one characteristic for each.

Period

Alkali M

Noble G

Halogen

Alkali E

arth Metal

Which of the elements is the metalloid?

20% 20% 20%20%20%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1. Aluminum2. Silicon3. Chlorine4. Magnesium5. Sulfur

Rubidium (n=37) is in what family of the periodic table?

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%

1. Alkali Metals2. Alkaline Earth Metals3. Transition Metals4. Inner Transition Metals5. Post Transition Metals6. Halogens7. Noble Gases8. Metalloids9. Other Nonmetals

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Europium (n=63) is in what family of the periodic table?

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Nitrogen (n=7) is in what family of the periodic table?

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Bismuth (n=83) is in what family of the periodic table?

0% 0% 0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Iron (n=26) is in what family of the periodic table?

0%0%0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Arsenic (n=33) is in what family of the periodic table?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Krypton (n=36) is in what family of the periodic table?

0% 0% 0% 0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Barium (n=56) is in what family of the periodic table?

0% 0% 0%0%0%0%0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Iodine (n=53) is in what family of the periodic table?

0% 0% 0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

The End!!!

Families of the Periodic Table

Documents