Post on 18-Jan-2018
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Families of the Periodic Table
HydrogenElements
Gas:Hydrogen
Hydrogen (cont.)
Characteristics Low density Low melting point
Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water
Alkali MetalsElements
Solids:LithiumPotassiumSodiumRubidiumCesiumFrancium
Alkali Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point
Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline
hydroxides
Alkaline Earth MetalsElements
SolidsBerylliumMagnesiumCalciumStrontiumBariumRadium
Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as a compound
Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts
Transition Metals
ElementsSolids
All “D-block” elementsAtomic numbers 21-30
39-4857, 72-8089, 104-112
Transition Metals (cont.)
Characteristics High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts
Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states
Other MetalsElements
SolidsAluminumGalliumIndiumTinThalliumLeadBismuth
Other Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids
Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5
MetalloidsElements
SolidsBoronSiliconGermaniumArsenicAntimonyTelluriumPolonium
Metalloids (cont.)
Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Malleable
Ductile Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers
Other Non-Metals
Gases(Hydrogen)CarbonNitrogenOxygen
SolidsPhosphorusSulfurSelenium
Other Non-Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Poor thermal conductors Brittle Little to no metallic luster High ionization energy
High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers
Halogens
SolidsIodineAstatine
LiquidsBromine
GasesFluorineChlorine
Halogens (cont.)
Characteristics
Only group in all 3 states of matter Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth
metals High electronegativity
Noble GasesElements
GasesHeliumNeonArgonKryptonXenonRadon
Noble Gases (cont.)
Characteristics
Non-reactive Odorless Tasteless Colorless Nonflammable
Inner Transition MetalsElements
SolidsAll “F-block” elementsAtomic numbers 58-71
90-103
Inner Transition Metals (cont.)
Characteristics Most are manmade High luster High melting points High electrical conductivity
Reactivity varies Usually bonded to
non-metals AKA: lanthanides &
actinides