FATTY ESTERS

Prepared by : Nurul Afifah Binti Mohd Yusoff

2013275464 EH110 4A

Faculty of Chemical Engineering

CONTENTS

Definition of fatty esters Production processes of fatty esters

and its derivative. Flow chart of fatty ester production Uses and application of fatty ester

What is Fatty Ester ?

Fatty Ester is a type of ester that result from the combination of a fatty acid with an alcohol.

Types of Fatty Esters

Isopropyl Esters Ethylexyl Esters Butyl Esters Glycerol Esters Glycol Esters Methyl Esters Polyol Esters

ISOPROPYL ESTERS

Production Processes of Isopropyl Esters and its derivatives Isopropyl esters of carboxylic acids are

products manufactured by means of reacting fatty acids and isopropyl alcohol in a process called “esterification”. The by‐product of the reaction is water.

FATTY ACIDS + ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL → ISOPROPYL ESTERS + WATER

Lauric (C12), Myristic (C14), and Palmitic (C16) are the typical fatty acids used to manufacture isopropyl esters.

Production Processes of Isopropyl Esters and its derivatives Raw material is received in the plant and is

heated before entering the reactor to form a ester through esterification . The reaction takes place at atmospheric pressure with the aid of catalyst. The reaction water is sent to the distillation column to distill off the excess alcohol for reuse. After completion of the reaction, the product is neutralized, and if necessary, distilled.

The derivatives are Isopropyl Laurate (IPL), Isopropyl Myristate (IPM), and Isopropyl Palmitate (IPM).

Flow Diagram of Isopropyl Esters Production

Uses and application of isopropyl esters

Isopropyl Laurates are used in cosmetics and lubricating oil additives.

Isopropyl Myristate is used as an emollient and lubricant in preshaves, aftershaves, shampoos, bath oils, antiperspirants, deodorants, and various creams and lotions.

Isopropyl Palmitate is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient. It is often used in moisturizes where it forms a thin layer and easily penetrates the skin. Isopropyl Palmitate is said to enhance silkiness in hair and skin.

Methyl Esters

Production Processes of Methyl Esters and its derivatives

Methyl esters were produced by transesterification of palm oil with methanol in the presence of a catalyst (KOH). The rate of transesterification in a batch reactor increased with temperature up to 60°C. (Higher temperatures did not reduce the time to reach maximal conversion. The mixture enters into the second reactor to recover the excess of methanol and enters into the washing column together with water. Next, methyl esters goes to drying stage to be dried. After that, we got methyl esters.

Flow Diagram of Production Methyl Esters

Uses and application of metyhl esters Methyl Caproate Used in production of fatty

alcohols; As a flavouring agent, emollient, perfuming agent and skin conditioning in cosmetics.

Methyl Laurate Used in production of fatty alcohols, sulphonated methyl esters (SME), alkanolamides and DDDA (dodecanedioic acid); As solvent or co-solvent, crop oil, oil carrier in agriculture; emollient in cosmetics, lubricant for food, raw material for food emulsifier, additive in inks and paints, lubricants in metal working fluids, rubber processing agent, raw material for spin finishes and oiling for textile.

Uses and application of metyhl esters Methyl Laurate-myristate Used in

production of fatty alcohols and sulphonated methyl esters (SME); As solvent or co-solvent, crop oil, oil carrier in agriculture, emollient in cosmetics, rubber processing agent.

Methyl Palmiate Used in production of fatty alcohols and sulphonated methyl esters (SME); As solvent or co-solvent in agriculture, emollient/perfuming agent in cosmetics.

POLYOL ESTERS

Production Processes of Polyol Esters and its derivatives Polyol esters are products of transesterification

of fatty acids (FAs) or FA esters with polyhydric alcohol such as trimethylolpropane (TMP).

The temperature levels were 423 K, 453 K and 483 K. The level of molar ratio of JOME:TMP were 2.5:1, 4:1 and 7.5:1. The pressure was studied at 0.5, 25 and 50 kPa and the catalyst amounts were 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%.

The derivatives are Pentaerythritol Tetraoleate, Propylene Glycol Dioleate, Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate .

Production Processes of Polyol Esters

Flow Chart of Production Polyol Esters

Uses and application of Polyol esters Pentaerythritol Tetraoleate Biodegradable

lubricity additive in formulation of high temperature metal working fluids.

Propylene Glycol Dioleate Biodegradable hydraulic fluids, low pour point lubricity additive in many different types of lubricant.

Propylene Glycol Dicaprylate/Dicaprate Solvent, vehicle, diluent, carrier for flavors and fragrance oils, colorants, vitamines, medicinals, cosmetics; Emollients for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, creams/lotions; Food additives; Used in resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings; Defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard.

REFERENCES

http://www.klkoleo.com/brand/palmester%C2%AE-fatty-esters

http://ptiph.com/PDF/ipl_ipp_ipm.pdf http://

www.klkoleo.com/brand/palmere%C2%AE-methyl-esters

http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/transesterification%20paper.pdf

file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Jatropha%20Oil%20Polyol%20Esters%20(Published,%202011,Fuel).pdf