FDR1943

Man of the Year

FDR193219341941

Eleanor Roosevelt

Cordell Hull

America’s Longest Serving Secretary of State

Nobel Peace Prize – 1945 “The Father of the United Nations”

Cordell Hull

Secretary of State 1933-1944

Cordell Hull

1940

Henry Morganthau

Secretary of the Treasury

1933-1945

Morganthau

1943

Roosevelt and Morganthau

Henry Stimson

Secretary of War1911 - 19131940 - 1945

Secretary of State1929 - 1933

Gov. Gen of the Philippines1929 - 1933

Secretary of State under Herbert HooverSecretary of War under Franklin D. Roosevelt and Truman.

Henry Stimson

Sumner WellesUnder Secretary of State

Sumner Welles and Herman Goering1940

Fr. Charles Coughlin

"The Radio Priest" 30 million weekly listeners

“Father of Hate Radio”

War Refugee Board Meeting, 21 March 1944Hull, Morganthau and Stimson

Coughlin

Coughlin

Rev. Charles Coughlin

1934

Coughlin’s weekly publication

1938 - Coughlin publishes version of “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion”

Ambassador to Italy under Roosevelt

Head of the Visa Section, Department of State

Used his position to impede the ability of Jews and other victims of Nazi persecution to seek refuge in the United States.

Breckenridge Long

Henry StimsonSecretary of War

Memo from Asst. Secretary of State Breckinridge Long,

to State Department Officials

June 26, 1940,

“effective ways to obstruct the granting of U.S. visas”

“We can delay and effectively stop for a temporary period of indefinite length the number of immigrants into the United States. We could do this by simply advising our consuls, to put every obstacle in the way and to require additional evidence and to resort to various administrative devices which would postpone and postpone and postpone the granting of the visas.”

Robert Borden Reams

US State Department

handled “Jewish Questions”for Breckenridge Long

Wilbur Carr

US Minister to Prague1937

“Father of the US Foreign Service”

George Messersmith

Asst Secretary of State

US Consul 1933-37Germany and Austria

George Messersmith

1946

Josiah DuBois

Asst. Secretary of the Treasury1944-45

Gen. Counsel War Refugee Board

McCloy spent most of his time working on issues involving postwar Germany.

John McCloy

Asst Secretary of War

Morganthau

Gerhart Riegner

World Jewish CongressRepresentative in Switzerland

Sends “Riegner Cable”to Rabbi Stephen Wise

Rabbi Stephen Wise

Reigner Cable August 28, 1942

“in Fuehrer's headquarters plan under consideration to exterminate at one blow this fall three and half to four millions Jews following deportation from countries occupied, controlled by Germany”

from Gerhard Reigner in Switzerland to Rabbi Stephen Wise

RECEIVED ALARMING REPORT THAT IN FUHRER'S HEADQUARTERS PLAN DESCUSSED AND UNDER CONSIDERATION ACCORDING TO WHICH ALL JEWS IN COUNTRIES OCCUPIED OR CONTROLLED GERMANY NUMBERING 3½ FOUR MILLION SHOULD AFTER DEPORTATION AND CONCENTRATION IN EAST BE EXTERMINATED AT ONE BLOW TO RESOLVE ONCE FOR ALL THE JEWISH QUESTION IN EUROPE STOP

ACTION REPORTED PLANNED FOR AUTUMN

METHODS UNDER DISCUSSION INCLUDING PRUSSIC ACID STOP WE TRANSMIT INFORMATION WITH ALL NECESSARY RESERVATION AS EXACTITUDE CANNOT BE CONFIRMED STOP

Riegner Telegram

Francis Perkins

Secretary of Labor1933-1945

Harold IckesSecretary of the Interior

1933-1946

Evian International Conference on Refugees July 1938

Evian International Conference on Refugees

July 1938

The American Delegate:

"We are coming to try to figure out what to do for the Jews, but no nation will be asked to take any

more Jews than its quota already allows."

“The Bergson Boys”

led a dissident group of Zionists known in the United States as the Emergency Committee to Save the Jewish People of Europe..

Peter Bergson (Hillel Kook)

Rabbi Stephen Wise

Rabbis’ March on Washington1943

‘We Will Never Die” Pageant in New York, 1943

“We will never die”

NYC, 1943

Elmo Roper poll 1939 53 percent of Americans feel

“Jews are “different” and require “social and economic restrictions.”

Gallup poll 1939 83 percent of Americans

“oppose the admission of a larger number of Jewish refugees.”

Jan KarskiCourier from the Polish Underground

Franklin D. Roosevelt and Henry Morgenthau Poughkeepsie, New York 

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Livadia Palace in Yalta (9 FEB 1945)

1940Washington, DC

Charles Lindbergh

Franklin D. Roosevelt and King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia at Great Bitter Lake in Egypt 14 Feb 1945

Franklin D. Roosevelt and King Farouk of Egypt at Great Bitter Lake in Egypt, 13 Feb 1945

Franklin D. Roosevelt, Stalin, Churchill in Teheran, Iran (11 NOV 1943)