Fig. 1

Kanamycin concentration in mg l-1a

% R

egen

erat

ion

inh

ibit

ion

Max

imu

m n

um

ber

of

GU

S f

oci

/ ex

pla

nt

Portion of Leaf

% R

egen

erat

ing

exp

lan

ts

b

Fig. 2

% Regenerating explantsMaximum number of GUS foci / explant

a b c d

Fig. 3

d

% R

egen

erat

ing

exp

lan

ts

Max

imu

m n

um

ber

of

GU

S f

oci

/ ex

pla

nt

Co-cultivation duration in daysc

% R

egen

erat

ing

exp

lan

ts

Max

imu

m n

um

ber

of

GU

S f

oci

/ ex

pla

nt

Acetosyringone concentration in µM

a

% R

egen

erat

ing

exp

lan

ts

Max

imu

m n

um

ber

of

GU

S f

oci

/ ex

pla

nt

Bacterial Density at OD600

b

% R

egen

erat

ing

exp

lan

ts

Max

imu

m n

um

ber

of

GU

S f

oci

/ ex

pla

nt

Co-inoculation duration in minutes

Fig. 4

% Regenerating explantsMaximum number of GUS foci / explant

% Regenerating explantsMaximum number of GUS foci / explant

% Regenerating explantsMaximum number of GUS foci / explant% Regenerating explants

Maximum number of GUS foci / explant

Fig. 5

ba c d

j

k

h if g

e

l m n o

a b

600 bp720 bp

1 2 3 4 5 6 +C -C M 1 2 3 4 5 6 +C -C M

c

Withaferin A

Withanone

Withanolide A

Fig. 6

1 2 3

Supplementary Fig. 1 Schematic representation of chimeric vector pIG121Hm used in Withania coagulans transformation. LB left border; Pnos nopaline synthase promoter; nptII neomycin phosphotransferase gene; Tnos nopaline synthase terminator; P35S CaMV Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter; gusA intron containing β-glucuronidase gene; hptII hygromycin phosphotransferase gene and RB right border of T-DNA.

EcoRIHindIII

Pnos Tnos TnosP35S hptIIIntron-gusA

LB

SacI

XbaIBamHI

SalISalI BamHI

RB

TnosnptII P35S