NREGA

Group 10Ravi Shanker 280/45 Rahul Meena 276/45

Srikanth Kolli 208/45 Krishnenthu Raja 222/45

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act

Wage Employment ProgramsHistorical Perspective

• Maharashtra Model

• Bureaucracy

• Shortage of funds

• Lack of right planning

• Lack of local focus

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA)

“Act of the people, by the people, and for the people”

NREGA - OverviewSalient Features

Employment to all those who are willing to work (100 days)

Unlimited supply of funds for this project

Free registration with a job guarantee within 15 days of application

At least 1/3rd of the employees must be women

Fixed minimum wage rate and no upper limit

Weekly disbursement of wages and delays not beyond a fortnight

Objective of NREGA

Unemployment Sustained Development

• Enhancement of

livelihood security

of households• Arrest rural

migration

• Create rural assets

• Create livelihood

resource base• Restore

environment

Expectations from NREGA

Expectations from NREGA

Process OutcomesStrengthen grass root processes of democracy Infuse transparency and accountability in governance

Auxiliary Regenerate natural resource base of rural livelihood for sustainable development

Primary Supplement employment opportunities

NREGA COVERAGE (1st Nationwide employment scheme )

State and Local Govt.Roles and Responsibilities

State and Local GovernmentState Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (REGS)

• 25 per cent of the cost of material and wages for semi-skilled/ skilled workers

• Unemployment allowance if the state is unable to provide employment within 15 days

• Administrative expenses of the State Employment Guarantee Council

Other Institutions

Funds

FundsNREGA ‘09 Budget Allocation -39,000 Cr.

Central Govt. provides only 75% of the material costs, promoting labour intensive works in NREGA

Components of Expenditure

• Material Cost

• Tamilnadu and Mizoram have achieved almost

Zero expense on material

• Orissa has high Material expenses owing to

“royalties”

• Expenditure on Wages

• Administrative expenses

• Nagaland and Gujarat have high

administrative expenses

A Snapshot for 07-08

Progress Report

Implementation & Effectiveness of NREGA

144 Crore person-days of employment

34 Mn Households benefited

• Improved – ‘employment per rural household’, share of women in workforce, expenditure per district, share of wages in total expenditure

•Decreased % of ST’s benefiting from NREGA•Increase in daily wages by whopping 15%•Improved utilization of funds from 73% to 80%

State wise performance

State wise performance

Leaders Laggards

• Rajasthan, Madhya

Pradesh and

Chhattisgarh

• Account for more

than half of the total

employment

• Haryana and

Uttarakhand

• Improved Women

workforce

• Bihar, Gujarat,

Haryana,

Maharashtra, Punjab

and West Bengal

• Perform worse

than previous years

• Punjab, Bihar and

HP

• Less than 33%

women workforce

WOMEN 43%

•Tamil Nadu (82%)

•Rajasthan (69%)

•Kerala (67%)

•Andhra Pradesh (56%)

•Karnataka (52%)

•Gujarat (49%)

•UP (15%)

•J&K(1%)At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries shall be women who have registered and requested for work under the Scheme (NREGA ACT, Schedule II, Section 6) Year-2007-08

Participation of Women

Regenerating Natural Resource Base of Rural Livelihood

Community BuildingBuilding Rural India

Field Visit To Block Office

Facts

• 3000 beneficiaries in 2009 out of 30,000 bpl households

• 10% women < state average of 17%

• All projects are on rural connectivity

• Rs 80 a day as base

• Observations

• Central role of Gram Panchayat

• Unlimited funds, yet Delays in wage checks and Job cards

• No record of measuring asset creation

Case : NREGA in Kerala

NREGA in Kerala

• Highest literacy rate (90.86)

• Very high rate of unemployment

• Tendency to link literacy to employment (myth)

• First implemented on 5th Feb 2006

• Only in 4 districts (Palakkad, Waynad, Idukki and Kasargod)

• These districts had very low unemployment rate

Major features

• Popularity of Trade Unions

• Village Panchayats played the pivotal role with the help of technical staffs

• Effectiveness of ‘Kudumbasree’– Organized into Neighborhood group (NHG) Area

Development Society (ADS) Community Development Society (CDS)

– ADS played a pivotal part in NREGA

Major features

• Focus on eco-restoration works

• Wages are paid directly to individual bank accounts

Problems• Lag in the implementation (only 4/14

districts)

Problems

• Minimal participation from SC’s and ST’s

• One of the lowest

Achievements

• Major progresses after 2007• Total corruption free implementation

– Panchayats took the responsibility seriously– Implemented the programme very fast

• Effectiveness of Kudumbasree system– Community of poor people– Created a feeling of unity among them– Doing work for their localities created an

urgency

Achievements

• Participation of women– Helped to empower women

– Participated in important decisions of her family and society

– Equal wage for men and women

AchievementsParticipation of women in NREGA

Achievements

• Public works done by local peoples– Reduced corruption– Increased urgency

• Importance given to natural resource management and environment protection

• Setup of Labour Banks– Develop skills of the workers– Panchayats to teach Panchayats

Way Ahead

Way Ahead• NREGA is here to stay

Monitor the programme effectively

Village level resource planning and development

Other development programs like Bharat Nirman

should sync with NREGA

From quantitative employment generation to

sustainable development through asset building

• Representatives

Proper election and training

More power to Panchayat Raj

Thank You