Post on 22-Dec-2014
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DIRECT QUESTIONS:
A sentence that asks a question and always ends with a question mark.
EXAMPLES:
*Where are you going? (Wh Question)
*Will you travel by train or by boat? (Alternative Question)
*Are they ready? (Yes/No Question)
INDIRECT QUESTIONS:
They are often used to be more polite or tentative when you´re asking a question. We use If/Either for Yes/No type indirect questions.
EXAMPLES:
*Do you know when the concert begins?
*I wonder when he will arrive.
*Can you tell me how to check out a book?
These prepositions are used to indicate actual position, and they can also be used in expressions.
EXAMPLES:
*Someone is at the door. (To show a specific place or position)
*The cat sat on the floor. (Shows that something taking place is on something)
*The dog is in the garden. (Shows that something taking place is inside)
This prepositions define time.
EXAMPLES:
*I have a meeting at 9 a.m. (Precise time)
*In England, it often snows in December. (Months, years, centuries and long periods)
*Her birthday is on November 20. (Days and dates)
Can be used to show movement.
EXAMPLES:
*He arrived at the party. (We use at with arrive)
*I moved to Germany in 1998. (Show movement of a specific destination)
*I walked into the house. (To move to an inside area)
*The dog was running towards me. (Moving in a particular direction)
Actions that are repeated or habitual.
EX: *I get up at 9 a.m.
States
EX: *I like coffee.
Statements that are always truth.
EX: *The sun sets in the west.
Is used for actions that have begun but not finished. It can also be used to talk about future arrangements.
EXAMPLES:
*I think she´s revising. (Actions happening now)
*She´s always borrowing money from me. (Annoying or surprising habbits with always)
Fairly usually modifies adjectives and adverbs. It does not suggest a high degree.
EXAMPLE:*That house is fairly big. It has 2 bedrooms.
Quite suggest a higher degree than fairly. It can be used with a/an + noun. It can modify verbs and nouns as well as adjectives and adverbs.
EXAMPLE:*I´m quite tired but I can work more.
Pretty is stronger than quite. It can suggest more than was expected and similar ideas.
EXAMPLE:*That´s a pretty cool laptop.
A bit is often used with the same meaning as little.
EXAMPLE:*That sounds a bit depressing, don´t you think?
Really is used to show emphasis. It can be used with adjectives, adverbs and verbs.
EXAMPLE:*The FCE is really important for me.
Extremely, incredibly and terribly are also used to show emphasis. They are used in a similar way to very, but they are stronger.
EXAMPLES:*I´m terribly sorry.
*We were extremely amazed with cirque du solei.
*She was incredibly happy for seeing him
To a higher degree (comparative form + than)
EXAMPLE:
*New York is more exciting than Seattle.
To the same degree (so…as)
EXAMPLE:
*Yesterday was so hot as today.
To a lower degree (comparative: with less + than) (superlative: the least)
EXAMPLES:
*This book is less expensive than that one.
*That joke was the least fun I´ve ever heard
Not as…as
EXAMPLE:
*Last test wasn´t as difficult as this one.
As…as
EXAMPLE:
*That painting is as beautiful as the other one.
When the object is the same person/thing as the subject.
EXAMPLE:
*He talks about himself.
When you want to emphasise the subject or object.
EXAMPLE:
*I´d like to talk to the girl herself
With by to mean alone.
EXAMPLE:
*Those girls were in the house by themselves.
To mean “without the help of others” (on my own/on his own).
EXAMPLE:
*She makes her clothes on her own.
To mean “alone” (on my own/on his own)
EXAMPLE:
*He went to the park on his own.
To mean “belonging to no other person” (my own/her own).
EXAMPLE:
*I live in my own house.
PAST SIMPLE:-To talk about events in the past that a re now finished.
EXAMPLE:
*I saw a movie yesterday.
-To talk about habits in the past.
EXAMPLE:
*I studied French when I was a child.
-To talk about situations in the past.
EXAMPLE:
*When I was your age, I played the violin.
-In reported speech
EXAMPLE:
*He said he didn´t travel to Korea.
PAST CONTINUOUS:*Last night at 6 p.m. we were eating dinner. (Actions in progress in the past)
*Last summer, I was working at a hotel. (Temporary situations at the past)
*She was going to the movies, but her mom was in the hospital so she decided not to go. (Anticipated events that did not happen)
*I was watching T.V. when she called. (An event that was in progress when another event happened)
*While the phone was ringing, she was writing a letter. (Actions in progress at the same time in the past)
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE:-To refer to a time earlier than a nother past time.
EXAMPLE:
*Before I came here, I had spoken to Jake.
-In reported speech.
EXAMPLE:
*She said she had seen him yesterday.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS:-Using the past perfect continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect.
EXAMPLE:
*Sam gained weight because he had been eating a lot.
AS:-Usually introduce less important information and often go at the beginning of the sentence
EXAMPLE:
*As everyone knows, the sun is hot.
-Is used to talk about two situations which develop or change together.
EXAMPLE:
*As I get closer, I can see things better.
WHEN:-We often use when to refer to periods of life.
EXAMPLE:
*When I was young, I used to live in London.
WHILE:-We usually use while to describe two longer actions or situations going on at the same time.
EXAMPLE:
*While you were sleeping, I was making dinner.
Eventually/finally:-Mean “in the end”. We use them to say that something happensa after a long time or a lot of effort.
EXAMPLE:
*After a long time, she eventually/finally came home.
At first/to begin with:-Refer to the beginning of a situation, to make a contrast with something different that happens later.
EXAMPLE:
*At first/to begin with he was really happy, but then he got sad with no reason.
as soon as:-Can be used to talk about two actions or events that happen very quickly one after the other.
EXAMPLE:
*As soon as the news appeared in T.V., everyone was freaked out.
AFTER/AFTERWARDS/AFTER THAT:-After is not usually used alone. Instead we use other expressions like afterwards or after that.
EXAMPLE:
*Sandra washed the dishes after they had finished eating.
*We had lunch and afterwards we went to the cinema.
*First we went to the movies. After that we went for some coffee.
By the time:-Is used before a verb and means “not later than”.
EXAMPLE:
*By the time you arrive, they will have eaten dinner.
CAN:-We use can to ask for and give permission.
EXAMPLE:
*You can play with me if you want.
COULD:-We use could to ask for permission qhen you are not sure what the anser will be.
EXAMPLE:
*Could I use your computer to email my boss?
MAY:-We use may to ask for or give permission in formal situations.
EXAMPLE:
*May I use your telephone?
OUGHT TO/SHOULD:-We use should and ought to to talk about obligations and duties in the future, present and past.
EXAMPLE:
*I should/ought to study more.
MUST:*We must hurry. (Talk about present and future strong obligations and necessities that come from the speaker)
*Must I call them? (Ask about what the listener wants you to do)
*You mustn´t drink and drive. (Tell people not to do things)
NEEDN´T/DON´T NEED/DON´T HAVE TO:-To talk about a lack of obligation in the present or future.
EXAMPLE:
*We needn´t/don´t need/don´t have to do it.
-We use used to to talk about past habits and states that do not occur now or longer exist.
EXAMPLES:
*I used to go to the beach every day.
*Jerry used to study english.
-Would is also used to talk about pas habits and repeated actions but nor about past states.
EXAMPLES:
*When they first met, they would always have picnics on the beach.
*When he was young, he would always do his homework.