First Political PartiesFederalists

VersusDemocratic-Republicans

Washington’s Cabinet

• Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson

• Secretary of War- Henry Knox• Attorney General- Edmund

Randolph• Postmaster General- Samuel

Osgood• Secretary of Treasury- Alexander

Hamilton

“National Debt is a National Blessing” Hamilton’s Financial Program (FABET)

• Funding at Par• Assumption of State Debts • A National Bank (1st BUS)• Excise Taxes• Tariff

First Bank of the United States

• 20 Year Charter• 1/5 Stock Owned by Congress• 4/5’s Private• Monopoly on

ALLALL Gov’tTransactions

Opposition

• Speaker of the House• Original Bondholders Should be

Paid• States that had paid Debts Should

not Pay that of States Who Had NOT

• Let’s Make A Deal Over Dinner• No Bank-Unconstitutional • 1st Use of “Necessary and Proper”

Clause

Hamiltonians (Federalist Party)

• Rich• Wise• Well-to Do• Well-Born• Strong Central Government• Favor Mercantile & Financial

Interests• North & East

Jeffersonians (Democratic-Republican Party)

• Yeoman Farmers• State’s Rights• Free Press• Democracy• South & West

Constitutional Issues

• Broad versus Strict Interpretation• National versus State Authority• Whiskey Rebellion, 1793-94

“Just the DAY for a Whisky Rebellion,” said Aunt Polly and off

she ran, lipperty-lipperty-lip, to get a few shooting rifles.

“Oh goody goody,” cried little Emily. “Now we can all shoot at

those horrid Revenue Officers,” for the collectors of internal revenue were far from popular with these kindly Pennsylvania folk and Aunt

Polly Pinkwood had often promised the children that if they were good some day they would be allowed to

take a shot at a Revenue Officer

Jefferson on the Whiskey Rebellion

• “I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good thing”

• “Rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God."

• "The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.It is its natural manure.”

Foreign Issues Enter

• French Revolution• Franco-American Alliance• Washington’s Proclamation of

Neutrality• Citizen Genet’s Mission to U.S.• Jay’s Treaty• Pinckney’s Treaty

“Citizen” Edmund Charles Genet

Jay’s Treaty, 1794

• No War• Fishing Rts.• Trade• NW Garrisons• Impressment?• ??????????

Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795

• Navigation• Right of Deposit• SW Border Settled• Trade

Washington’s Farewell Address1796

• No Third Term (Farewell)• No Permanent Military Alliances• Keep the Public Credit Sound• Avoid Political Parties, esp.

geographical ones

Legacy?

"There is an elegant memorial in Washington to Jefferson, but none to Hamilton.  However, if you seek Hamilton's monument, look around.  You are living in it.  We honor Jefferson, but live in Hamilton's country, a mighty industrial nation with a strong central government.“

George Will, 1992