Transcription

By: Beth Barnet

Cell NucleusA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC

TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

Promoter RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC

TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

RNA Polymerase

Promoter RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC

TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

RNA Polymerase

Promoter RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

Promoter Region

mRNA mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

Promoter Region

mRNA mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

Promoter Region

mRNA mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

Promoter Region

mRNA mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

Promoter Region

mRNA mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA TCoding Region

mRNA mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA UCoding Region

U CC

mRNAmRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA UCoding Region

U CC UA C

mRNA mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA UCoding Region

U CC UA C U CG

mRNAmRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA UCoding Region

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA UCoding Region

A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC

A GG

TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA UCoding Region

A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC

A GG GAU

TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA UCoding Region

A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A C A GG G TT A A AGT GC

A GG GAU A GC

TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA UCoding Region

A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Transcription Summary

First, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates it. Then the RNA polymerase creates mRNA to read the DNA strand. Once the mRNA reaches a stop codon, it is released from the nucleus.

Translation

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNANuc

lear

Por

e

Nuc

lear

Por

e

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A GG GAU A GC U AGG A CU

mRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Nuc

lear

Por

e

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A GG GAU A GC U AGA CU

mRNA

CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Nuc

lear

Por

e

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A GG GAU A GC U AGA CU

mRNA

U C U CG UCA

mRNA

Nuc

lear

Por

e

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A GG GAU A GC U AGA CU

mRNA

C UCA

mRNA

Nuc

lear

Por

e

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A GG GAU A GC U AGA CU

mRNAmRNA

Nuc

lear

Por

e

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

G GAU A GC U AG

mRNA

Nuc

lear

Por

e

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

A GC U AG

mRNA

Nuc

lear

Por

e

Coding RegionA C A GG G TT A A AGT GC TT CACGA T T C GCC A T

GA U U C

mRNA

Cytoplasm

GA U U CC UA C

mRNA

Cytoplasm

GA UmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Cytoplasm

AGA U A CU

mRNAU CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Cytoplasm

A GG GAUGA U A CU

mRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Cytoplasm

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Cytoplasm

C A GG GAU A GC U AGA CU

mRNA

C UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Cytoplasm

C A GG GAU A GC U AGA CU

mRNA

C U CG UCA

mRNA

Cytoplasm

C A GG GAU A GC U AGA CU

mRNA

C UCA

mRNA

Cytoplasm

C A GG GAU A GC U AGA CU

mRNA

Cytoplasm

CGG GAU A GC U AG

mRNA

Cytoplasm

CG A GC U AG

mRNA

Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

Ribosome

Ribosome

GA U U CC

mRNA

Ribosome

GA U U CC UA C U CG

mRNA

Ribosome

GA U AU

mRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Ribosome

A GGA U A CU

mRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Ribosome

A GG GAU ACGA U A CU

mRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U

A C

tRNA

A

G G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U

A C A

G GU

A G

Peptide Bond

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U A C A

G G

U

A G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U A C

A

G GU

A G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

G G

U

A G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

G G U

A G

C

A GRibosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A G G U

A G

C

A G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A G G U

A G

C

A G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A G G U

A G

C

A G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

G U

A G

C

A G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U

A G

C

A G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U A G

U

G A

C

A GU

G A

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U A G

C

A GU

G A

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U A G

C

A GU

G A

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U A G

C

A G U

G A

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

C

A G U

G A

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

C A G U

G A

A

U GRibosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

C A G U

G A

A

U GRibosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

C A G U

G A

A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

C A G U

G A

A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A G U

G A

A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U

G A A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U G A A

U G

U

C CRibosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U G A

U

C C

A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U G A

U

C C

A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U G A

U

C C

A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U G A

U

C C

A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U G A

U

C C

A

U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U

C C

A U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U C

U

C CA U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U C

U

C CA U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U C

U

C CA U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U C

U

C CA U G

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U C

U

C C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U C

U C C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U CG

U C

U C C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U CG

U C

U C C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U CG

U C

U C C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U CG

U C

U C C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U CG

U C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A

U C G

U C

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A U C G

U C

A

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNAA

U C G

U CA

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAU A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A U C G

U CA

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U U C G

U CA

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U U C G

U CA

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

U U C G

U CA

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

G

U C A

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

G U C A

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

G U C A

C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

G U C

A C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

G U C

A C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

G U C

A C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

G U C

A C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

A C U

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CUmRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC U AGGA U A CU

mRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC UG A CU

mRNA

U CC UA C U CG UCA

mRNA

Ribosome

A GG GAA A GC UG A CUU CC UA C U CG UCA

Completed Protein

MET SER STOPGINLYSGLUTYRTHRVALILE

Translation Summary

First, smRNA creates a ribosome complex. Next, the mRNA binds to the ribosome to be read. Then, tRNA brings in the amino acids. These amino acids are then bonded together by peptide bonds. When the ribosome reads the stop codon, the last amino acid is bonded to the others and the protein is complete.