Flowering Plants

ByNeil Bronks

The Parts of a Flower

• Most flowers have four parts:

• sepals,• petals,• stamens,• carpels.

The parts of a flower

• Sepals protect the bud until it opens.

• Petals attract insects.

• Stamens make pollen.

• Carpels grow into fruits which contain the seeds.

Stamen (male)

• Anther: pollen grains grow in the anther.

• When the grains are fully grown, the anther splits open.

Pistil (female)

• Stigma• Style• Carpel (ovary)• Ovules (eggs)

Parts of a Flowering Plant

Male Parts

Anther

Filament

Together called the STAMEN

Female Parts

Stigma

Style

Ovule

Ovary

Together called the CARPEL

Pollination• Flowering plants

use the wind, insects, bats, birds and mammals to transfer pollen from the male (stamen) part of the flower to the female (stigma) part of the flower.

Pollination

• A flower is pollinated when a pollen grain lands on its stigma.

• Each carpel grows into a fruit which contains the seeds.

Fertilisation

• Fertilised ovules develop into seeds.

• The carpel enlarges to form the flesh of the fruit and to protect the ovary.

PollenPollen is produced in the ANTHER

The anther explodes and pollen just goes everywhere

Some of the pollen sticks on the STIGMA

The pollen goes down a small tube to the EGG

There are lots of eggs in most plant ovaries.

Pollen Sexual reproduction is where two different cells meet

Sex cells are called GAMETES

Pollen is the male gamete

The female gamete is the EGG

When the pollen and egg meet this is called FERTILISATION

Ways to Scatter Pollen

Wind Insect

Wind Scattered Pollen

Anthers

Outside

Carry a large amount of very small pollen.

Petals

Small and green

No Scent or Nectar

Examples-

Grass

Oak Trees

Wind pollination

• Some flowers, such as grasses, do not have brightly coloured petals and nectar to attract insects.

• They do have stamens and carpels.

• These flowers are pollinated by the wind.

Insect Scattered PollenPetals

Colourful

Scented

Contain sweet liquid called

NECTAR

Anthers contain a small amount of large pollenExample

Roses

Dandelions

Fertilisation

When the male gamete POLLEN

Gets inside the female gamete or EGG

They form a ZYGOTE

This is the first cell of a new plant

Zygote

• The zygote grows to form a baby plant

• The first cells divide and form an EMBRYO

Zygote

• The embryo starts to become a root

• If the flower has lots of ovules it makes lots of seeds (Apples)

Seed or Fruit Formation

Testa

Food Supply(OIL and STARCH)

Plumule (Stem)Radicle (Root)The two together make the

EMBRYO

Germination – When?

Seeds Germination

Lateral roots form

Next the shoot grows up to the light

Embryo becomes primitive root

The first leavesZygote

forms here

Wet and warm conditions

Seed dispersal

Seeds are dispersed in many different ways:

• Wind• Explosion• Water• Animals• Birds

Seed DispersalThe carrying of the seed (and its surrounding fruit) as far away from the parent plant as possible

WIND

Dandelion

Sycamore

ANIMALS

EATEN

Berries

STICKY

Thistles

SELF DISPERSAL

Fruit Wall (Pod)

Pod bursts and flings seeds out

WATER DISPERSAL

A floating seed is carried by sea or river

How birds and animals help seed dispersal

• Some seeds are hidden in the ground as a winter store.

• Some fruits have hooks on them and cling to fur or clothes.

How birds and animals help seed dispersal

• Birds and animals eat the fruits and excrete the seeds away from the parent plant.

Asexual ReproductionA plant produces another plant without involving a second plant

No gamete cells are used.

The plant sends out runners

Summary

H/Wp 188-190

Q 5,6,9,11,12,15