Post on 11-Apr-2017
transcript
Dr Sanjika Perera 1
Foot and mouth outbreak
Veterinary Range AttanagallaSri Lanka
Dr Sanjika Perera 2
A brief introduction of Foot and mouth disease
Dr Sanjika Perera 3
• FMD is a highly contagious disease sometimes fatal.
• In cloven footed animals including cattle buffalo, sheep goat and pigs.
• Also in wild animals such as deer antelopes and bison
• Elephants and hedgehogs are susceptible too.
Dr Sanjika Perera 4
• In laboratory conditions mice and rats even chickens can be infected
• Other animals including humans dogs and wolves play a major role in spreading the disease.
Dr Sanjika Perera 5
• in 1897 Friedrich Loeffler established the fact that it ia cause by a virus.
• Occurred through out the world Specially in Asia Africa and south America.
• Some countries free from it such as North America, Australia and new Zealand.
• European union has stopped the vaccination
History
Dr Sanjika Perera 6
• 2001- a serious outbreak in Britain resulted in postpone of general elections and major sporting events.
• 2007 again in England • 2010 in Japan.• Total number of 270000 cattle
slaughtered
Dr Sanjika Perera 7
• Causative agent Aphthovirus in family Picornaviridae RNA virus
• There are seven serotypes:O,A,C,SAT-1,SAT-2,SAT-3, and ASIA -
1O is most common and others show
regionality
Dr Sanjika Perera 8
lassification
and
external resources
Dr Sanjika Perera 9
Clinical signs• Incubation period 2-12 days• Characteristic by high fever• foaming or stringy saliva- drooling
saliva due to blisters.• Lameness due to rupture of blisters in
the feet causing lameness.• In adult weight loss, decreased milk
yield swollen testicles can be noted.• May lead to myocarditis and death
especially in the calves.• Some are symptomatic –but act as
carries.
Dr Sanjika Perera 12
Dr Sanjika Perera 13
Same animal as above with four day old lesions
Dr Sanjika Perera 14
Steers foot
Dr Sanjika Perera 15
Transmission• Close contact –animal to animal• Long distance-by aerosols• Fomite and inanimate objects fodder
and vehicles• Clothes and skin of animal handles,
farmers standing water uncooked feed supplements containing infected animal products.
• And cows can catch it through semen of infected bulls.
Dr Sanjika Perera 16
Prevention.• Vaccination• Seven serotypes• Like other viruses FMD virus
continuously evolves and mutates.• No cross protection• Even within serotype there are different
strains.• Vaccine should be highly specific for the
strain involved.• But vaccination only provides a
temporary immunity that
Dr Sanjika Perera 17
Categorization of the countries according to oie
regarding FMD status. • FMD present with or without
vaccination • FMD –free with vaccination• FMD –free without vaccination• Important• Countries with FMD free without
vaccination status have greater access to export market.
Dr Sanjika Perera 18
FMD outbreak in the Attanagalla vs
range.2008• Case historyFarmers name and address Mr.Danie
Shantha, Nagoda Urapola.Size of the herd.4 cows.Complain :anorexic lethargic animal
with lameness.
Dr Sanjika Perera 19
• Clinical examination revealed lesions in buccal mucosa and the hooves in all four animals,
Dr Sanjika Perera 20
Attanagalla Veterinary Range
Dr Sanjika Perera 21
Dr Sanjika Perera 22
Dr Sanjika Perera 23
Dr Sanjika Perera 24
Dr Sanjika Perera 25
Dr Sanjika Perera 26
Dr Sanjika Perera 27
Source of infection• The infected animals said to be in
close contact with an bull with a lameness which was released to Attanagalla Rajamaha Vihara. This was not a established fact.
Dr Sanjika Perera 28
Spread of the disease After the initial outbreak in Nagoda
on 04th January 2008.Four infected cattle found in Kattota
area on 5th January 2008. on the same day 5 animals found to be infected in the Mangalathiriya area.
Dr Sanjika Perera 29
confirmation• After the initial sample collection by VIO
Welisara blood was collected by VRO, VRI
• Antibodies of serum sample were detected by using ELISA Kit.
• Viral detection kit was not available.• FMD virus is found to be O serotype
strain.
Dr Sanjika Perera 30
Disease control• Ring vaccination started
immediately • Vaccination done from 5th 0f
January 2008 to 10th January 2008 continuously.
• 981 animals were vaccinated including cattle pigs and goats.
Dr Sanjika Perera 31
• No new cases were reported after 5th January 2008.
• Sent weekly reports (nil) for seven weeks
Dr Sanjika Perera 32
Discussion• Spread of disease is curtailed by• the prompt diagnosis of the disease
with the help of vio Welisara.• And vaccination of all the animals who
are not vaccinated recently irrespective of state of the animal ( eg.Pregnant animals )
• Rapid and prompt vaccination by the staff within very short period of time just used only seven days.
Dr Sanjika Perera 33
• Though the FMD is a major disease in domesticated farm animal in Sri Lanka, very few research papers published and very few studies done on the subject.
• the economic impact of the FMD is not studied thoroughly.
• The transmission of the disease is not established convincingly.
Dr Sanjika Perera 34
Thank you