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FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION SYSTEM FOR URBAN ENERGY APPLICATION TO RUN AC AND DC
LOADSUnder the guidance of
Mr. DINESH SHETTY B.E, M Tech Asst
professor E&C Dept.
By,
Akshay Kumar NRanith RamachandranAjith K S
AIM:
• Design and implementation of energy harvesting system by converting energy due to human locomotion to usable form
• Done with the help of piezo electric sensor
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 2
Fig1:footstep Fig2:Street light operation
INTRODUCTION
•Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well-being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago.
•With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels. •At last invention of electricity is done, from were all these revolutions were began
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
(Contd.)
• But as the population increased the energy requirement also increased
• He searched for new method but all was need to be obsolete in front of growing population and technology
• At the same time was energy was wasted in many ways and reconstructing this energy back to usable form was the question
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PROBLEM FORMULATION & SOLVING
• As technology is developed use of electronics equipment also increased.
• Conventional methods of power generation becoming insufficient.
• It introduced a new problem, lack of power.• There is a need arises for an alternative power
generation method• At the same time energy is wasted in many form and one
of them is due to the human locomotion
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Contd.
• This waste of energy can be converted to usable form using the help of piezo electric sensor
• Piezoelectric sensor is a device which can convert pressure upon it into voltage.
• We know that energy can be neither be created and nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another
• By using this energy conservation theorem and piezo sensor we are proposing a new method for power generation.
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LITERATURE REVIEW:
1.Mechatronics (ICOM), 2011 4th International Conference by Fakhzan, M.N.,Muthalif, A.G.A.A beam with piezoceramic patches have been used as a
method to harvest energy.A unimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam generates electric
current or voltage from the piezoelectric strain effect.2.International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research by Anil Kumar Ability of piezoelectric material to couple mechanical and
electrical properties.
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
When a piezoelectric is strained it produces an electric field.
Piezoelectric materials have long been used as sensors and actuators.
3. Generation of Electrical Power through Foot steps K.Ramakrishna, Guruswamy Revana and Venu Madhav Gopaka International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research 20 Sept 2014, Vol.2Diaphragm movement in certain material will cause
generation of electric chargePressure polarizes some crystals, such as quartz.
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 8
Contd.
When a piezoelectric is strained it produces an electric field.
Piezoelectric materials have long been used as sensors and actuators.
3. Generation of Electrical Power through Foot steps K.Ramakrishna, Guruswamy Revana and Venu Madhav Gopaka International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research 20 Sept 2014, Vol.2Diaphragm movement in certain material will cause
generation of electric chargePressure polarizes some crystals, such as quartz.
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 9
Contd.
METHODOLOGY
The working of footstep power generation system involves three distinct phases. Sensor interface and Transducing: Consists array of piezoelectric sensorsKinetic energy is converted into electrical energyProcessing:Here the generated degraded vibrating voltage will be fed to
different blocks of circuit element to get a proper output
Storage:Resultant output will be stored in a battery
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
FUNCTIONAL PARTITIONING
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 11Fig3:Block diagram
WORKING When ever pressure is applied on piezoelectric sensor
that pressure is converted into Electrical energy That minute voltage which is stored in the Lead Acid
battery. That voltage is used to drive DC loads. Here we are using PIC16F778 to display the amount of
battery get charged.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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SENSOR INTERFACE CIRCUIT
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PIEZO SENSER
PROTECTION SHEET
C1
100 pF
R1
100 k
D1
DIODE
BAT1
9 V
To adc1
vdd
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
Fig5: sensor interface circuit
PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR
• It is a device converts applied pressure into voltage by detecting the mechanical vibration
• Here an array of 10 piezoelectric sensors are used for generation of power
• The array will produce maximum 9v with 100mA current
• lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and multilayer polyvinylidene fluo- ride (PVDF) are the 2 types of sensor in market
• The voltage from the sensor array is fed to a filter
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FILTERING OPERATION
• Generally a capacitor is used as filter to remove the AC content in the sensor output and to get pure DC
• A capacitor is a storage device will store voltage for a minute time with charging and discharging phenomenon
• It will acts as short circuit for AC and acts as open circuit for DC
• The filter output is fed to unidirectional current controller
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UNIDIRECTIONAL CURRENT CONTROLLER
• General examples for unidirectional current controllers are Diodes and Thyristors.
• They will make the current flow in one direction by conducting to only one side
• Here it is used to prevent the flow of current back to piezoelectric sensor
• This voltage is then fed to the Battery for storing and Voltage divider circuit to provide reference voltage to LCD
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LEAD ACID BATTERY
• A Battery is an array of electrochemical cell for electricity storage
• Here we are using a Lead acid battery to store the voltage generated by the sensor circuit
• Here three 4v batteries are connected in series so that it can hold 12v.
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VOLTAGE DIVIDER CIRCUIT
Voltage divider is a passive linear circuit that produces an o/p voltage that is fraction of an I /p voltage.
Here we can’t apply 12v directly to the microcontroller so that it divide by using voltage divider circuit.
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DISPLAY INTERFACE
20 ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation SystemFig5:display interface
PIC16F877 MICROCONTROLLER
• Microcontroller is chip is burned with firmware to achieve a specific task
• Here PIC16F877 is used for displaying purpose• Some of it’s pins functions are,
ADC0,ADC1 are used to display the voltage16MHz crystal is used to generate oscillating
frequencyRS pin is used to select the registerEnable pin is used to enable the write operationRC0-RC7 pins are used as parallel portsPin VEE is used to adjust the contrast of display 21
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
• Here a 16*2 Display is used to display the voltage status of power generation circuit
• It is also provided with a contrast adjusting pin
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Fig6: 16x2 LCD
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start
Initialize LCD and ADC
Display welcome message
If charging
Display battery charge full Display charging
if sw==1
Display on chargeDisplay mobile charger OFF
ADC Read
Display voltage
FLOWCHART OF DISPLAY CODE
NO YES
NO YES
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
RESULT
A power harvesting system is designed and implemented using piezo sensor and voltage is harvested from the pressure applied
Also the voltage status displayed using LCD
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT fig8: result on display Footstep Power Generation System 24
ADVANTAGES
• Echo friendly• Reduction in waste of energy• Less maintenance cost • Ultra low noise • Wide dynamic range • Wide temperature range • An alternate way for power generation
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LIMITATIONS
• Sensor array will produce minute power at a time
• Unavailability of sensors in market• Since physically week they need protective
sheets
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APPLICATIONS
The generated power can be used for mobile charging, street lightning and other applications
It can be used in emergency power failure situations.Application areas mainly involves Metros,
street,temples,railway station and other crowded areas
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT fig 9:applications Footstep Power Generation System 27
FUTURE SCOPE
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FUTURE SCOPE
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
REFERENCE[1] Vibration Based Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Material, M.N. Fakhzan, Asan G.A. Muthalif, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, IIUM,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia[2]Handley, Kevin. “Energy Harvester: Converts Low-Level Vibrations into Usable Energy.” Ferro Solutions Corp. [3]Shenck, Nathan S. and Joseph A. Paradiso. Energy Scavenging with Shoe-Mounted Piezoelectrics. MIT Media Laboratory, Responsive Environments Group.[4]Electrical Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Crystal Anil KumarInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 5, May-2011[5] Generation of Electrical Power through Foot steps K.Ramakrishna, Guruswamy Revana and Venu Madhav Gopaka International Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research 20 Sept 2014, Vol.2
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