By Dhananjaya.s

CONTENT

Introduction.

Types.

Conclusion.

Reference.

INTRODUCTION

It is the main components of the building.

It is the lowest part of the building.

It is the structure ,that transmits the load of the building to

the under laying soil.

It is that part of the building which supports the super

structure directly over it.

TYPES OF FOUNDATION

Foundation may be broadly classified under two

categories:

Shallow foundation.

Deep foundation.

Shallow foundation

A foundation is said to shallow when depth of the foundation is equal to or less than its width

Types of shallow foundation1. Spread footing.

2. Combined footing.

3. Mat or raft footing.

4. Grillage foundation.

5. Strap footing or cantilever footing.

6. Stepped foundation.

1. Spread footing

The spread footing is generally constructed to supportan individual column. The spread footing may becircular, square or rectangular slab of uniformthickness

2. Combined footing

A common footing provided for two or more columns

3.Mat or raft foundation

It is the foundation that covers the entire area under the structure

4. Grillage foundation

It is the foundation used in those places where theload of the structure is heavy and the bearing capacityof soil is comparatively poor

5. Strap footing

It is the footing consists of two or more individualfooting connected by a beam

6. Stepped foundation

A widening at the bottom of a wall consisting of a series of steps in the proportion of one horizontal to two vertical units.

Deep foundation

If the depth of foundation is greater than its width it istermed as deep foundation.

Types of deep foundation1. Pile foundation.

2. Caisson foundation.

Pile foundation

Pile foundation may defined as a column support type of foundation

Types of piles1. Bearing piles.

2. Friction piles.

3. Sheet piles.

4. Fender piles.

5. Anchor piles.

Bearing piles

Bearing piles are those which are driven into ground until the hard stratum is reached.

Friction piles

These are the piles which bear the load of the structure by its skin friction developing by soil and the surrounding soil.

Sheet piles

These piles are generally used for making deep coffer dam ,deep excavations.

Fender piles

These are usually made from timber to protect the berthing ships from damage.

Anchor piles

These are the piles which provide anchorage against horizontal pulls and thrusts.

Caisson foundation

It is the foundation used for the construction of bridge piers in very deep water.

Types of caisson foundation 1. Open caisson.

2. Box caisson.

3. Pneumatic caisson.

Open caisson

It is the caisson where its top and bottom ends are open and the central space filled with sand

Pneumatic caisson

In this type of caisson closed at the top and open at the bottom.

Box caisson

These are used in constructing bridge foundation under water where little excavation is required.

CONCLUSIONS

After discussing the above topic what we suggest is by considering a safe bearing capacity and condition of a site we have decide the type of foundation.

More over the deep foundation is suitable for structures.

REFERENCE Construction technology.- H.S vishwanath.

www.google.com.

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