FRAMEWORK FOR AN AIRSIDE DRIVER TRAINING

PROGRAMME

S.K. SONI - AIRPORT MANAGER

AUGUST - 2007

AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

GROUND FLIGHT SAFETY DEPARTMENT

AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

AERODROME LAYOUT

NON-PUBLIC OPS. AREA

WARNING

• “All vehicles entering the Airport Airside Area are required to conform with the speed limit signs which are displayed at various locations.

• Stop signs must be adhered to and in all circumstances, aircraft have priority over vehicles, and no vehicular crossing of taxiways is allowed within 200 meters of taxiing aircraft.

• Disciplinary action will be taken against offenders.”

Causes accidents and incidents

• Primary factors include:• • Human error.• • Failure to follow established procedures.• • Poor or inadequate training.• • Ramp congestion.• • Substandard equipment maintenance.• • Lack of standardization.• Secondary factors include:• • Equipment error and malfunctions.• • Inadequate supervision.• • High employee turnover.

• • Financial pressures.• • Pressure to increase turnaround times

VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS

Company Names or Logos on Vehicles

All authorized motor vehicles operating within OPS. Area must be easily identified. All vehicular equipment must display signs of commercial design on both sides of the vehicle for identifying it

speed limit 30 kmph

SERVICE ROAD – SPEED LIMITS

The Apron service roads are marked in white paint. Vehicles traversing the Aprons are to remain within the marked road at all times.

VEHICULAR LANE – SPEED LIMITS

• speed limit 15 kmph

Vehicular Lane marked with dotted white lines on Apron, used for vehicular movements.

3 feet

4.5 to 7.5 Mtrs

Vehicle movements on Vehicular Lane

3 feet

4.5 to 7.5 Mtrs

MARKING ON ACTIVE TAXIWAY

CROSSING

A crossing on a live Taxiway is marked by white broken lines. Vehicles shall stop at the designated Stop Sign and give way to moving aircraft if they are approaching, then cross with care, allowing for jet blast or prop wash.

Apron Service road within the movement area

This red line indicates DO NOT CROSS, and is known as the Vehicle Limit Line. Extreme caution must be taken at all times whilst driving in these areas.

Apron Safety Line

BREAKAWAY ZONES

Marking on the taxiway center line to help aircraft tow tractor drivers

Two yellow triangles connected by white dots.

Aircraft Parking Stand

AIRCRAFT PARKING STAND

AIRCRAFT PARKING STAND

Must stay well clear of aircraft when their red anti collision beacons are operating;

Must not use Vehicles to service, load or unload an aircraft unless a representative of the aircraft operator or his/her agent is present to direct the movements of that Vehicle

AIRCRAFT PARKING STAND

EQUIPMENT STAGING AREA

Watch For Boarding and Deplaning Passengers while driving on movement area

Right of way

PROHIBITED ZONE AEROBRIDGE RESTRAINT AREA

The red or white hatching defines safety areas that must remain clear at all times. Vehicles must not park or stand in these areas as this is the area where aerobridges move

HEIGHT RESTRICTED AREA

NOSE BAR GROUND MARKING FOR A/C

Wheel Chocks

When parking a vehicle anywhere, be sure to set the parking brake or use wheel chocks to prevent the vehicle from rolling into aircraft or other equipment.

Report Fuel/oil Spills

If you cause or notice an oil, grease, fuel or other type of spill of any size, report it immediately to the Apron Control and your supervisor.

Put brakes “On” when vehicle is parked in Apron.

ENGINE HAZARD

JET BLAST PRECAUTIONS

•7.5M from the Front

•46M from the behind (A-320)

•76M from the behind (B-747)

ENGINE SUCTION/INGESTION & BLAST

DANGER ZONES AROUND A/C

Personnel and vehicles shall give way to aircraft at all times whether the aircraft is taxiing or on tow. The picture provides a guide to the safety distances where vehicles or personnel shall maintain from a taxing aircraft

AFFECT OF JET BLAST

Jet engines force air through the engine and use thrust to maneouver. Do not walk or drive behind an aircraft that has engines running, as the Jet blast is considerable and dangerous. Injuries have occurred due to debris blown by jet blast.

Affect of Jet Blast

A jet engine produces a blast of hot air strong enough to knock you over, burn you, even turn over a vehicle.

At 25 feet behind the engine. Jet blast may reach to speed of 590 mph and a temperature of 370 degrees Fahrenheit. Even at 100 feet behind the engine, jet blast may still be up to 95 mph and about 40 degrees Fahrenheit.

Jet Blast ingestion

stay clear of jet engine intakes. Many people have been killed or severely injured as a result of being sucked into an operating engine.

PRECAUTION ON A/C REFUELLING

PRECAUTION ON A/C REFUELLING

In the event of fuel or Combustible material spill, immediately notify to Apron Control. Also warn the pilot of aircraft in the vicinity of the spill. Valves shall be shut down and the dispensing vehicle shall remain in place until the arrival of fire protection vehicles. Engine of the dispensing vehicle shall remain ON if it running or remain OFF if it is off, until the Fire Incharge orders to move. In no event shall dispensing operations resume until authorized by the fire protection incharge.

Aircraft Refueling Incident

•Maintain a distance of 15M from the aircraft being refuelled

•Do not switch off/on your vehicle

•Refueller/Dispenser have right of clear exit

•Do not drive over the hose/cable

•Do not use mobile phones

FUEL HYDRAENT PIT

Available on every parking stand through which an aircraft is refuelled.

FOD BINS

Foreign Object Debris

Inspect your bay for foreign Object presence on apron soon after the departure of aircraft, if anything is noticed, remove immediately or inform the Apron Control by the quickest means of communication

A/C CATCH FIRE DUE FOD ON RWY

DAMAGE TO ENGINE

SAFETY JACKETS

RULES FOR TOWING

•Never drive fast while towing empty trolleys.

•Never overload the trolleys, you are towing.

•Maximum towable length is 60feets only.

•Ensure pallets are locked properly.

•Do not use tractor for conveyance of personnel / workers etc.

• Must not operate with a train of dollies in excess of six (6); and

• Must ensure when towing dollies carrying loose material, garbage or waste paper, that the load is adequately covered and secured to prevent spillage; and

• Must ensure that dollies being towed at night have reflective surfaces.

Container Trailer / Dolly

Baggage Trolley

The maximum number of units that can be towed on airside is:

• 6 Baggage Trolley (small bag cans)

Operators are responsible to ensure their loads are fastened or covered to prevent the load from coming loose or falling on to the surface

Pallet Dollies

The maximum number of units that can be towed on airside is:

• 4 Pallet Dollies

Operators are responsible to ensure their loads are fastened or covered to prevent the load from coming loose or falling on to the surface

YELLOW FLASHING LIGHT

-During night and adverse weather condition Anti-collision light should be ON

-Flashing 60-90 per minute

-Intensity 40-400 candles

•The vehicle is in excess of 40feet shall have 2 lights (Front and Rear)

Formation of Fog

• high pressure zones• winds are calm and • the sky is clear,

leading to the formation of radiative fog

Driving under Low Visibility

• Driving under CAT III Conditions CAT III Conditions are physically

indicated at every entrance gate to the apron area (Special illuminated signs are switched on)

• All unnecessary traffic must be avoided

• In poor visibility conditions additional Marshallers are posted on specific TWY and service road junctions

• All service vehicles, working within the TWY/RWY System, have to evacuate immediately

• All aircrafts within the TWY/RWY System are guided by the Follow Me jeep.

PRECAUTIONS DURING THE LOW VISIBILITY CONDITIONS

•Do not operate vehicles unless essentially required.

•Read boards provided to notify initiation of LVP, placed at different locations.

•Always drive in speed less than 15 kmp/h.

•Do not cross active taxiways.

GLIDEPATH ANTENNA

CAT- III PROTECTED ATEA LOCALIZER ANTENNA

An area of defined dimensions about the localizer and glide path antennas where aircraft and vehicles are excluded during all ILS operations. Their presence within the defined area will cause unacceptable disturbance to the ILS signal. This area extends to 1000 ft on ‘X’ axis and 400 ft on ‘Y’ axis from the centre of the localizer array.

CAT III OPERATIONS AT AIRPORT

Following equipment are required to support the CAT-II, III operations at Airport.

i) ILS localizer, Glide Path and ILS/DME or Outer Marker and Middle Marker.

ii) Airfield ground lighting.iii) RVR Systemiv) Standby power supply for ILS

and Airport ground lighting.

Low Visibility Procedures

Low Visibility Procedures (LVP) are instructions for safe and efficient operation of aircraft and vehicles during CAT II/III operations and Low Visibility Take-offs.

CAT – II/III LIGHTS – RWY AHEAD

TAXIWAY CROSSING PRECAUTIONS

GO

LOOK

1. Aircraft has the right of way.

2. Stop the vehicle before the Road Holding position.

3. Look on either side for any aircraft movement.

4. Cross taxiway

STOP FOR TAXING AIRCRAFT – TRAFFIC SIGN

NO PEDESTRIAN TWY CROSSING

Taxiway

A defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another

Taxiway Light & Center Line

TAXIWAY EDGE LINE MARKING

RED OBS. LIGHT & BLUE TWY LIGHT

Pavement outboard of continuous double yellow lines is

not available for aircraft use.

Taxiway Edge Markings

Taxilane

Taxilanes are areas used by aircraft for access between the taxiways and aircraft parking positions. The aircraft follow these yellow lines, which are surface painted markings. Taxilanes are part of the Non-Movement Area.

Intermediate Holding Position

Where two Taxiways cross/intersect, yellow broken lines mark the clearance distance for Vehicles to remain behind when aircraft cross ahead

Intermediate Holding Position Marking

Intermediate Holding Position Marking

Used only at towered airports to mark the hold point along run-up pads and at some taxiway/taxiway intersections. The purpose of the marking is to provide wing tip clearance for taxiing aircraft. Pilots should stop prior to the marking when instructed to hold short of the intersection by ATC. See next slide for further details

HOLDING MARKING FOR A/C AND VEHICLES – RWY AHEAD

These markings are always co-located with a Runway Holding Position Sign. A vehicle operator must not cross from the solid-line side of the marking without first obtaining clearance from the ATC.

Runway Holding Position

Runway Holding Points Movement Area Guidance

Signs

Holding Position Marking

STOP before the SOLID LINES = SOLID WALL

CAT – I HOLDING POSITION

CAT – II / III HOLDING POSITION

ILS Critical Area Holding Position

ILS Critical Area Hold Position Signs & Marking

Remember: TAXIING AIRCRAFT ARE REQUIRED TO HOLD AT THIS POSITION ONLY IF DIRECTED BY ATC

Holding Position Marking

Answer: You are holding short.

You are here.

Are You Holding Short of a RunwayOR

Exiting a Runway?

“How fast was I going?”

Where is the hold position marking?

Where is the hold position sign?

Runway-WHITE

Taxiway- YELLOW

Taxiway and Runway Markings

Runway

A Defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft.

Marking on Runway

RWY GUARD LIGHT

Runway Guard Lights are a highly visible warning for airside drivers and must not be passed without appropriate Air Traffic Control clearances

NO ENTRY SIGN – RWY AHEAD

The photograph depicts a NO ENTRY sign, consisting of a white circle with a horizontal bar in the middle, on a red background.

Mandatory Signs – RWY AHEAD

Mandatory Signs – RWY AHEAD

Mandatory Instruction Sign – RWY AHEAD

Location and direction Signs

Direction SignTWY LOCATION

SIGN – where you are

PROHIBITION ON USE OF COMMUNICATION DEVICE

A Driver must not operate a Vehicle while answering or using a hand-held mobile telephone.

RESTRICTED BAGGAGE MAKE-UP & BREAK-UP AREA

Surface Painted Signs

Surface Painted Signs

Stay Away From Accident Sites

If an emergency incident such as a crash, a fuel spill, etc. occurs on the airfield, stay clear of the scene

Never Leave a Vehicle Unattended in Active Areas

No disabled vehicle be left unattended or abandoned on active airport areas. If your vehicle breaks down anywhere, call your supervisor and stay with it until it is removed

Bird HitNever throw garbage, bottles, foils, eatables etc. in open, as it attracts birds and stray animals, causing bird hits/animal hits.

Unserviceable marker Works limit marker

Apron Edge markers

SPEED TRAP

VEHICLE STANDARDS

• LIGHTING – Two headlights , sidelights, fog lights, reversing lights and reflectors

• BRAKES – Service brake and parking brake• STEERING – Safe and easy control• TIRES – Perfect condition depth 1.6 mm, No spikes & other metal

studs• REAR VIEW MIRRORS – one outside and inside mirror• WINDSCREEN WIPERS – AT LEAST ONE AUTOMATIC

WINDSCREEN WIPER• TRAILER - equipped with reflector buttons or foils

• DISPLAY OF OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS AND COMPANY INSIGNIA

• REQUIREMENT OF DAILY VEHCILE INSPECTION• DISPLAY OF AIRSIDE VEHICLE PERMIT (AVP)

DRIVER RESPONSIBITIES

• FITNESS TO DRIVE, MEDICAL/HEALTH STANDARD

• USE OF HIGH VISIBILITY CLOTHING & HEARING PROTECTION

• NO SMOKING IN AIRSIDE

• RESPONSIBILITIES WITH RESPECT TO FOD AND FUEL/OIL SPILLAGE

• RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE VEHICLE IS SUITABLE FOR THE TASK AND USED CORRECTLY

EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

• Inform Apron Control in the event of vehicle accident. Tel. 25696107 / 25653352

• Inform Airport Emergency Services in the event of fire. Tel. 25675006

• Inform Airport Medical Services in the event of personal injury. Tel. 25672778 / 25655576

THANK YOU

ANY QUESTION ?