Post on 04-Jun-2018
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DEFINITION
A structure is a connected system of membersdesigned to support loads safely or transfer forceseffectively.
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TYPES
Column and beam
Cantilever
Trusses
Space Frame
Geodesic Frame
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COLUMN & BEAM
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definition
A beam is a horizontal structuralelement that is capable to carry
vertical loadsA column is a vertical structuralelement that transmits, throughcompression, the weight of thestructure above to other structuralelements below
* column is acompression member
* beam is atension member
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CANTILEVER
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Rajah 2.3.6 Jejulur sebentuk
Rajah 2.3.7 Jejulur Menirus
Load distribution
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TRUSSES
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definition
a truss is a structure comprising oneor more triangular units constructedwith straight members whose endsare connected at joints referred toas nodes. External forces andreactions to those forces areconsidered to act only at the nodesand result in forces in the memberswhich are either tensile or
compressive force
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REACTION REACTION
Tension
Deflection
Compression
Bearing
Load
Load distribution
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SPACE FRAME
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definition
Is a truss-like with a three-
dimensional frame,usually triangulated in alldirections, composed of strutsand ties interconnected so
that they all share in carryingany load
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A space frame is usually an open, three-dimensional framework of struts andbraces which define a structure anddistribute its weight evenly in alldimension.
This multi-axial load distribution serves toreduce the member forces and thus leadsto lightweight and filigree structures. The
system consists of members and nodeswith a pin joint or bending resistantconnections.
The choice of the member length and
their angles is linked to the loads whichare to be carried. In plan view, they canestablish a triangular grid or aquadrangular grid, while in section theycan formulate single, double, or triplelayers.
Load distribution
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A geodesic dome is a spherical or partial-spherical shell structure based on a
network of great circles (geodesics) lyingon the surface of a sphere. The geodesicsintersect to form triangular elements thathave local triangular rigidity and also
distribute the stress across the entirestructure. When completed to form a fullsphere, it is known as a geodesic sphere
definition
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tetrahedron octahedron icosahedron dodecahedron
Geodesics begin with one of the below SOLIDS :
A d di ib h l d ll
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Load distribution A dome distributes the load to allelements that compose it, anddepends on this to retain its integrity,rather than load bearing walls andtrusses found in traditional structures.That's what makes it "selfsupporting". Walls and floors wouldpull down the dome, they need tohave their own support.
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A roughly hemispherical structure built from of
a self-bracing network of triangles. This design,conceived by the American architect R.Buckminster Fuller , gives impressive structuralstrength while using a minimum of material.Geodesic domes are efficient, inexpensive, anddurable. However, homes based on this designmust overcome a number of difficulties.
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A triangle cannot deform , except for rotationof its joints, without the sides changing length.