Freer10 Countries Project

transcript

10 Countries Project

By: Andrew Freer

Liechtenstein

Country Description

• Location– Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland

• Size– 160 sq km

• Population– 34,761

• Climate – continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or

rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers

Geographic Description

• Land Region– mostly mountainous

• Rivers, lakes, oceans– None

• Fauna and Flora– 1600 plant species, about 800 species are mountain flora, the rest

are valley and slope flora– 55 mammal – 17 species of bats– 10 species of amphibians – 24 species of fish

• Vacation Tour

History

• Early – The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy

Roman Empire in 1719. Occupied by both French and Russian troops during the Napoleonic wars, it became a sovereign state in 1806 and joined the Germanic Confederation in 1815

– Liechtenstein became fully independent in 1866 when the Confederation dissolved

• WWII– Neutral

• Major Events– Blacklisted for money laundering in 2000.

Political

• Government type – constitutional monarchy

• Government Leader• Executive

– Chief of state: Prince Hans Adam II – Head of government: Head of Government Klaus– Cabinet

• Legislative– Parliament or Landtag

• Judicial – Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof

Economy • Industry

– electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments

• Exports– small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware,

prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products– $3.92 billion

• Imports– $2.59 billion– agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles

• Economic Status– Debt = $0

• Major Trade Partners– Swiss– Austria– France– US– German

• Trade Associations– European Economic Area (EEA)– WTO World Trade Organization

Daily Life

– Wealthy individuals– High cost of living– Expensive Clothing– Total literacy- 100%– Internet usage• 65.2%

Cultural• Traditions• Mixed traditions of Swiss and Austrian culture• Religions

– Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2%

• Foods– Coffee and bread with jam are commonly eaten for

breakfast– Zmittag, a meal that includes main dish, soup, salad, and

dessert• Music and Dance

– Liechtenstein Musical Company, the annual Guitar Days and the International Josef Gabriel Rheinberger Society(Musical societies)

• Art– Private Art Collection of the Prince of Liechtenstein, one of

the world's leading private art collections, is shown at the Liechtenstein Museum in Vienna

• Football teams play in Swiss football leagues

Winter Olympics

• Marco Büchel– Men’s downhill-8th

– Men’s super-G• Marina Nigg– Women’s Slalom

Ethiopia

Country Description

• Size– 1,104,300 sq km

• Location– Eastern Africa, west of Somalia

• Population– 85,237,338

• Climate– tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced

variation

Geographic Description

• Land Region– high plateau with central mountain

range divided by Great Rift Valley• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans– Lake Tana, Lake Turkana, Blue River

• Indigenous Fauna and Flora– Gelada Baboon, Nyala, Hartebeest– Ensete, Eragrostis abyssinica

History• Early History

– In 1974 archaeologists excavating sites in the Awash River valley discovered 3.5-million-year- old fossil skeletons, is the oldest hominid to be uncovered

– Muslims invade their lands in 1527– They become independent in 1543, defeating the Muslims– 1682, Iyasus I, or the Great, is crowned and modernizes Ethiopia. – After death in 1706, Iyasus’s country is divided into separate regions. – 1936-41

• Italians invade Ethiopia• Fought against the Axis during WWII and allied with Britain

– 1974, Emperor Selassie establishes a socialistic rule– His rule ended after the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) had

rebelled against him from his bloody uprisings and wide spread droughts• Modern

– A constitution was made in 1994, following Ethiopia’s first multiparty elections in 1995– A border war with Eritrea ended with a peace treaty in 2000

Political

• Type of Government– federal republic

• Government Leaders• Executive

– Chief of State President GirmaWoldegiorgis– Head of Government Prime Minister Meles Zenawi– Cabinet Council of Ministers

• Legislative– House of Federation

• Judicial– Federal Supreme Court

Economy• Industry

– food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement• Exports

– $1.608 billion– coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds

• Imports– $7.315 billion– food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery,

motor vehicles, cereals, textiles• Economic Status

– Debt: $4.229 billion• Major Trade Partners

– US, Germany, Swiss, Italy, China, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, India• Trade Associations

– Confederation of Ethiopian Trade Unions (CETU)

Daily Life• Not wealthy individuals• Low cost of Living • Literacy

– Total population: 42.7%– Male: 50.3%– Female: 35.1%

• Clothing– Gabi-Shawl– Coffee Dresses– Gown/Overcoat– Shirts

• Internet Usage – .446%

Cultural • Languages

– Amarigna 32.7%, Oromigna 31.6%, Tigrigna 6.1%, Somaligna 6%, Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%

• Religions– Christian 60.8% (Orthodox 50.6%, Protestant 10.2%), Muslim 32.8%, Traditional 4.6%,

other 1.8%• Foods

– Wat- thick stew– Injera- sourdough flatbread– No pork or shellfish

• Music and Dance– Extremely Diverse– 80 ethnic groups– Christian elements– Muslim– Folklore

Winter Olympics

• Robel Teklemariam– 15 kilometer freestyle– Ranked 93

Conclusion

• Ethiopia has only 1 medical doctor per 100,000 people

• 980,000 with HIV/AIDS• 67,0000 Died with HIV/AIDS

Djibouti

Country Description

• Size– 23,200 sq km

• Climate– desert; torrid, dry

• Location– Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the

Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia• Population– 724,622

Geographic Features

• Land Regions– coastal plain and plateau

separated by central mountains• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans– Gulf of Tadjoura, Gulf of Aden,

Red Sea, Lake Assai• Fauna and Flora– Camel, Djibouti Francolin,

Platyceps aphaeresis – Aloe, Euphorbia amicorum

History

• Early– Recorded in poetry, songs, and folklore– Trade with China, Egypt, and India– Adopted Islam– French ruled by the sultan of Raheita, until

independence in 1977• Modern– Unrest among the Afars in the 1990s lead to civil war

that ended in 2001 with peace between Afars and government

Political

• Type of Government– Republic

• Government Leaders– Executive

• Chief of State: President Ismail Omar Guelleh• Head of Government: Prime Minister Mohamed Dileita Dileita• Cabinet: Council of Ministers

– Legislative• Chamber of Deputies

– Judicial• Supreme Court

Economy• Industry

– construction, agricultural processing• Exports

– $340 million – Re exports, hides and skins, coffee

• Imports– $1.555 billion – foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products

• Economic Status– Debt:$428 million – Unemployment rate: 59%

• Major Trade Partners– Somalia, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, India, China, US, Malaysia

• Trade Associations– None

Daily Life• Standard of Living

– Very poor– Unemployment at 59%– 42% of population below the poverty live

• Literacy– Total population: 67.9%– Male: 78%– Female: 58.4%

• Clothing– African dresses and clothing– Macawiis -sarong-like garment worn around the waist– Dirac- a long, light, sheer dress

• Internet Usage– 1.34 %

Cultural• Religions

– Muslim 94%– Christian 6%

• Languages– French, Arabic, Somali, Afar

• Foods– Many foods have influence with Arab and French culinary arts– Fresh seafood, lamb, and meats

• Music– Horn of Africa– Afar and Arab Music– Much of its countries history is written in poetry

• Lake Asal– Great attraction for tourism

Winter Olympics

• Did not participate in Winter Olympics

Falkland Islands

Country Description

• Size – 12,173 sq km

• Climate– cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid;

rain occurs on more than half of days in year• Location – Southern South America, islands in the South

Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina• Population– 3,140

Geographic Features

• Land regions– rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy,

undulating plains• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans

– Atlantic Ocean, Scotia Sea, Falkland Sound, • Fauna and Flora

– Falkland Flightless Steamer Duck, Falkland Islands Wolf

– Hairy Daisy Erigeron incertus, Moore's Plantain Plantago moorei

• Vacation tour– Flaklands Islands Quest

History

• Early– First sighted by a English navigator, John Davis, in 1592– First landings occurred in 1690– First settlement was French, not British, until 1764– Turned over to Spain, but was disputed between Spain and

British, later Argentina and British• Modern– April2, 1982- Argentina invade the islands. – British sent in expeditionary forces that landed several

weeks later and after fighting for a few months, Argentina surrendered on June 14, 1982

Political

• Type of Government– British Dependent Territory

• Government Leaders• Executive

– Chief of State: Queen Elizabeth II– Head of Government: Governor Alan Huckle– Cabinet: Executive Council

• Legislative– Legislative Council

• Judicial– Supreme Court

Economy• Industry

– fish and wool processing; tourism• Exports

– $125 million– wool, hides, meat, fish, squid

• Imports– $90 million– fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing

• Economic Status– Debt-NA

• Major Trade Partners– UK

• Trade Associations– None

Daily Life• Standard of Living– Simple life– Stable life and no unemployment

• Literacy– NA

• Clothing– Jeans, T’s, Modern Westernized clothing

• Internet Usage– 100%

Cultural

• Religions– Christianity

• Customs– Military Based Islands– RAF(Royal Air Force)

• Foods– tea with home made cake– lamb, mutton, beef, trout and also garden vegetables

• Music and Dance– Modern Music and Dances from British and American culture

• Places– Stanley

Winter Olympics

Falklands War

• April 2, 1982, Argentina invaded Falkland Islands

• British send expeditionary forces to retake the islands, which started the war

• Allied forces landed at San Carlos Water on 21 May

• Led to 655 Argentine and 255 British deaths

Sao Tome And Principe

Country Description

• Size– 964 sq km

• Climate– tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season

• Location– Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea,

straddling the Equator, west of Gabon• Population– 212,679

Geographic Features• Land Region

– volcanic, mountainous• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans

– Gulf of Guinea– Atlantic Ocean

• Fauna and Flora– Dwarf Olive Ibis– Maroon Pigeon– Sao Tome Fiscal Shrike – Begonia ampla– Pandanus thomensis – Begonia subalpestris

• Vacation Tours– Pestana Sao Tome Ocean Resort

History

• Early– Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th

century– the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and

cocoa in the 19th century– independence was achieved in 1975

• Modern – Held its first election in 1991, but had many waging of

power within the government and resulted in two failed coup attempts in 1995 and 2003

– Recent discovery of oil within the Gulf of Guinea

Political

• Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe • Government Type

– Republic• Government Leaders

– Executive• Chief of State: President Fradique Bandiera Melo De Menezes• Head of Government: Prime Minister Joachim Rafael Branco• Cabinet: Council of Ministers

– Legislative• National Assembly

– Judicial • Supreme Court

Economy• Industry

– light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber• Exports

– $8 million – Cocoa, copra, coffee, palm oil

• Imports– $91 million– machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products

• Economic Status– Debt: $318 million – Unemployment: NA%

• Major Trade Partners– Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal

• Trade Associations– European Union (EU)

Daily Life

• Standard of Living– 54% under the Poverty Line– Low cost of living – Third world country

• Literacy– Total Population: 84.9%– Male: 92.2%– Female: 77.9%

• Clothing– Lightweight Portuguese and African clothing

• Internet Usage– 15.4%

Cultural

• Traditions– Both Portuguese and African

• Religions– Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4%

• Foods– Grilled fish and chicken– Fried fish– Cooked bananas– Buzios (large land snails)– Tropical fruit

• Music and Dance– Tchiloli is a musical dance performance that tells a dramatic story.– Danço-congo is similarly a combination of music, dance and theatre

• Unique Facts– Arts– Pascoal Viegas Vilhete– Almada Negreiros– Vianna da Mota– representing rural life and forms in modern art

Winter Olympics

Conclusion

• Currency – Dobra

• Languages– Portuguese – Forro– Angolar– Principense

Cyprus

Country Description

• Climate– temperate; Mediterranean with hot,

dry summers and cool winters• Location– Middle East, island in the

Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey• Population– 1,084,748

Geographic Features• Land Regions

– Central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast

• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans– Mediterranean Sea

• Fauna – Sea Turtles– Mountain Ram– Golden Oriole

• Flora– Golden Oak– Cyclamen– Pink oleander

• Akamas Peninsula – Many Turtles lay eggs and rest for summer

History• Early

– Earliest recorded time of human activity in 10,000 BC as hunter-gatherers– 395, Became part of Eat Roman Empire– In 1570, became under siege with an assault of 60,000 troops, which was

brought under control by Ottoman empire– Became under control by British in 1878

• Modern– Became Independent on August 16, 1960– Tension between Greek Cypriot majority and Turkish Cypriot minority in

1963, brought uprisings, despite UN peacekeepers– 1983, The Turkish Cypriot Area declared itself the Turkish Republic of

Northern Cyprus– 2008, have held peace negotiations into reuniting the island

Political

• Republic of Cyprus• Government Type

– Executive• Chief of State and Head of Government President Demetris

Christofias• Cabinet: Council of Ministers

– Legislative• House of Representatives

Economy• Industry

– tourism, food and beverage processing, cement and gypsum production, ship repair and refurbishment, textiles, light chemicals, metal products, wood, paper, stone, and clay products

• Exports– $1.135 billion– citrus, potatoes, pharmaceuticals, cement, and clothing

• Imports– $6.676 billion – consumer goods, petroleum and lubricants, intermediate goods, machinery, transport equipment

• Economic Status– Debt: $32.86 billion– Unemployment: 4.8%

• Major Trade Partners– Greece– UK– Germany– Italy– Israel

• Trade Associations– IMF or International Monetary Fund

Daily Life

• Wealthy Standard of Living• Well Built homes and buildings• Literacy

– Total Population: 97.6%– Male: 98.9%– Female: 96.3%

• Clothing– vrakas -a long black trouser worn with vests on top– Sarkas- the local made skirt and blouse.

• Internet Usage– 38%

Cultural• Customs

– Celebration– Religious Festivals– Midnight Mass on Christmas– Carnivals and Parades– Life of Foods and wine

• Religions– Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, other (includes Maronite and Armenian Apostolic) 4%

• Foods– Hellim cheese originated in Cyprus– Seafood and fish dishes– meat marinated in dried coriander– seeds and wine– lountza (smoked pork loin),– charcoal-grilled lamb

• Music and Dance– Folk music from Greece and Turkey– Hip Hop– Hardcore/Emo– Reggae

• Arts– Carved figures to be about 10,000 years old

Winter Olympics

• Christopher Papamichalopoulos -Men's slalom– Disqualified

• Sophia Papamichalopoulos Women's slalom– Ranked 53

Conclusion

• Currency– Euro

• Languages– Greek – Turkish

Country Description

• Size– 147,181 sq km

• Climate– Varies from cool summers and severe

winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south

• Location– Southern Asia, between China and India

– Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans

– Kosi River– Narayani River– Kail River– Karnali River

• Fauna– Buffaloes– Tigers– Leopards– Crocodiles

• Flora– Sal– Asna – Elephant grass

• Special Points of Interest– Mt. Everest– Himalaya

• Vacation Tour– Naturally Nepal

History• Early

– People have found bones from 9,000 years ago– 1951, Ended a century old monarch and formed cabinet system

government• Modern

– 1990, established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy.

– Extremist brake out of Maoists in 1996– Ten-year civil war between insurgents and the government– Mass protests in 2006– Peace treaties and negotiations– In August 2008, Maoist formed its first coalition government– Later overruled by president to fire the chief of the army staff

Political • Federal Democratic Republic of

Nepal• Government Type

– Federal Democratic Republic• Government Leaders

– Executive• Cabinet: Communist Party of Nepal-

United Marxist-Leninist, Nepali Congress

• Chief of State: President Ram Baran Yadav

• Head of Government: Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal

– Legislative• Constituent Assembly

Economy• Industry

– Tourism, carpets, textiles; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarettes, cement and brick production• Exports

– $907 million– clothing, pulses, carpets, textiles, juice, pashima, jute goods

• Imports– $3.626 billion– petroleum products, machinery and equipment, gold, electrical goods, medicine

• Economic Status– 115th largest economy– Debt: $4.5 billion– Unemployment rate

• 46%

• Major Trade Partners– India– US– Bangladesh– Germany– China

• Trade Associations– South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)

– 24.7% – Low rate of living – Poor areas

• Literacy– Total Population: 48.6%– Male: 62.7%– Female: 34.9%

• Clothing– Jackets– Cotton shirts– Trousers– Woolen jackets– Skirts

• Internet usage– 1.41%

Cultural• Customs

– Taking off your shoes before entering a temple or home– Pointing is considered bad

• Religions– Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%, Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%

• Foods– Dal is a spicy lentil soup, served over bhat (boiled rice)– Chile

• Music and Dance– The Newari Music orchestra consists mainly of percussion instruments

such as flutes– Lakhey dance- a drunken dance – Done at least once a year

Winter Olympics

Conclusion

• Mount Everest– World Highest Mountain– 29,029 ft. above sea level– May 29, 1953, On the ninth expedition to the top,

Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay had reached the top of the summit at 11:30 a.m.

England

Country Description

• Size– 50,346 sq mi

• Climate– Damp relatively frequently and is subject to

change• Location– Western Europe, northwest of France

Geographic Features

• Land Regions– mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling

plains in east and southeast• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans

– English Channel– North Sea– Irish Sea– Celtic Sea

• Fauna– gulls, oystercatchers, buntings– grey seals– squirrels, badgers, stags, deer, blue tits

• Flora– beech trees– shrub-hedged farmlands – sea lavender

History• Early

– In 55 BC, England is conquered by the Romans.– 9th century raids of Vikings in the century.– In 1066, Guillaume the Conqueror is victorious in the Battle of Hastings– From 1337 to 1453 the Hundred Years war takes place.– In 1563, Anglicanism is instituted by a confession of faith. – In 1666, a fire destroys most of London’s buildings– July4, 1776 America declared independence and won independence on 1783 after signing the

Treaty of Paris– In 1876, Queen Victoria is proclaimed empress of India.

• Modern– In 1914 and 1939, the British government allies with France in the war against Germany in WWI– 1939, Britain declares war on Germany along with France– In 1947, England declares the independence of India and Pakistan.– In 1994, the Channel tunnel is opened– In 1997, The Labour Party led by Tony Blair wins elections.– In 1997, Princess Diana Spencer dies in a car accident.

Political

• Parliament of the United Kingdom• Type of Government– constitutional monarchy and parliamentary

democracy • Leaders of Government• Queen: Elizabeth II• Prime Minister of the United Kingdom:

Gordon Brown

Economy• Industry

– machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods

• Exports– $351.3 billion– manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals; food, beverages, tobacco

• Imports– $473.6 billion– manufactured goods, machinery, fuels; foodstuffs

• Economic Status– Debt: $9.088 trillion– Unemployment: 8%

• Major Trade Partners– US Germany Netherlands France Ireland Belgium Spain

• Trade Associations– CCTA Consumer Credit Trade Association

Daily Life

• Houses are expensive• First-World Country• Literacy– Total population: 99%

• Clothing– Suits– Dresses– Modern Clothing

Cultural• Customs

– Drinking Tea– Bowler hats– Soccer

• Religions– Christian 71.6%– Muslim 2.7%– Hindu 1%

• Foods– Fish and Chips– Pie– Sandwish– Tea– Wine and Coffee

• Music and Dance– Rock – Hip Hop– R&B– Pop– Morris Dances- folklore dancing

• Double Decker buses– 1,000 buses – Custom Red colored

Winter Olympics

• Amy Williams– Women’s Skeleton– 1st Place Gold

Sports

• Cricket– Played in the 16th Century– Bat-and-ball team sport – 11 Players– Equipment• Cricket ball, cricket bat,• wicket: stumps, bails

Conclusion

• Capital – London

• Language– English

• Rock N’ Roll– The Beatles– Rolling Stones– Led Zeppelin

Country Description

• Size– 1,001,450 sq km

• Climate– desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters

• Location– Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea,

between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula

– vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans

– Mediterranean Sea, Lake Nasser, Nile River, Suez Canal, Red Sea• Fauna

– Camel– Donkey– Ox– Sheep– Pig

• Flora– Sycamore– Acacia nilotica– Tamarisk

• Places of Interest– Suez Canal– Alexandria – Cairo

History• Early

– Many people flooded to the area of water from the Nile and of its riches– First time this country was unified is about 3200 B.C.– Ruled by many Dynasties for three thousand years– Had war and fell to the Persian Dynasty in 341 B.C.– In the 7th Century Islam was first introduced and had ruled the people for the next six

centuries– Ottoman Empire had controlled the land in 1517– Suez Canal was completed on 1869– Britain gained control in 1882

• Modern– Had gained partial independence in 1922– On WWII begin they had allied with Americans and British forces to stop Nazis Germany

from controlling all of North Africa– In 1952, Egypt had finally gotten full sovereignty as they overthrew the monarchy setup

there– Now, is the largest population in the Arab world

Political

• Arab Republic of Egypt • Type of Government

– Executive• Chief of State: President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak • Head of Government: Prime Minister Ahmed Mohamed Nazif• Cabinet: Cabinet

– Legislative• Advisory Council

– Judicial• Supreme Constitutional Court

Economy• Industry

– textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures

• Exports– $22.91 billion– crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food

• Imports– $43.98 billion– machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels

• Economic Status– Debt: $28.45 billion

• Unemployment rate– 9.7%

• Major Trade Partners– Italy, Germany, US, Spain, India, Syria, China

• Trade Associations– Orascom group

– 20% Below Poverty Line– Well-balanced Country– Most parts aren’t habitual

• Literacy– Total Population: 71.4%– Male: 83%– Female: 59.4%

• Clothing– Galabya- cotton robes– Fez Hat– Vest

Culture• Customs

– Heavily influenced by Egyptian literature, music, Film and television

– Modern Western culture• Religions

– Muslim 90%, Coptic 9%, Christian 1%• Foods

– Kebab– Ful medames– Kushari

• Music and Dance– Mamba-most popular in Cairo– Harps and Flutes played in 4000 BC– Pop Music– Belly Dance-or Raqs Sharqi

Winter Olympics

Conclusion

• Pyramids of Giza– Part as the Seven wonders of the World– Pyramid of Khufu

• Largest of the Three Pyramids in the Giza Region• Built for the fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh

Khufu• Constructed over a 20-year period

– Pyramid of Khafre• Built by Khafre’s, father Khufu• Second Largest pyramid

– Pyramid of Menkaure• Serve as the tomb of the Pharaoh Menkaure• Completed 26th Century BC

Austria

Country Description

• Climate– temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with

frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers

• Location– Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia

– west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping

• Rivers, Lakes, Oceans– Gulf of Vienna– Danube River

• Fauna– Geese– Harrows– Falcons– Eagle

• Flora– Beech Tree– Conifers

• Special Places– Alps

History• Early

– Had been controlled by Celtics before pre-Roman times– After the fall of the Romans they were invaded by Bavarians, Slavs, and Avars– Ruled by the Habsburgs– Battle of Vienna broke Ottoman Empire’s advance toward Europe in 1683– Archduke Ferdinand of Austria had been assassinated in 1914– This led to war with Serbia and allied troops– One million Austro-Hungarian soldiers died in WWI– As a result they had their country split into Austria and Hungary

• Modern– Austria had than joined Hitler and the Nazi party for WWII against Allied forces once

again– They had lost and had their lands split again– Austria had than split form any control of Germany by the State Treaty in 1955– Had joined the European Union in 1995– Now has a seat on the UN security Council

Political• Republic of Austria • Type of Government

– Federal Republic• Government Leaders

– Executive• Chief of State President Heinz

Fischer• Head of Government: Chancellor

Werner Faymann• Cabinet: Council of Ministers

– Legislative• Federal Assembly

– Judicial• Supreme Judicial Court

Economy• Industry

– Construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism

• Exports– $129 billion – Machinery and equipment, motor vehicles and parts, paper and paperboard, metal goods,

chemicals, iron and steel, textiles, foodstuffs• Imports

– $136 billion– Machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products; foodstuffs

• Economic Status– Debt: $808.9 billion– Unemployment rate: 4.7%

• Major Trade Partners– Germany, US, Italy, Swiss, Netherlands

• Trade Associations– Austrian Federal Economic Chamber

Daily Life

• Standard of Living– 12th richest country in the world– High living cost

• Literacy– Total Population: 98%

• Clothing– Trousers made of leather– Jackets– Formal dresses

Cultural• Customs

– Famous music composers– Environmental forms of Art

• Religions– Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%

• Foods– Influenced by Czech, Italian, Balkan, French and Hungarian– Wiener Schnitzel– Kaiserschmarrn

• Music and Dance– Famous composers

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart• Michael Haydn

– Classical music• Unique Places

– Vienna– Salzburg

Winter OlympicsTotal Medal Count 16• Snowboard Men's Parallel Giant Slalom Benjamin Karl • Bronze Snowboard Women's Parallel Giant Slalom Marion Kreiner • Silver Alpine Skiing Women's Slalom Marlies Schild • Silver Biathlon Men's 4x7.5 km Relay Simon Eder, Daniel Mesotitsch, Dominik Landertinger, Christoph

Sumann • Bronze Nordic Combined Individual Large Hill/10 km CC Bernhard Gruber• Bronze Alpine Skiing Women's Giant Slalom Elisabeth Goergl • Gold Nordic Combined Team/4x5 km CC Bernhard Gruber, David Kreiner, Felix Gottwald, Mario Stecher • Gold Ski Jumping Team Andreas Kofler, Wolfgang Loitzl, Thomas Morgenstern, Gregor Schlierenzauer• Silver Freestyle Skiing Men's Ski Cross Andreas Matt • Bronze Ski Jumping LH Individual Gregor Schlierenzauer• Gold Alpine Skiing Women's Super-G Andrea Fischbacher • Gold Luge Doubles Wolfgang Linger, Andreas Linger• Bronze Alpine Skiing Women's Downhill Elisabeth Goergl• Silver Luge Women's Singles Nina Reithmayer • Silver Biathlon Men's 12.5 km Pursuit Christoph Sumann • Bronze Ski Jumping NH Individual Gregor Schlierenzauer

Conclusion

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart– 600 works composed– Born January 27, 1756– Spent his childhood in

Salzburg– Learned his art of music from

others– Famous Music• Requiem Mass

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