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8/6/2019 French Education System10
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Minister of National Education(Education Nationale)
Luc Chatel
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Minister of Higher Education &Research
Valérie PECRESSE
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Jules Ferry Laws
Free Education since 1881
Laicity (1882)
Creation of ModernRepublican School
(école républicaine )
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French Education System
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Divided into three parts:
primary education ( enseignement primaire );
secondary education ( enseignement secondaire );
tertiary or college education(enseignement supérieur)
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Primary Education
Ecole publique or école privée
‘ Académie ’ system
Age 3 – 10
Mandatory schooling from 6 – 16
(since 1967)
Grande section – introduction to reading
CP – writing
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Professeur des écoles (instituteur/trice)Laïcité (secularism) precept of FrenchRepublicCivics - La République – Liberté,Fraternité, Egalité.
March 2004 ‘conspicuous religioussymbols’ banned from schools
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Secondary Education
Private & Public schools
Collège and Lycée
Examinations and content
Terminale and Baccalauréat
Grades out of 20Aim is examination preparation
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7 Skills
1. Mastery of French language
2. Practical knowledge of LV2
3. Basics in Maths, Science and Technology4. Techniques of communication & obtaining
information
5. Humanities6. Social and Civic responsibility
7. Autonomy and Initiative
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Bac
Divided into three streams – séries
Scientifique (S)
Economique et Sociale (ES)
Littéraire (L)
No specializationBaccalauréat technologique and
Baccalauréat professionnel
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Issues in Primary Sector
Salary and motivation of school teachers
Saturday school
Integration of disabled childrenStatus of teacher in society
Sport art and Culture
Professional working mothersCarte Scolaire (abolished in 2007)
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Issues in Secondary Sector
Reform of the Lycée
Masterization of Teacher Training
Orientation issues
Reduction of No. of posts
Reduce No. of students without bacInequality in educational offering
Language studies/culture/responsibility
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History of Higher Education
13th century – first university
Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées – first Grande Ecole (1747)Ecole de Mines (1783)
Ecole Polytechnique (1794)
First state University (1806)
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Ecole Polytechnique (X)
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Tertiary Education
3 types of Tertiary Education
Grandes Ecoles
Universities
Institutes of Technology
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Pecularities of Higher Education
Small size and multiplicity of establishments
Graduate programmes operated incommon
Teaching staff – chargés de cours
Scientific research – CNRS; INSERM
Low tuition costs
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Classes Préparatoires (CPGE)
Competitive entry to CPGE
Between secondary and tertiary education
Private CPGE’s
Heavy workload
Colles – Khôlles Aim – entry into Grandes Ecoles
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Grande Ecoles
Specialization – Engineering, Business
Selective entry after Prepa or AST1/2
Prestige and elite
Produce France’s scientists/engineersand business executives
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Grandes Ecoles
Diplôme d’Ingénieur – (1934)
Diplôme de Grande Ecole
Other specialisations – ENS; ENA;
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Characteristics of Grande Ecole
1. Small size establishments
2. Highly selective admission process
3. Long studies
4. Mobility and faculty5. Integrated and flexible education methods
6. Close ties with industry (Alumni network)
7. Research activity
8. European and International focus
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Universities in France
UFR – Unité de formation et de la Recherche =Departments
Offer Licence (Bachelor’s) and Maîtrise (Master’s) degrees
Democratisation of education
Master Pro & Master Recherche
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Maîtrise features
Professionnally- or research-oriented
Strong link with recent research
Widening joint degrees procedure (co-habilitation)
European and international dimension
Commonly shared by universities andGrande Ecoles
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Doctoral Studies
Doctoral schools
Collective dialogue via seminars andcourses11,000 new doctorate degrees each year
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Institutes of Technology
IUT or STS
Bac + 2
Vocational training
DUT – Diplôme universitaire de technologie
BTS – Brevet de technicien supérieur
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Aims of Bologna
Europe converge towards a more
transparent system whereby the different
national systems would use a common
framework based on three cycles –
Degree/ Bachelor, Master and Doctorate
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Lisbon Council - 2000
« The most competitive and dynamicknowledge-based economy in the world,
capable of sustainable economic growthwith more and better jobs and greater social cohesion »
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Bologna Process - 19 June 1999
1. Diploma Supplement2. Two Cycles (LMD)3. European Credit Transfer System
(ECTS)4. Mobility5. Quality Assurance6. European Higher Education Area (2010)
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France & Bolgna Process
LMD implemented before 2007
Reforms
Doctoral studies – co-supervision of thesesEvaluation of teachers-researchers
Cooperation between universities; grande ecoles
and research institutes
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Issues in Education
Lifelong learning
Massification and elite systems
Access and wider participationEU harmonization
E-learning
Autonomy and competition
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Reform of Higher Education
Lack of researchers (CNRS/Inserm)Decrease in doctoral students – salaryand thesis systemAutonomy of universitiesPartenerships with Grande Ecoles,
Industry and Higher Education sector PRES – Pôles de Recherche etd’Enseignement Supèrieur
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University Strikes in 2009
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Reform of Higher Education
LRU (Loi sur la Réforme des Universités)
Strikes in 2009 (15 weeks)
Professional Status of Professors
Recruitment & Autonomy
Research & Teaching
Republican vs Neo-liberal conception
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Pierre Bourdieu (1930 – 2002)
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Theory of Practice
HABITUS
FIELD
CAPITALEconomic
Social
Cultural●
Embodied State● Objectified State● Institutionalised State
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Martin Trow
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Martin Trow (1926 – 2007)
Concepts of Higher Education
Elite
Mass
Universal
d
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Power in Education
State
Market Academy
i i
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Discussion
1. What do you find postive about the Frencheducation system?
1. What needs to be improved in the FrenchEducation System
1. How does your native education systemcompare to the French system?