Post on 23-Dec-2015
transcript
Freshwater Biomes
Chapter 10
Objectives
Describe the factors that characterize the various types of aquatic biomes.
* Drinking * Cooking * Bathing * Transportation *
* Electrical Energy * Cooling *
10.1 Aquatic Biomes
Freshwater Video
Aquatic Habitats
Ones in which the organisms live in or on the water.
Aquatic Biome CharacteristicsSalinityDepthDissolved OxygenFlow Rate
Salinity
The amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water.
Salt water: 30 ppt Fresh water: 0.5 ppt Brackish water: in between Salt Lake (hypersaline): 40 ppt
Depth Depth relates to the amount of sunlight Sunlight determines the amounts and types of
plants Since plants provide the food for animals, depth
determines the amount and types of animals
Depth Zones Photic Zone
The top layer of water that receives enough sunlight for photosynthesis
Aphotic Zone Sunlight never reaches Very deep lakes and the oceans
Benthic Zone The floor of a body of water May have plants and animals depending on depth
Quick Quiz 10.1QQ
1. Settlers used rivers for2. Aquatic Biome Characteristics3. Aquatic Biome Characteristics4. Aquatic Biome Characteristics5. Aquatic Biome Characteristics6. 15 ppt salt7. Reduces with depth8. A depth zone9. A depth zone10. A depth zone
A. SunlightB. DepthC. BenthicD. Flow RateE. AphoticF. SalinityG. TransportationH. PhoticI. Salt water J. Dissolved
OxygenK. Brackish
10.2 Standing-Water Ecosystems
Objectives Identify the characteristics of different types of
standing-water ecosystems Explain the value of wetlands and the reason for
their decline
Standing Water Organisms
Several levels of habitat Top level supports the plankton community
Microorganisms that float on surface of waterBottom of aquatic food web
Standing Water Organisms
Two types of planktonPhytoplankton
Carries out photosynthesisThe main producers in aquatic biomes
ZooplanktonDo not carry out photosynthesisConsumers of phytoplankton
Lake
Question
Which is it?
A. Lake
B. Pond
C. Swamp
D. Bog
Pond
Question
Which is it?
A. Lake
B. Pond
C. Swamp
D. Bog
Lakes & Ponds Video
Wetlands
Ecosystems in which the roots of plants are submerged under water at least part of the year
Marshes Swamps Bogs Soil is soaked in water Very low in dissolved oxygen
Wetlands continued
Very importantAct as filters, detoxifying chemicals in the
waterBreeding, feeding & resting grounds for
waterfowlFlood protectionRefilling of aquifers
Marsh
Question
Which is it?
A. Swamp
B. Marsh
C. Mangrove
D. Bog
Marsh Video
SwampQuestion
Which is it?
A. Swamp
B. Marsh
C. Mangrove
D. Bog
Swamp Video
Mangrove Swamp
Question
Which is it?
A. Swamp
B. Marsh
C. Mangrove
D. Bog
Mangrove Video
The Bog
Question
Which is it?
A. Swamp
B. Marsh
C. Mangrove
D. Bog
Bog Video
Wetlands vs Humans
Being destroyed at an alarming rateNot as attractive as other natural habitatsBreeding grounds for mosquitoesUnpleasant odor – swamp gas – methaneValuable land for developmentUsed as landfills
Florida Everglades
Much was drained to create farmland. The natural cycle was destroyed and
populations of many organisms was greatly reduced
Some land has been returned to wetlands and the water flow has been adjusted
Still an endangered habitat but now there is hope
Quick Quiz t/f 10.2QQ
1. The bottom of the aquatic food web is plankton.2. Zooplankton carries out photosynthesis.3. Phytoplankton is a consumer.4. Marshes, swamps & bogs are wetlands.5. Wetlands are important because they protect from floods.6. Roots of wetland plants are submerged under water at
least part of the year7. Wetlands should be destroyed because they breed
mosquitoes and they smell.8. The Everglades are expanding and threatening the take
over of Florida.9. Draining the Everglades is an important step towards
solving the alligator problem.10. Swamps have lots of trees but marshes typically do not.
10.3 Flowing Water Ecosystems
Objective
Describe how abiotic factors of gravity, erosion, and sedimentation affect stream ecosystems
Scientists call all aboveground bodies of flowing freshwater streams
Stream Organisms
Adapt to the waters movementPlants have roots that keep them in placeSome organisms burrow into sandy bottomsSome have hooks to grab hold of plantsSome have suckers to anchor to rocksSome have ability to swim upstreamSeek calm pools at sides of streams
Stream Flow
Often begin from runoff from melting snow
Flow downhill Flow towards the
oceans At source (head) flow
is too fast for most organisms
Stream Video
Stream Flow continued
As stream slows, small particles settle to bottom called sediments.
Sediments provide a place for plants to growPhytoplankton multiplyEnough food to support consumers
The Course of a Stream
Sedimentation and erosion cause the course to change
Results in a winding or meandering of the stream
Human Activity Streams changed dramatically by human activity Dams and reservoirs Stream beds become lake bottoms Levees and dikes for flood control Dredging for shipping Changing the course of a stream damages or
destroys the delicate habitats of many organisms
The End
Quick Quiz QQ10.3
1. Abiotic factors of gravity, e_____, and s_____ affect stream ecosystems
2. Scientists call all aboveground bodies of flowing freshwater ______
3. Adaptations to the waters movement include h___ & s____.
4. Stream flow often begins from runoff from m___ s___.5. Streams flow d_____ towards the o_____.6. At source (head) flow is too fast for most o______.7. As stream slows, small particles settle to bottom called
s______ providing a place for p______ to grow8. Meandering is caused by s_____ and e______.9. Streams are often damaged by _______ activity.