From 1960 to the 1970s Chapters 28 - 29. Election of 1960 Kennedy vs. Nixon The Debates Catholicism...

transcript

From 1960 to the 1970s

Chapters 28 - 29

Election of 1960• Kennedy vs. Nixon

• The Debates

• Catholicism

• Chicago

Election of 1960• Inauguration

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLmiOEk59n8– (Beginning and 11:30)

John F. Kennedy in Oval Office with son playing beneath the desk.

Domestic Politics

• Successes and Failures

• Space Race

Domestic Politics

• Civil Rights– Freedom Riders– James Meredith

James Meredith, the first African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi (1962).

Domestic Politics• Civil Rights

– MLK & Birmingham– March on Washington

• “I have a dream”• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbUtL_0vAJk• (12:00)

Civil rights leaders (ML King on left) meet with Attorney General Robert Kennedy and Vice President Lyndon Johnson in June 1963.

The crowd at the civil rights march on Washington in 1963.

Civil rights march from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial was led by A. Philip Randolph and Roy Wilkins.

Cold War

• Flexible Response

• Bay of Pigs

• Operation Mongoose

Cold War

• Peace Corps

• Alliance for Progress

• Berlin Wall

Cold War

• Cuban Missile Crisis– How was it resolved?

Cold War

• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

The Kennedys waving to people of Dallas, Texas moments before the President was shot.

Assassination• November 22,

1963 – Dallas– Lee Harvey Oswald– Warren

Commission

• Similarities to Lincoln

• Camelot

Snapshot of Lee Harvey Oswald

Lyndon Baines Johnson

• Background

• Continuing Kennedy’s programs– Tax cut– Civil Rights

Lyndon B. Johnson

Signing the Civil Rights Bill of 1964

Johnson’s “Great Society”

• Civil Rights Act of 1964 – a Landmark!– The Filibuster– What did it do?

• Forbade discrimination in hotels, motels, restaurants, theaters, sporting arenas

• Discrimination based on race, religion, gender, or national origin in the workplace is illegal

• Created the EEOC to enforce it

– Result?• Most businesses in the South’s cities and larger towns

desegregated quickly

Election of 1964

• Johnson vs. Barry Goldwater– TV advertising– Goldwater – “father of modern conservatism?”

• http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1964

Election of 1964

• Economic Opportunity Act – War on Poverty– Job Corps – for job training– VISTA– Project Head Start

• War on Poverty– Medicare – 1965 – for the elderly– Medicaid – for the poor

• Department of HUD created – 1966

• Immigration Act of 1965

• National Endowment for the Arts– PBS

• Space program

• 24th Amendment – abolished the poll tax

• Voting Rights Act of 1965– Enforces 15th Amendment– Outlawed literacy tests– Federal government could

send registrars to the South

• Affirmative action– Reverse discrimination?– Bakke v. California – 1978

• Appointment of Thurgood Marshall to Supreme Court

Racial Conflict

• Black Separatism – Where have we heard this before?

• Malcolm X– Black Power

Racial Conflict

• Stokely Carmichael– Black Panthers

• “Long, hot summers”– Watts– Detroit

• Kerner Commission

• MLK Assassination 4/4/68

Counterculture

• New Left– Tom Hayden – SDS – Students for a

Democratic Society

• Counterculture– Hippies– Music

• Woodstock

Counterculture

The Warren Court• Earl Warren - Chief Justice

Compared with John Marshall – why?

• Brown v. Board – school desegregation-1954• Baker v. Carr – “one man, one vote” - 1962• Mapp v. Ohio – exclusionary rule - 1961• Gideon v. Wainwright – right to counsel even

if poor - 1963• Miranda v. Arizona – protection against self-

incrimination - 1966• Engel v. Vitale – prohibits school-led prayer

in public schools - 1962

• Sexual Revolution – Why?Sexual Revolution – Why?• Eleanor Roosevelt’s

Commission• Betty Friedan

– The Feminine Mystique – 1973

– NOW– Called for Equal Rights

Amendment• Passed by Congress, but not

ratified by the states • Opposition (Phyllis Schafly)

Women• Roe v. Wade – 1973

• Title IX

• “Firsts” for Women

Other Minorities

• Mexican – Americans– Cesar Chavez

• Native Americans

LBJ’s Legacy

• Successes– No president since Lincoln did more for civil

rights– Poverty rate declined measurably – Why?

• Later, programs were criticized by conservatives – why?

• Effect of Vietnam

Vietnam War

• Dien Bien Phu – 1954

• Country divided – 17th parallel

• Domino Theory

Vietnam War

• North vs South– Ho Chi Minh – N

• Army was the Vietcong

– Ngo Dinh Diem – S

• Kennedy and Vietnam– Fall of Diem– What would JFK have done had he lived?

Vietnam War

• Johnson and Vietnam

• Key Advisors– Dean Rusk – Sec of State– Robert McNamara – Sec of Defense

• Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - 1964

Vietnam War

• Escalation– Increase of troops

• Operation Rolling Thunder

Vietnam War

• Air War– Why?– Agent Orange– Napalm

• Ground War– Guerrilla style

Search and Destroy missions

A B-52 bomber takes off from the Marianas Islands for the 4,800 mile roundtrip to bomb Vietnam in 1967.

A “Chinook” helicopter removes a howitzer from a forward “firebase”.

The helicopter was used to deploy American troops quickly in the Vietnam War.

American soldiers on a “search and destroy” mission in 1967.

American soldiers on patrol in Vietnam.

Vietnam War

• Tet Offensive, 1968– Vietcong attack 100

cities, bases, and embassy

– Not Militarily successful, but Psychologically very successful

– Why?• Walter Cronkite’s response

Vietnam War

• Antiwar Movement– Who?– Why?

• The draft

• Role of the media

Anti-war protesters jeering US Army troops outside the Pentagon during the 1967 “peace march.”

Military police guard the mall entrance to the Pentagon during the 1967 anti-war protest.

US Marshalls use nightsticks to keep anti-war protesters away from the Pentagon in 1967.

Anti-war protester being physically removed from the Pentagon area.

Vietnam War• Hawks vs Doves

• Public support

• Johnson’s announcement – 3/31/68

Vietnam War• Election of 1968

– Democratic candidates• Eugene McCarthy• Robert Kennedy• Hubert Humphrey

– Democratic Convention in Chicago– Nixon’s Southern Strategy– George Wallace (American Independent Party)

Vietnam War

• 1968 – the year of shocks– Tet, deaths of MLK, RFK, Democratic

Convention violence

• Nixon and Vietnam– Vietnamization– Appeal to the great “silent majority”– Negotiations

• Cambodia (escalation) – Why?– Effects

Vietnam War• Cambodia

• More protests – Why?– Kent State, Ohio –

5/3/70– Jackson State, Miss. –

one week later

• Pentagon Papers, 1971– Daniel Ellsberg – New York Times v. U.S.

Vietnam War

• Ending the war

• Peace Accords (1973)– Fall of South Vietnam – 1975

• Costs of the war

• Nixon abolishes the draft – 1973

• 26th Amendment – 1971– Voting age lowered from 21 to 18 – Why?

Vietnam Pictures

From 1960 to the 1970s Chapters 28 - 29. Election of 1960 Kennedy vs. Nixon The Debates Catholicism...

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