Post on 16-Feb-2017
transcript
from local/regional OER Silos towards an OER Global Dataspace
The Open Education Global Conference 2016 Kraków, Poland from the 12th to 14th of April 2016, at the AGH University of Science and Technology. The theme of #oeglobal is Convergence Through
Collaboration.
Nelson Piedra | @nopiedra
Nelson Piedra, Janneth Chicaiza, Jorge López Universidad Técnica particular de Loja, Ecuador
Departamento de Ciencias de la ComputaciónLoja, Ecuador
nopiedra@utpl.edu.ec, {jachicaiza, jalopez2}@utpl.edu.ec
Edmundo Tovar CaroUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid
Dpto. Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos e Ingeniería Softwareedmundo.tovar@upm.es
Summary: Connect Distributed and Heterogeneous Open Educational Data
And Resources across the Web• The problem: In recent years, distributed and heterogeneous data stores has gaining attention
of many researchers that attempts to logically interoperate and integrate several different independent distributed heterogeneous data stores while allowing the local systems to maintain complete control of their operations. In the OER context, the heterogeneous and distributed repositories/resources connection is only theoretically feasible, but unfeasible in practice because of the extremely heterogeneous and distributed environment. Sometimes the ability to access, re-use, and integrate data sources, providing a wide degree of flexibility and interoperability in a federated environment, even cannot be established.
• Goal: Use Semantic Web approach and Linked data technologies to consolidate and integrate OER repositories and resources to ensure the best discovery, use, and reuse of OER. Linked data is essential to connect the semantic web.
• Approach: Linked Data is about using the Web to connect related data that wasn't previously linked, or using the Web to lower the barriers to linking data currently linked using other methods. More specifically, Wikipedia defines Linked Data as "a term used to describe a recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting pieces of data, information, and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF.” [Tim Berners-Lee, 2006]. Currently, Linked Data delivers the most scalable and best performing interoperability available for Web data sources.
to remember,
OPEN: "A piece of knowledge is open if you
are free to use, reuse, adapt and redistribute it"
http://www.opendefinition.org/okd
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#OER
#LO
CWD#LinkedD
ata#U
PM#UTPL
CHALLENGESTOADOPTINGOER
• ThebarriersthatfacultyciteimpactingtheadoptionofOERarerelatedtotheeaseoffinding,selectingtheappropriateresourceandevaluationofOER[1].
• Difficultsreportedare:Nocomprehensivecatalog;ToohardtofindwhatIneed;Notenoughresourcesformysubject;NotknowingifIhavepermissiontouseorchange;Notrelevanttomylocalcontext;Nothigh-quality(e.g.see[23]);NotusedbyotherfacultyIknow;Lackofsupportfrommyinstitution;ToodifficulttointegrateintotechnologyIuse;Noteffectiveatimprovingstudentperformance;Toodifficulttochangeoredit;Toodifficulttouse;Notcurrent,up-to-date.
Are OER Really Open? No, there is still much to do.
OER are made available under a Open License. However, legally free not imply
that the OER is easy to discover, use, reuse, adapt, remix, and share.
An open license doesn’t OER make.
Current OER Ecosystem: Distributed Silos Limited discovering integration, single access
Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System A: (autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository Storage Layer (Deposits, collections, metadata catalogue)
Silo
Web
Ser
vice
s/A
PI Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System B: (autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository Storage Layer (Deposits, collections, metadata catalogue)
Silo
Web
Ser
vice
s/A
PI
Business Architecture
Information Architecture
Technological Layer
Presentation Layer
OER Information System C: (autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Repository Storage Layer (Deposits, collections, metadata catalogue)
Silo
Web
Ser
vice
s/A
PI
The Web - HTTP
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CurrentSituaZon:OERSilos
• HeterogeneousOERstructures/technologies/semanZcs.
• Largeamountsofunstructured,andsemi-structureddata.
• AlthoughthecollecteddatafromopeneducaZonalrepositoriesmayhavecertainstructureacceptedbycommunity,butnotallOERdatahaveansimilarorcompa;blestructureandmeaning.
• OpeneducaZonmaterialesaresharedasInformaZonSilosor"WalledGardens”.
The Tower of Babel by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1563) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_Babel
OERecosystem?
An opportunity for OER Community:
The presence of OER silos impedes the interoperability, discovery, synthesis, and flow of knowledge.
Additionally, It’s difficult to develop tools for consume global OER from multiple OER silos.
Goal:Exploitationand
integrationofheterogeneousanddistributeddatasets.
Tools:Queries,analysis,andvisualizations
datastore
Technologies and methodologies Models Layers, data,
symbology
Metadata
Services
OER Repository B Regional Initiative datastore
Technologies and methodologies
Models Metadata and standards
Services
OER Directory C OER Consorcia
Layers, data, symbology
Datastore
Technologies and methodologies
Models
Layers, data, symbology
Metadata
Services
OER Repository A Local/National Initiative
Challenge: connect silos of OER data distributed across the Web
Scenario: heterogeneous and distribute environment Problem: (a) lack of integration and interoperability facilities (b) overlap of information (c) ambiguity in identification of resources (d) heterogeneity
Other Datasources
OER Silo A
OER Silo B
OER Silo C
OER Silo DData Requirement OER query, explore,
re-use, re.mix
(z) au
tonomy
heterogeneity (x)di
strib
utio
n (y
)
subo
rdina
ting
homogenizingce
ntra
lizin
g
Managers have been told to break down the walls between siloed information systems. A information silo is a system that operates in isolation or separately from others systems.
P1
P2
Current OER Ecosystem:
Distributed Silos
The Solution not is: subordinating, homogenizing, or centralizing OER Information Systems.
An best approach is developing OER Semantically Interoperable Ecosystem.
Challenge: OER Interoperability and Global Integration Approach: Linked data have the potential of create bridges between OER data silos.
Mo;va;on:DiscoveryandRe-useofOpenEduca;onalResources…
The World Wide Web uses relatively simple technologies with sufficient scalability, efficiency and utility that they have resulted in a remarkable information space of interrelated resources, growing across languages, cultures, and media.
The 2001 Scientific American article by Berners-Lee, Hendler, and Lassie described an expected evolution of the existing Web to a Semantic Web.
See: http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/262614/1/Semantic_Web_Revisted.pdf
The Semantic WebA new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities
By Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora Lassila on May 1, 2001
“The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation”.
“Make the Web understandable for machines”.
The term was coined by Tim Berners-Lee for a web of data that can be processed by machines.
See http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-semantic-web/
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
May 2001Volume 284, Issue 5
UseofLinkedDataonOERDomain
• ThephilosophyofLinkedDataisthatthevalueandusefulnessofdataincreaseinproportiontotheirlinkswithotherdata.
• ThegoalofLinkedDataistoenablehumanbeingstoeasilysharestructureddataviatheWebjustastheysharedocumentsnow.
• Onthisground,LinkedDatausestheWebtocreatedifferenttypesoflinksamongdatafromdifferentsources.
<href> <href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
<href>
from Web of Documents (unstructured information)
to Web of Linked Data (structured information)
RDF Links
<\> HTML
<\> HTML <\> HTML
<\> HTML
<\> HTML
<\> HTML
<\> HTML
<\> HTML
<href>
Towards single OER global dataspace
Using RDF to publish structure data on the Web, ontologies as an explicit specification of a conceptualization, URI for every Web resource, and linking between data resources within different data sources.
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Linked Data is Data Interoperability The need for communication and interoperation between autonomous and distributed information systems is increasing with the increasing usage of the Web.
e.g. interoperability between heterogeneous and distributed environments
TED2009 Tim Berners-Lee on the next Web
Breaking down the walls. Understanding an greater empathy.
(z) au
tonomy
heterogeneity (x)di
strib
utio
n (y
)
Working
toge
ther a
nd
conn
ectin
g exp
erien
ces
Con
nect
and
in
form
atio
n ex
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ge
Autonomy, heterogeneity and distribution are not the bigger problem. The key problem is the presence of silos and poor collaboration to establish agreements towards global interoperability.
The LOD4OER initiative is a effort fostering global collaboration to address interoperability and integration challenges in OER ecosystem and open education. Silos and isolation must stop. The way is breaking down the silos and facilitating collaboration.
Grade of Interoperability P(x,y,z)
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OER Interoperability, the ability of OER information systems to exchange and make use of information.
OER Ecosystem Semantically Interoperable
• BecauseLinkedDataholdsthepotentialtomoveourOERcollectionsoutoftheirsilos
• Openthedataandcontentsilos,toleveragetheknowledgecapitalrepresentedbyourOERrepositories
• Toenrichourinformationlandscape,toimprovevisibility
• Toimproveeaseofdiscoveryopenacademicresources
• ToimproveeaseofconsumptionandreuseofOER• ToreduceredundancyinsearchedofOER• PromotinginnovationandAddedValuetoOpen
EducationalContent
WhypublishLinkedOERData?
EXAMPLE: raw data within UPM opencourseware web page
Title
OCW University
Author(s)
year
description
knowledge area
bibliography
ects credits
time autoself
Department
syllabus
LinkedDataforOERPrinciplesLOD4OERapproachisbasedonTheLinkedDataDesignIssues,inOERcontext,are:
1. UseURIsasnamesforthings,whichcanbeunambiguouslyidentified(e.g.OERs,coursewares,OERcreators,OERproviders,knowledgeareas,)
2. UseHTTPURIssothatpeoplecanlookupthosenames.WiththeaidofURIs,thecorrespondingOERdataandrelevantinterlinkeddatacanbedereferenced.
3. RDFtodescribeandSPARQLtoqueries.WhensomeonelooksupaURI,provideusefulinformation,usingthestandards(RDF*,SPARQL)todescribelinkedOERdata,whicharemachine-readableandrepurposedtoservetheproposedarchitecturetoenhanceintegrationwithreusedandinteroperatedOERdata.
4. IncludelinkstootherURIs,sothattheycandiscovermoreentities.LinkedData—particularlydataavailableusingopenlicenses—hasanimportantroletoplayoninformationsystemsandcouldbeakeyfeatureforOpenEducationbasedonOERdataontheWebofData.
HTTP URI
RDF
SPARQL
HTTP-URIs to denote/identifies anything at all through the Web. URIs, in the web architecture, have been used
to"information resources” or web-pages, leaving a consistent architecture.
RDF enables you to open your data to applications through the Web. RDF is very flexible and extensible.
RDF is a way of recording and sharing semantic information about resources.
RDF Triples Resource Description Framework"
subject <uri>
traits or aspects of the resource
predicate typed-link
traits or aspects of the resource
object <uri> or “literal”
traits or aspects of the resource
OER Community OER Interoperability Framework Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER repositories
thegoalisenhancethediscoverability,reuseandintegrationofOERintoclassroominstruction.Fromageneralperspective,theframeworkisthesynergybetweenLinkedOERDataandhumanexpertise.
Proposed
framework
Synergy Human Expert and Linked OER Data System
Theproposedframeworkcombinesthetraditionsofknowledgesharingandcreation(humanpower)withemergenttechnology
tocreateavastecosystemofopenlysharededucationalresources,whileharnessingtoday’scollaborativespiritto
developeducationalapproachesthataremoreresponsivetolearner’sneeds.
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OER Ecosystem (Global OER Dataspace
Semantically Interoperable)
OER ecosystem composed of silos of information — heterogeneous, autonomous and distributed.
OER Silo B
OER Silo A
Models: OWL, RDFS, SKOS
OER Silo C
Information exchange and Queries: RDF and SPARQL
Global names for OER entities: HTTP-URIs enables data from different sources to be connected and queried.
The Web as Platform
Federated Queries
OER services/applications based on LOD4OER
OER Ecosystem Semantically Interoperable Global OER Dataspace — Efficient and
effective cross-border and cross-knowledge interaction/integration
between information systems.
Linked Data is used to publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful.
Open Educational Resources Ecosystem Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER information systems (autonomous, heterogeneous and distribute).
OER Interoperability Considerations
OER Interoperability Ecosystem Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge interaction/integration between OER information systems
(autonomous, heterogeneous and distributed)
Organizational Considerations
Technological Considerations
Legal Considerations (open licensing)
Agreements
Strategy vision & Support Setting strategic goals, requirements,
priorities and support common agreements of collaboration (LOD4OER work force).
Web of LD
OER Data Provider
SPAR
QL
endp
oint
OER Data Provider
SPAR
QL
endp
oint
SPAR
QL
endp
oint
OER Data integrator
OER OER
OER
OER metadata/data as Linked Open Data
Continuous improvement
Context: Open Education, EFA and OER Declarations; International effort in production of OER, development
of OER Practices, agreements about interoperability, sharing and reuse;
LD best practices and tools.
Actors: OER providers, OER consumers, OER consortia,
researchers, and developers.
OER Community
OER4LOD Life-cycle Semantic Resources
Best PracticesUser interface and OER Applications based on LOD4OER
OER APPs and Mashups
OER Search and Discovery
Productivity and data integration
Information and Semantics Considerations
⚙ OER Apps based on LOD4OER
Data source analysis: identify OER providers
& select content/resources offered with a free and open license.
i. Select sources of data (information sources)
• Specification: scope and explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by LOD4OER.
• Describe the main technical features of the data selected.
Concept mapping
base URI: http://purl.org/locwd/ RDFS: http://purl.org/locwd/schema# Resources: http://purl.org/locwd/resources/
URI design
Vocabulary development (search/reuse ontologies)
ii. Ontology modelling
LOD4OER Common and consensuated
ontology
2
3
4
iii. Generation of RDF resources
Define data patterns for
RDF conversion
Data cleansing (detecting and
correcting corrupt or inaccurate data),
disambiguation & data reconciliation
Content extraction from selected datasources
(APIs, sql, csv, JSON, WS, or scraping for
non-structured content)
iv. Data publication (storage level)
Data enrichment
Extractor of data patterns
(entity recognition, classification &
clustering)
• Generation of URI Cools • Create RDF links to
resources in the LOD-Cloud)
Publish extracted data as LinkedData
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7
8
9
10
1
Sparql EndPoint
Repositories of Open Educational Resources
OER mobile
data visualization
recommender systems (for use, reuse and adaptation of OER)
OER discovery tools
Faceted semantic search
OER Apps based on Linked Data
Learning assistant based on OER
LOD4OER Triple-store
Linked OER Data
• URIs for OER things • RDF for describe Entities • Links to other LOD-things
v. Application Layer
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12
raw content
raw data
Facilitate finding, retrieving, sharing and adaptation of OER
linked data design issues and data quality assurance
OCW-S Builder (MOOCs based on OER)
OER-nuggets
@nopiedra#OCW#OER#LOCWD#LinkedData#UPM#UTPL
LOERD: Linked OpenEducationalResources Data
Public DomainAPI
Open Educational Resources Providers
OER Interoperability Ecosystem Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge interaction/integration between OER repositories
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D4OER
OER APPs and Mashups
OER Search and Discovery
Productivity and data integration
User interface and OER Applications
Information interchange: RDF RDF (& RDF Schema relationships
semantics are accessible and comprehensible to humans and
machines=
Linked OER Data storage and publishing Query: SPARQL
Identifiers: URI/IRI UNICODE
Representational Vocabularies: RDFS, SKOS
Ontologies: OWL
The Web as Platform: HTTP (as Transport layer)
Semantic Web Infraestructure: LOD4OER
OER’s Silos An information or data silo is an isolated management system incapable of reciprocal operation with other, related information systems.
OER Information silo occurs whenever a OER system is incompatible or not interoperable with other OER systems. Hyperlinks (<href>) are not sufficient to achieve semantic interoperability between OER repositories.
<\> HTML
<href>
<href>
<\> HTML
<\> HTML
Interoperability Framework Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER repositories
Methodology
from OER Silos (Web of Documents - Unstructured information) to OER Interoperability (Web of Linked Data - structured information)
OER Community
EFA and OER Vision; agreements about
interoperability; LD work force, promotes
collaboration, sharing and reuse de best practices
and tools
(Current OER publication)
Actions from/to
Extraction, Transformation and Loading
Continuous improvement
Propose future actions. Analyze & Validate.
Action
Construction and Operation of Semantic Interoperability
OER datastores.
Guidelines to Implementation
Semantic Interoperability Guidelines to contribute to the convergence of interoperable
OER services.
Design
Interoperability approach based in SemWeb and
LD technologies
Openness: publication,
discovery, use, reuse, adaption, add
value, remix, and redistribute of OER
repositories
Sem
antic
Web
App
roac
h an
d Li
nked
Dat
a D
esig
n Is
sues
| O
pen
Lice
nsin
g Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
| D
ata
Pro
vena
nce
| R
euse
Res
ourc
es, L
D B
est P
ract
ices
and
Too
ls
Definitions and Initial
Setting strategic priorities and objectives. Common agreements.
OER Actors: providers, consumers, consortia, researchers, developers
Strategy and Support
OER Interoperability Ecosystem Efficient and effective cross-border and cross-knowledge interaction/integration between OER repositories
OER Community
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D4OER
User interface and OER Applications
Information interchange: RDF RDF (Resource Description Framework ) is a model for representing data as triples.
Linked OER Data storage and publishing
Query: SPARQL SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language provides a way to run Structured Queries over LD datasets
Identifiers: URI/IRI UNICODE A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) provides a simple and extensible means for identifying a resource.
Representational Vocabularies: RDFS, SKOS Vocabularies provide lists (and definitions) of common terms that can be used to describe the contents of a dataset -definitions of classes, properties, relations, and other objects.
Ontologies: OWL “An explicit specification of a conceptualization” (Gruber ontology definition). The ontology defines (specifies) the concepts, relationships, constraints and other distinctions that are relevant for modeling a domain (i.e. OER).
The Web as Platform: HTTP (as Transport layer) OER data is hosted on servers that can talk Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) to each other and to browsers in order to exchange data across the Internet.
Semantic Web Infraestructure: LOD4OER
OER Users: teachers, students, self-learners, researchers
OER Providers, Universities, OER Consortia, OA Initiatives/Repositories.
International declarations and common agreements to support OER vision about OER and EFA (Education for ALL).
Impulse, development and maintenance of Interoperable Open Educational Resources ecosystem. EFA and OER Vision; agreements about interoperability;
LD work force, promotes collaboration, sharing and reuse de best practices and tools
Elements of a Linked Open Data Stack. Adapted from Tim Berners-Lee LD Stack, and draft sketch by Tim Davis for IKM Working Paper on Linked Open Data for Development.
OER APPs and MashupsMashups combine multiple OER and OA datasets to create a new
OER service, data visualization, recommender systems, mobile apps.
Search/DiscoveryLinked Data search engines allow search across the Web of Data. Conventional search may present information derived from linked
data (e.g. WS and JSON-LD).
ProductivityLinked data facilitates data integration for business intelligence or research.
Strategy and
Support
Interoperability Framework Goal: Define and promoting semantic interoperability between OER repositories
MethodologyContinuous improvement
Propose future actions. Analyze & Validate.
Action
Construction and Operation of Semantic Interoperability
OER datastores.
Guidelines to Implementation
Semantic Interoperability Guidelines to contribute to the convergence of interoperable
OER services.
Design
Interoperability approach based in SemWeb and
LD technologies
Openness: publication,
discovery, use, reuse, adaption, add
value, remix, and redistribute of OER
repositories
Sem
antic
Web
App
roac
h an
d Li
nked
Dat
a D
esig
n Is
sues
| O
pen
Lice
nsin
g Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
| D
ata
Pro
vena
nce
| R
euse
Res
ourc
es, L
D B
est P
ract
ices
and
Too
ls
Definitions and Initial
Setting strategic priorities and objectives. Common agreements.
The notion of Class in RDFS
rdfs:Class
🏫 ⚙ ⛏ 📊
⚖ 💎 👪 🌎
🔬 🏖 🎻 🏢
🐞 🐄🐛 🎭
Una clase es un conjunto de recursos que tienen características y representaciones comunes en un
universo de discurso.
rdf:type
The notion of instance
👪:Persona rdf:type rdfs:Class .
A particular issue of class is named an instance of class
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
rdf:type
SPARQL can be used to express queries across diverse data sources, whether the data is stored natively as RDF or viewed as RDF via middleware.
A SPARQL query example that models the question "What are all the country capitals in Africa?":
PREFIX ex: <http://example.com/exampleOntology#>SELECT ?capital ?countryWHERE { ?x ex:cityname ?capital ; ex:isCapitalOf ?y . ?y ex:countryname ?country ; ex:isInContinent ex:Africa .}
The State of the LOD Cloud 2014 document provides statistics about the structure and content of the crawlable subset of the LOD cloud in April 2014.
LInked OER Data & LOD-CLOUD
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Extracción Mapeo Transformación Publicación
Photo: iStock
Información no estructurada
Datos estructurados
from WIKIPEDIA to DBPEDIA
Webpage: Cordillera de Los Andeshttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_de_los_Andes
Resource: Cordillera de Los Andeshttp://es-la.dbpedia.org/resource/Cordillera_de_los_Andes
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SPARQL endpoint: http://es-la.dbpedia.org/sparql graph:http://es-la.dbpedia.org/graph/data
Open Educational Resources Ecosystem
OER Repository
OER metadata/data as Linked Open Data
Extraction, Data Preprocessing, Vocabulary Modeling, RDF Transformation, Data Linking, Publication and Maintenance
OER APPs and Mashups
OER Search and Discovery
Productivity and data integration
Access Interface Federated
SPARQL endpoint
Ad hoc queries
User Interface & OER App
MethodologyIn
put
LOD4OER Transformation ⚙ LD Consume
Out
put
Semantic Interoperability Guidelines to contribute to the convergence of interoperable OER services.
OAI-PMH vs Linked Data
Data Provider
Data Provider
Data Provider
Harvester
Requests (OAI “verbs”): Identify, ListMetadataFormats; ListSets; ListRecords; ListIdentifiersResponses: General Information; Metadata formats; Set structure; Record identifier; Metadata
Web
OAI
-PM
HO
AI-P
MH
OAI
-PM
H
Data Provider
Data Provider
Data Provider
Federated SPARQL endpoint
Web
SPAR
QL
endp
oint
SPAR
QL
endp
oint
SPAR
QL
endp
oint
a. Approach Using OAI-PMH. The Web is an transport infrastructure of data and metadata.
b. Approach based on Linked Open Data The data and metadata are part of the same web.
Fedora, DSpace, and EPrints implement the OAI-PMH protocol by default.
Service Provider
SPAR
QL
endp
oint
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Data integrator
OER about a specific subject
SPARQL endpoint: http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/sparql Graph: http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar
SELECT DISTINCT ?bibresource ?title WHERE { ?bibresource a <http://purl.org/dc/terms/BibliographicResource> . ?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title> ?title . ?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject> ?subject . ?bibresource <http://purl.org/dc/terms/description> ?desc . FILTER ( REGEX(?title, "Accesibilidad", "i") || REGEX(?desc, "Accesibilidad ", "i") || REGEX(?subject, "Accesibilidad", "i")) }
bibresource title
http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/resource/41219a41e42cec29b7ff332ff2dd6cea
"Análisis de la atención a las personas con discapacidad a través de los programas y servicios de accesibilidad y recreación, para grupos de atención prioritaria en la Provincia de Cotopaxi en el año 2012"http://data.utpl.edu.ec/serendipity/oar/resource/
0fc11a4209b97e27186c9b70aaf0a12b"Medios de comunicación y el trabajo en la red con herramientas web 2.0"
Prototype: • Theframeworkprovidesanapproachthatallowsto
CoursewareDesignerstodiscoverandaccessopeneducationalresourcesthatareextractedfromopenrepositoriesdistributed.
• Therefore,achallengeforthecommunityispromotingOERinitiativeswithchannelsthatfacilitatethediscovery,useandreuseforteachers,studentsandself-learnersincorporatethemintheeducativepractice.
• Fromatechnicalpointofview,theopennessofOERscoversissuessuchasinteroperabilityanddiscovery.InpreviousworkwehavepresentedhowthesefeaturescanbeenhancedbyapplyingSemanticWebtechnologiesandLinkedData.
Theeducationisseenasanessential,shared,re-used,adapted,andcollaborativesocialgood.OERmovementenvisionsaworldwhereeveryone,everywhere,anytimehasaccesstothehighqualityeducationandtrainingtheydesire
Conceptual View
Conclusions
• LinkedDatatechnologiescanalsohelptointegratetheworkofdisperseinstitutionsproducingdiverselinkeddata.
• LinkedOpenData(LOD)iswellknownforprovidingaextensiveamountofdetailedandstructuredinformation.
• LinkedDatavisionenablesanewgenerationofopeneducationalresourcesthatcanbesemanticallydescribedandconnectedwithotherdataanddiscoverablesources.
gracias!@nopiedra
nopiedra@utpl.edu.ec
The Open Education Global Conference 2016 Kraków, Poland from the 12th to 14th of April 2016, at the
AGH University of Science and Technology. The theme of #oeglobal is Convergence Through
Collaboration.
from local/regional OER Silostowards an OER Global Dataspace
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• Good practice: Identify with URIs. To benefit from and increase the value of the World Wide Web, agents should provide URIs as identifiers for resources.
• Constraint: URIs Identify a Single Resource. Assign distinct URIs to distinct resources.
• Good practice: Avoiding URI aliases. A URI owner SHOULD NOT associate arbitrarily different URIs with the same resource.
• Good practice: Reuse URI schemes. A specification SHOULD reuse an existing URI scheme (rather than create a new one) when it provides the desired properties of identifiers and their relation to resources.