Fuel cell presentation p26 31-7-1-2013

transcript

Fuel Cell

Auxiliary Power System

and Derivative

Applications

By: BAN Vanny By: BAN Vanny & HOUR & HOUR SokaonSokaon

Content: Application, Demonstration and status

1.8.1. Station Electric Power

1.8.2. Distributed Generation

1.8.3. Vehicle Motive Power

1.8.4. Space and Other Closed Environment Power

1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems

1.8.6. Derivative Application1.8.6. Derivative Application

By: BAN Vanny & HOUR Sokaon 2

1.8.5. Auxiliary Power Systems

(APUs) : are devices that provide all or part of the non-propulsion for vehicles.

High-profile fuel cell: automotive propulsion and distributed power generation.

The application of APUs Heavy Duty Trucks Airplanes Trains Ships Recreation Vehicles Automobile

Fuel Cells can serve as a generator, battery charger and

heat supply.

It can adapt the most environments in Arctic and

Antarctic region.

Prototype Fuel Cell has the same size and delivers the

same power as a batter.

1- System Performance Requirements

2- Technology Status

3- System Configuration and Technology Issues

4- Cost Considerations

5- SOFC Cost Structure

6- Outlook and Conclusion

A key reason for interest in fuel cell APU application is

good fit between APU requirements and fuel cell system.

Fuel Cells are efficient and quiet, so fuel cell APUs must

meet the various requirements:

Fuel Cell APUs will have to operate on gasoline, diesel for the heavy truck. Fuel Cell APUs should be water sufficient. In station operation, fuel cell APUs must be able to provide power rapidly after start-up and follow the loads, so it is the competitive point to the internal combustion engine.

1- System Performance Requirements

Several researcher and developers are being developed on residential PEFC power system because it can be adapted for APU application and most applications are transportation.

Few developers have paid attention to create SOFC APUs that the most applications are on small to medium sized generation.

2- Technology Status

Overview of subsystems and components for PEFC system

Overview of subsystems and components for SOFC and PEFC system

Fuel Cell APUs consists of a fuel processor, a

stack system and balance of plant.

Main issue for component of PEFC system is to

minimize or eliminate the use of external supplied

water.

Main component of SOFC APU are the fuel cell stack, fuel processor, thermal management system and balance of plant.

SOFC is operated in the high temperature (600-850 0C),

and high temperature recuperators are required to maintain system efficiency, so recuperators consists of expensive materials.

New class product, total cost of ownership and operation of the system is a critical factor in the commercialization.

All the components cost include: fuel cost, other operating costs such as maintenance cost and the first cost of equipment.

4- Cost Considerations

The estimated manufacturing cost of SOFC APUs could be

5- SOFC Cost Structure

comparable to SOFC APUs system, while providing higher system efficiency.

Both PEFC and SOFC have the potential to meet

allowable cost targets and prove the technology. Small capacity market and high production volumes

are commercially successful. APUs application have to perform and demonstrate

the long life.

6- Outlook and Conclusion

Fuel Cell attraction use in small portable units, ranging in size from 5 W or smaller 100 W, IFC military backpack.

IFC and Praxair Inc., venture to develop a unit that converts natural gas to 99.99% pure hydrogen.

1.8.6. Derivative Applications

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Summary

• Electrolyte: is a liquid or gel that contain ions. Commonly, electrolytes are solutions of acids, bases, or salts. Primary ions of electrolytes are Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+, Cl-, HPO4+.

• Low Temperature: all the fuel cell must be converted to H prior to entering the fuel cell.

• High Temperature: Fuel Cell, CO and CH4 can internally converted to H or directly oxidized electrochemically.

• Electrochemically (cell): device capable of either deriving electrical energy from chemical reactionsl

• Anode Catalyst in low temperature fuel cell (mainly Platinum) is strongly poisoned by CO.

• Direct Alcohol FC or Direct Methanol FC: use Alcohol.• Direct Carbon FC: Solid Carbon is used directly in anode.

Summary

• Electrode ( in an electrochemical cell) is referred to as either anode or cathode.

• Anode: defined as the electrode at which electrons leave the cell and oxidation occurs.

• Cathode: defined as the electrode at which electrons enter the cell and reduction occurs.

• Each Electrode: anode or cathode depending on the direction of current through the cell.

• Catalyst: is a substance which causes the process of catalysis.• Catalysis: is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the

participation of a substance called catalyst.• Charge carrier: are ions, atoms or molecules that have gained

or lost electron, so they are electrically charged.

Summary

• AFC: 2 electrodes are separated by porous matrix saturated with an aqueous alkaline solution, such as KOH. Aqueous Alkaline solutions do not reject CO2, so FC become poisoned through conversion KOH to K2CO3.

• AFC operates on pure O2 , so Poison should be removed as much as possible.

• Fuel Cell Ship HYDRA used an AFC system with 6.5 kW net output and efficiency 70%.

• PAFC: Reaction:• Anode reaction: 2H₂ → 4H+ + 4e‾• Cathode reaction: O₂(g) + 4H+ + 4e‾ → 2H₂O• Overall cell reaction: 2 H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

Summary

• MCFC: electron from H2 (anode side) produce electricity and combined with O2 from air and CO2 recycle from used fuel, so the molecules form carbonate ion CO3– and carbonate ion move through electrode and combine with protons to maintain the charge balance. This is possible if the electrolyte is very hot 600 0C.

Fuel cell presentation p26 31-7-1-2013

Engineering