Post on 20-Mar-2016
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Funeral Customs of the Ancient Egyptians
Readings Question #1
HAFD page 5Which culture was the first to record a morality
of group life based on internal conscience rather than on external authority supported by force?
Readings Question #2
HAFD page 6
Who is Osiris?
Circle of Necessity
• soul makes a 3000 year long journey and returns to the body
• once reunited the whole person would live with the gods
• created the need for embalming
Readings Question #3
• What did the Egyptians believe was the focus of the universe?
Readings Question #4
• Describe the Egyptian concept of life after death.
• offerings to the dead• perpetual care• tombs, coffins, funeral treasures
Readings Question #5
HAFD page 8• What are dry burials? What was their
purpose?
• The history of embalming will be covered in the Embalming I course.
Coffins(HAFD page 9)
Sarcophagi: “massive coffins from a single mass of stone to protect from grave robbers”
• Sarco: flesh• Phagus: eaters
Arthropoid
Readings Question #6(HAFD page 13)
• Describe what was done when the head of an Egyptian household died. Include all elements from the actual time of death to interment.
Funeral Customs of the Ancient Greeks
Readings Question #7(HAFD page 18)
• What is the “Cult of Dionysius” and “Elysian fields”?
Readings Question #8(HAFD page 19)
• How did the Athenians treat the dead on the battlefield?
Readings Question #9(HAFD page 19)
• Describe how the Greeks prepare their dead for interment.
Greek Funeral Procession
HAFD page 20• Consisted of:– deceased placed on a bier– female mourners– fraternity members– hired dirge singers
Cremation
HAFD page 20• began 1000 BC• at no time was earth burial completely
abandoned• power of the flame to set the soul free• “ashes” contained personal or spirit
characteristics
Coffins and Tombs
HAFD page 20• Baked clay, cypress wood, stone• Classification of tombs:– stelae (shafts)– kiones (columns)– trapazae (square-cut)– naida (temple-like)
Funeral Feast
HAFD page 21• one of the final steps
• broke the fast
• sacrifices: kept a connection between the living and the dead
Funeral Customs of the Ancient Romans
Early Death Beliefs
HAFD page 24• animistic view
• mystery cults
• Epicurians
• Christianity
Burial Customs(HAFD page 25)
• cremation and burial
• sanitation issues
• columbaria
• burial societies
Readings Question #10(HAFD page 25)
• In Roman times, if a person died in the presence of family, how was the body prepared?
Readings Question #11(HAFD page 26
• Who were the “pollinctores”, “libitinarius”, “designator” and “praecor”?
Roman Funeralis
HAFD page 27• Readings question #12:
• In the Roman funeral procession, where was the body taken? What type of rituals were performed there?
Constantine the Great(314 AD – 379 AD)
HAFD page 27• first Christian emperor• management of funerary
behavior became morewithin the jurisdiction of thechurch
Edict of Toleration
• Galerius 311 AD• Christians at this time were refusing to
worship the gods• allowed them to practice their faith without
fear of persecution, as along as their actions did not go against the common good
Influence of Roman Burial Practices
HAFD page 29• occupational models
• Roman undertaker
• precursor to modern day funeral service law