Post on 02-Apr-2018
transcript
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Galaxy Morphology
By:
Amie Sulaiman
Saron EphraimStephannie Grijalva
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Overview
What are galaxies?
Three kinds of galaxies
How to classify galaxies
Theories of galaxy evolution
How to observe galaxies
Galaxy NGC 4631
Galaxy M63
Galaxy NGC 7331
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What are Galaxies?
A galaxy is a
collection of billions of
stars, gas, and dark
matter. Some have stardust
Some have a nucleus
or bulge in the center
http://antwrp.gfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000130.html
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0001/milkyway_cobe_big.jpg7/27/2019 Galaxy Morph
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Spiral Galaxy
Spiral arms
Blue, young stars
Arms are loose/tight
Lots of gas
Lots of dust
Center bulge has
redder older stars
www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/ngc4254.html
http://www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/ngc4254.gif7/27/2019 Galaxy Morph
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Irregular Galaxy
Two kinds of irregulars
Dwarf irregulars: Low
mass galaxies with
lots young stars Interacting or merging
galaxies
www.noao.edu/outreach/acp/observer/n4449.html
www.seds.org/pub/images/deepspace/AAT/
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How to Classify Galaxies
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/lempel/hubble_classification_galaxies_A.jpgIrregular
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Theories of Galaxy Evolution
What are Galaxy phases?
http://www.pd.astro.it/hosted/PlanetV/images/M32.GIFhttp://www.astr.ua.edu/gifimages/ngc4254.gif7/27/2019 Galaxy Morph
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How to Observe Galaxies
Lick Nickel Telescope
CCD camera- charged
coupled device
saturation, hot pixels,
bias, cosmic rays
Flat field- image of
uniform brightness
Different filters:
red, green, blue
Clouds
http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/news/expannews.cfm...
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Flat Field Pictures
Flat Field image Regular picture of galaxy. Image after dividing
the flat field.
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M63
Other name is Sunflower Galaxy
NGC # NGC 5055
First discovered in 1779
Part of Canes Venatici and the M51 galaxy
group Hubble classification: Sb
Distance from earth to this galaxy is about 37million light years away
1 light year is equivalent to 5.9 trillion miles
Has mass of 10 billion stars Diameter is about 53,000 light years
Inclination is about 55 degreesmsx4.pha.jhu.edu/.../ c.canes.venatici.html
http://msx4.pha.jhu.edu/hubeDir/c.constDir/c.canes.venatici.htmlhttp://msx4.pha.jhu.edu/hubeDir/c.constDir/c.canes.venatici.htmlhttp://msx4.pha.jhu.edu/hubeDir/c.constDir/c.canes.venatici.htmlhttp://msx4.pha.jhu.edu/hubeDir/c.constDir/c.canes.venatici.html7/27/2019 Galaxy Morph
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NGC 4631
The Whale Galaxy
Spiral Galaxy
Discovered by William Herschel in 1787
Part of the Canes Venatici Constellation Hubble Classification: Sc
25 million light years away
Size: 40,000 light years
Inclination: 75 deg
Partner dwarf elliptical galaxy
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Galaxy NGC 7331Our Galaxy's Twin
Spiral galaxy
Part of the constellation of Pegasus
Discovered by William Hershel in 1784
Hubble Classification: Sb Distance is about 50 million light years away
Mass of about 140 billion suns
Size is about 71,000 light years Has an inclination of about 58 degrees
Best observed in August at midnight
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Conclusion
There are three major classifications of galaxies.
Colors of galaxies can tell you a lot about the
age of galaxys stars.
Color images are made by using three differentfilters.
Galaxies can morph into different shapes.
Galaxies can be seen at different viewingangles.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank
Jennifer Lotz our project advisor
Gary Martindale our teacher fellow
Both Scott Severson and Scott Seagroves forthe astronomy lectures.
Jason Porter for his vision lectures.
Ellie Gates for assistance with the telescope andhelping us get our images.
Center of Adaptive Optics for their support ofcluster 7.
Cluster 7 for all the support and good times!
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Bibliography
www.seasky.org/astronomy/sky1c07.html
www.proaxis.com/~sandstone/Astro/Gallery/M63.htm
www.ucar.edu/eo/staff/dward/sao/galphot/results.htm
www.stardoctor.org/M63.html
www.telescope.cc/m63.htm
www.seds.org/messir/m/m063.html http://schmidling.netfirms.com/ngc7331.htm
http://plettstone.com/AstronomyByMichelle/astrophotos/7331/Default.htm
www.ing.iac.es/PR/science/ngc7331_high.html
www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Fall2002/NGC7331/
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020329.html
www.allthesky.com/galaxies/ngc4631.html
www.seds.org//messier/xtra/ngc/n4631.html
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/20ul/1138/index.html
www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/n4631.html
http://www.seasky.org/astronomy/sky1c07.htmlhttp://www.proaxis.com/~sandstone/Astro/Gallery/M63.htmhttp://www.ucar.edu/eo/staff/dward/sao/galphot/results.htmhttp://www.stardoctor.org/M63.htmlhttp://www.telescope.cc/m63.htmhttp://www.seds.org/messir/m/m063.htmlhttp://schmidling.netfirms.com/ngc7331.htmhttp://plettstone.com/AstronomyByMichelle/astrophotos/7331/Default.htmhttp://www.ing.iac.es/PR/science/ngc7331_high.htmlhttp://www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Fall2002/NGC7331/http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020329.htmlhttp://www.allthesky.com/galaxies/ngc4631.htmlhttp://www.seds.org//messier/xtra/ngc/n4631.htmlhttp://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/20ul/1138/index.htmlhttp://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/n4631.htmlhttp://www.noao.edu/outreach/aop/observers/n4631.htmlhttp://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/20ul/1138/index.htmlhttp://www.seds.org//messier/xtra/ngc/n4631.htmlhttp://www.allthesky.com/galaxies/ngc4631.htmlhttp://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap020329.htmlhttp://www.calvin.edu/academic/phys/observatory/images/Astr212.Fall2002/NGC7331/http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/science/ngc7331_high.htmlhttp://plettstone.com/AstronomyByMichelle/astrophotos/7331/Default.htmhttp://schmidling.netfirms.com/ngc7331.htmhttp://www.seds.org/messir/m/m063.htmlhttp://www.telescope.cc/m63.htmhttp://www.stardoctor.org/M63.htmlhttp://www.ucar.edu/eo/staff/dward/sao/galphot/results.htmhttp://www.proaxis.com/~sandstone/Astro/Gallery/M63.htmhttp://www.seasky.org/astronomy/sky1c07.html