Post on 18-Dec-2015
transcript
Gardening Smart!
Smart Gardening Using Integrated Pest
Management
Gardening Smart!
Healthy, productive plants use their natural defense systems to resist environmental stresses
How to use IPM for your home gardens – from ornamentals to vegetables and everything in between
Open questions
Today’s Smart Gardener
The sensible approach to pest control is to create a natural balance of organisms in your yard or garden. In a diverse ecosystem, pest populations are naturally regulated. Development of this balance at your home relies on using products that minimize harm to beneficial organisms.
Plant Health OLD: Commonly accepted to keep plants
healthy was a broad application of chemicals to control pests – prescription pest control.
NOW: Though pesticides play a role in plant health, they also have limitations. In addition to environmental and health concerns, pesticides may give only limited and temporary control if other control measures and practices are not integrated into the overall management or maintenance program.
Practical Procedure for Plant Health
Planning and Site Placement
Site Preparation and Establishment
Selecting Appropriate Plants
Proper Cultural Practices
Planning and Site Placement
Sun Full Sun Part Shade Deep Shade
Wind Direction, speed,
occurrence Soil
Sand, loam, clay pH Nutrient analysis
Water Irrigated or not
Hardscapes House, driveway,
fences, etc. Maintenance
Low, Medium, “Magazine”
Site Preparation & Establishment Correct drainage or
erosion problems Raised beds Contour landscape
Amending and preparing the soil Soil pH 6-7 Organic matter
Altering light conditions Removing tree limbs Thinning trees
Selecting Appropriate Plants
Grow the right plant in the right place!
Know the requirements of a plant before you buy it
Select disease resistant varieties or cultivars
Select high quality plant material
Proper Cultural Practices Planting Techniques
Prepare the hole B&B preparation Planting depth Water Management Maintenance Staking
Moisture Management Establishment vs.
Maintenance Fertility Management
Fertilization Frequency Fertilization Timing
Plant Health Care Healthy,
productive plants can use their natural defense systems to resist environmental stresses.
As a result, they need less chemical input for survival and productive long-term growth. An especially important concept is the plant health care attempts to manage plant health rather than just control pest problems.
Integrated Pest Management: IPM
Uses multiple tools Uses chemicals when necessary Requires knowledge and planning
Protect garden and landscape from pests
Maintain beneficial organisms Effective pest management with least
negative impact to the environment
True Pest or Just a Nuisance? Accept some level of a pest population as
healthy and natural (remember “diverse”!)
Only consider control of a pest when significant damage occurs, or the presence of a pest poses a real threat
First ask yourself:
Is control really necessary?
Proper Identification of the Pest You can’t control it if you do not know
exactly what it is… Correct ID provides you with valuable
information about the pest including: * life cycle* what stage is most destructive* what stage is most susceptible to control
efforts
Why is the Pest Present? Food, Water, Shelter, Perfect Environment?
Prevention vs. Cure It may be easier and more effective to remove
the reason why the pest is there in the first place vs. controlling the pest!
If we can’t remove the “reason” then let’s make it a less attractive environment for the pest to discourage its presence.
3 Questions to Always Ask:
1. Is the pest really a problem? Or is it just annoying? (Action Threshold)
2. What exactly do I have here? Proper identification of the pest and life cycle stage.
3. Can the environmental factors of why the pest is there be altered to make it a less desirable place for the pest to be?
IPM StrategyIPM Strategy
Economical personal/sentimental valueEconomical personal/sentimental value
Acceptable levels monitor pestsAcceptable levels monitor pests
Effective control, butEffective control, butleast disruptive to theleast disruptive to theenvironment and nonenvironment and non--target speciestarget species
IPM
Benefic ial Organisms
IPM
Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Asian Ladybird Beetle Adult
IPM
Beneficial InsectsBeneficial Insects
Ladybird beetle - adult
Ladybird beetle larvae
IPM
Benefic ial Insec tsBenefic ial Insec ts
Lacewing adult
Lacewing larvae(aphid lion)
IPM
Other Beneficial Organisms
IPM
Parasitic Parasitic BeneficialsBeneficials
Tomatohornworm
with Braconidcocoons
Braconid parasitoid ofEuropean corn borer
IPM
Weed FeedersWeed Feeders
Purple loosestrife is an exotic invasive species that out competes native habitats.
IPM
Insec t PestsInsec t Pests
IPM
Insect pestsInsect pests
Japanese Beetle Adult Japanese Beetle Larva
IPM
Insect PestsInsect Pests
Aphids
IPM
Insect PestsInsect Pests
Hornworm on Tomato
IPM
Insect PestsInsect Pests
Gypsy Moth
Defoliation of oak treeCaterpillar
Larvae hatching from egg mass
Adult moth taking cover in bark of tree
IPM
Insect PestsInsect Pests
Eastern Tent Caterpillar(spring)
IPM
Insect PestsInsect Pests
Fall webworm
Fall webworm damage to left and above left
IPM
Weeds Weeds
IPM
Weed Life CyclesWeed Life Cycles
AnnualAnnual
BiennialBiennial
Perennial Perennial
Weed MorphologyWeed Morphology
DicotsDicots
broadleafbroadleaf
MonocotsMonocots
grass, tulips, dayliliesgrass, tulips, daylilies
IPM
WeedsWeeds
Quack Grass
perennial,rhizomes
IPM
WeedsWeeds
Crabgrass
annual
IPM
WeedsWeeds
Dandelion
biennial
IPM
WeedsWeeds
CommonChickweed
annual
IPM
WeedsWeeds
Ground Ivy
perennial, stolons and rhizomes
IPM
WeedsWeeds
Annual orwinter biennial
Stork’s BillFilareeRedstem
IPM
Turf
According to NASA's Ames Research Center: 50, 000 square miles of the
continental US is covered by lawn
There is 3 times as much irrigated grass as irrigated corn.
Turf is the most widespread irrigated crop.
IPM
IPM
Plant DiseasesPlant Diseases
Plant Responses to DiseasePlant Responses to Disease
Over development of tissueOver development of tissue galls, swelling, leaf curlgalls, swelling, leaf curl
Under development of tissueUnder development of tissue stunting, lack of chlorophyll, stunting, lack of chlorophyll,
incomplete development of organsincomplete development of organs
Death of tissueDeath of tissue blights, leaf spots, wilting, cankersblights, leaf spots, wilting, cankers
IPM
Disease TriangleDisease Triangle
Host
Pathogen Environment
IPM
Disease DiagnosisDisease Diagnosis
SYMPTOMS
Host plant’s reaction to the disease
SIGNS
Visible presence of the disease agent
IPM
Anthracnose on Beans - Virus
Diseases
IPM
Common Mosaic Virus on Beans
Diseases
IPM
Powdery Mildew - fungi
Diseases
IPM
Rust on Turf - fungi
Diseases
IPM
Apple Scab - fungi
Diseases
IPM
Potato Scab - fungi
Diseases
IPM
DiseasesDiseases
Fire blight on an apple tree
IPM
Vertebrate PestsVertebrate Pests
EnvironmentalEnvironmental
MechanicalMechanical
ChemicalChemical
IPM
Pest Control TechniquesPest Control Techniques Cultural ControlsCultural Controls
Plant Variety SelectionPlant Variety Selection
SanitationSanitation
Physical / MechanicalPhysical / Mechanical
Regulatory / LegalRegulatory / Legal
BiologicalBiological
NaturalNatural
ChemicalChemical
CombinationsCombinations
IPM
Pestic idesPestic ides
IPM
Pesticide LabelsPesticide Labels
Legal documentLegal document
Directions for useDirections for use
Statement of Statement of Practical TreatmentPractical Treatment
Environmental Environmental HazardsHazards
Personal Protective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)Equipment (PPE)
IPM
Signal WordsSignal Words
SIGNAL WORDSSIGNAL WORDSdo not indicate or do not indicate or measure potential measure potential chronicchronichealth health impacts; they are indicators of risk impacts; they are indicators of risk of the of the acuteacuteeffects of exposureeffects of exposure
CAUTIONWARNINGDANGER or POISON(skull and crossbones)
IPM
Signal WordsSignal Words
CAUTIONSlightly Toxic
products such as
Roundup, Rodeo
Malithion
Lysol
IPM
Signal WordsSignal Words
WARNINGModerately Toxic
products such as
2, 4 - D
Diazinon, Sevin
Mr. Clean
IPM
Signal WordsSignal Words
DANGER / POISONHighly Toxicproducts such as
Furdane
Sani-flush, furniture oil soap
IPM
Pesticide FactsPesticide Facts
Which group uses the largest amount (total pounds) of pesticides in the United States each year?
a. Agriculture Producersb. Commercial Pest Control Operatorsc. Homeowners
IPM
Pesticide FactsPesticide Facts
Which group uses the largest amount (total pounds) of pesticides in the United States each year?
a. Agriculture Producersb. Commercial Pest Control Operatorsc. Homeowners
IPM
Pesticide FactsPesticide Facts
Which group is responsible for the majority of pesticide poisonings to people, wildlife and pets; excessive use of pesticides which result in water contamination; kill or injure more non-target species; and most frequently disregard label directions and apply much more product than is legal?
a. Agriculture Producersb. Commercial Pest Control Operatorsc. Homeowners
IPM
Pesticide FactsPesticide Facts
Which group is responsible for the majority of pesticide poisonings to people, wildlife and pets; excessive use of pesticides which result in water contamination; kill or injure more non-target species; and most frequently disregard label directions and apply much more product than is legal?
a. Agriculture Producersb. Commercial Pest Control Operatorsc. Homeowners
IPM
What general group of plants rarely, if ever, need fertilizer, pesticides, irrigation or any other special care after initial establishment?
NATIVE PLANTS !
Questions ?