Post on 04-Jun-2020
transcript
OverviewOverview
• Intro, Comparison and Limitations of Study Tools
• Emerging Applications for EMT Analysis• Emerging Applications for EMT Analysis
• Examples
• New R&D Topics• Parallel Processing of EMT Simulations• Hybrid Simulations (EMT and Transient Stability)
• Questions...
Slide 2
Classical Planning ToolsClassical Planning Tools
• Classical Tools for Interconnection and Expansion Planning:• Powerflow, Transient Stability
• Short Circuit Analysis (SCMVA “rules of thumb”)
• Small signal, PV/QV Stability Analysis
Slide 3
Classical EMT UsesClassical EMT Uses
Electro‐Magnetic Transients Tools
• HVDC/FACTS Equipment Design
l l d• Transient Overvoltage Analysis, Energization Studies…
• Harmonics and Power Quality
• Lightning/Steep Front• Lightning/Steep Front
• Transient Recovery Voltage Analysis
• Academic/Research/
• Analysis of “Special Cases”
….Separate from Planning Process….Separate from Planning Process
Slide 4
Classical LimitationsClassical Limitations
• Transient Stability ToolsTransient Stability Tools• High level control approximations, large time steps, phasor representations, simple element representations, poor/non‐convergent weak system behaviorconvergent weak system behavior
• Short Circuit Analysis • Power Electronics don’t have Xd”!! How do you calculate SCR/ESCR?SCR/ESCR?
• Inertial effects not considered in SCR/ESCR “rules of thumb”
• EMT Analysis y• Slow run‐times, small systems, setting initial conditions, system equivalents, machine models, re‐entering data for new cases time‐consuming…g
Slide 5
The Power System “20 years ago”The Power System 20 years ago
• Generation: synchronous generators
• Transmission: AC transmission lines/cables, shunt capacitors/reactors, transformers
• Classical Distribution/Loads/
• Relatively strong systems
• A few complex high speed devices (HVDC• A few complex high speed devices (HVDC etc...) which rely on high SCR and inertia.
Slide 6
Trends in Power SystemsTrends in Power Systems
• Numerous complex power electronic devices: Wind farms, HVDC/VSC, VFD, PV Inverters...
• Weak systems, low ESCR
• Increased loads, need for RAS schemes
• Series capacitors, SVCs and Statcoms (instead of new transmission lines)
• “Doing more with what you got”
• New research required for EMT tools!
Slide 7
Examples of Current StudiesExamples of Current Studies
• 3000 MW HVDC Link with 3000 MW of wind turbines:
di i l SC i l (f b h HV C d i d• Traditional ESCR is very low (for both HVDC and wind turbines)
• How do real wind turbine controls interact withHow do real wind turbine controls interact with HVDC controls?
• Are synchronous condensers needed? ESCR vs I ti ?Inertia?
• What about Statcoms (with and without DC side batteries)?batteries)?
Slide 8
Examples of Current StudiesExamples of Current Studies
• Wind turbines tapping a HV series compensated line• All type 3 (DFIG) turbines will go unstable if they are
radial (or near) series capacitors!
/• Does not show up in transient stability/phasor studies – must use EMT analysis
• Test damping controls new control changes series• Test damping controls, new control changes, series capacitor bypass filters, designing MOVs
• Highly relevant (Texas, PacifiCorp, Alberta, UK...)Highly relevant (Texas, PacifiCorp, Alberta, UK...)
Slide 9
Examples of Current StudiesExamples of Current Studies
• Offshore wind, using VSC multi‐terminal grid• Models not available in TS programs
• Use “real controls” from VSC and wind turbine manufacturers
• Develop EMT models of onshore VSC converters, DC cables, offshore converters and turbines.
Use passive or dynamic equivalents of the on shore• Use passive or dynamic equivalents of the on‐shore AC system (N busses back)
• Perform dynamic studies.Perform dynamic studies.
Slide 10
Model Development MethodologyModel Development Methodology
1. Start with utility supplied loadflows2. Translate N busses away, plot harmonic impedances3 I N til h i i d d t3. Increase N until harmonic impedances do not
change appreciably (to get electrical resonances for a good electro‐magnetic system response)
4. Add busses of nearby generators and complex loads5. Tools auto‐create multi‐port network equivalents
(b d l dfl Y t i ) d t t th(based on loadflow Y matrices) and auto‐route the EMT case.
6. End of “free lunch”
Slide 11
Model Development MethodologyModel Development Methodology
7. Enter detailed model data into a database/library:• HVDC/VSC links, SVCs, frequency dependant lines, transformer
saturation, line shunt and neutral reactors...• Each detailed model is given the “from bus” “to bus” and circuit• Each detailed model is given the from bus , to bus and circuit
number, uniquely correlating it to the same object in the utility loadflow case.
• Initialization components are used to auto‐transfer the terminal di i (V l P d Q) d di iconditions (V, angle, P and Q), power order, power direction,
HVDC converter tap, transformer tap etc... to initialize the detailed model.
• Cases can be quickly generated for any loadflow – the EMTq y g yloadflow matches the original to 3 or 4 decimal points.
• Machines, exciters, governors, stabilizers ... are auto‐translated from the transient stability data files and are initialized for a clean start.clean start.
Slide 12
Slide 13
EMT Tools – New DevelopmentsEMT Tools New Developments
Parallel Processing
• EMT analysis is ideal for parallel processing (subsystems, traveling wave lines – methods used in real time digital simulators)
l l h• Multiple cores on the same computer
• Multiple cpu’s across a LAN
• Splitting up a large EMT simulation at a transmission line or at the entrance to a wind farm
Slide 14
ELoad ControlI 1Get L_HLD
AEOLUS N67795 E_67795_69117_1_Test2
TAEOTWE&1
N69117 EI
TWE-WY N69111
230.0500.0
E
:1
TWE-WY N69112
<-- 5 -->T-Line
E_69112_66240_1_Test2E
PLATTE N66240 E_65975_66240_1_Test2
TMINERS
N65975 E_65975_67946_1_Test2T
FREEZOUTN67946
<-- 3 -->T-Line
E_67946_67796_1_Test2E E_67796_67814_1_Test2
TWINDSTAR
N67814 E_65060_67814_1_Test2T
ANT MINEN65060 E_65060_66745_1_Test2
TYELLOWCK
N66745 E_65420_66745_1_Test2T
DAVEJOHNN65420 E_65300_65420_1_Test2
TCASPERPP
N65300 E_65300_69512_1_Test2T
LATIGO N69512 T-Line
E_69512_69088_1_Test2E
THREEBUTN69088
0.0-0.0
SwitchedShuntE
ShuntC
0.0E-1200.0
0.0-1600.0
SwitchedShuntE
P,QLoad
28.875E10.342
0.0-0.0
SwitchedShuntE
0.0-0.0
SwitchedShuntE
0.0-0.0
SwitchedShuntE
230.0500.0
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E_66745_67814_1_Test2T
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E_67814_65420_1_Test2E
<-- 2.3 -->T-Line
E_67814_65420_2_Test2E
E_69508_69512_1_Test2T
DUKE EG N69508 Shunt
C0.0
E-10.0
N19038 N24042 N26048
NEQ35MEAD
T-LineE_19038_24042_EQ_Test2
E
NEQ36ELDORDO
T-LineE_24042_26048_EQ_Test2
E
NEQ38MCCULLGH
~E-301.106
248.37 E_19038_0_EQ~
E121.691-903.569 E_24042_0_EQ
~E-1999.28
399.202 E_26048_0_EQ
T-LineE_19038_26048_EQ_Test2
E
NEQ40TEKLA
NEQ60DONKYCRK
NEQ61BARBERCK
A
B
230.0500.0
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:1 E_67814_69512_1_Test2
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230.0500.0
E
:1
230.0500.0
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230.0500.0
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E_65420_65460_1_Test2T
DIFICULTN65460 E_65460_69028_1_Test2
TDUNLAPTP
N69028 T-LineE_69028_69029_1_Test2
E34.5230.0
E
:1
DNLP1_CLN69030
P,QLoad
0.252E0.092
ShuntC
0.0E-8.0
E_65460_69028_2_Test2T
E_67796_69028_1_Test2T
E_67946_69028_1_Test2T
34.5230.0
E
:1
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C0.0
E-30.0
34.5230.0
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DNLP2CL2N69034 Shunt
C0.0
E-30.0
E_65420_73107_1_Test2T
LAR.RIVRN73107 E_73107_73190_1_Test2
TSTEGALL
N73190
0.0-0.0
SwitchedShuntE
T
E_67499_69112_1_Test2T
LATHAM N67499
T-LineE_69112_69121_1_Test2
E
WIND-1HVN69121
T-LineE_69112_69122_1_Test2
E
WIND-2HVN69122
T-LineE_69112_69123_1_Test2
E
WIND-3HVN69123
E_69112_69124_1_Test2T
WIND-4HVN69124
WIND5 TA
N69112
N26044
N69068
N73276
N65300
N73107
N74030 N76401T-LineE_73276_74030_EQ_Test2
E T-LineE_74030_76401_EQ_Test2
E
~E-255.626
14.252 E_73276_0_EQ~
E473.575-14.02 E_74030_0_EQ
~E2.34632
9.33844 E_76401_0_EQ
NEQ32TWE-WY
~E755.159
-33.3995 E_69112_0_EQ
NEQ37MARKETPL
~E-818.66
145.313 E_26044_0_EQ
NEQ39TWOELK
~E255.697
-9.6981 E_69068_0_EQ
NEQ41CASPERPP
~E-449.032
21.8566 E_65300_0_EQ
NEQ42LAR.RIVR
E22 9222E_65420_73190_1_Test2T
115.0230.0
E
:1
DAVEJOHNN65425
13.8230.0
E
:1
DAVEJON3N65440
VN65440
P,QLoad
11.602E12.0
~E229.0
-21.232 E_65440_0_1
22.0230.0
E
:1
DAVEJON4N65445
VN65445
P,QLoad
17.098E17.684
~E328.0
-31.848 E_65445_0_1
34.5230.0
E
:1
YELLOWCKN67456 P,Q
Load10.758
E3.754
T-LineE_65060_73276_1_Test2
E
TEKLA N73276 E_73276_76400_1_Test2
TPUMPKIN
N76400 E_74030_76400_1_Test2T
DONKYCRKN74030
P,QLoad
37.944E12.472
E_67814_76400_1_Test2T
E_76400_76401_1_Test2T
BARBERCKN76401 P,Q
Load99.144
E32.587
13 8230 0 :HARTZOG1E 65060 69068 1 Test2
TTWOELK
N69068
Ideal (R=0)E_69112_69127_1_Test2
E
WIND5-TAN69127
E_67797_69111_1_Test2T
AEOJBC&1N67797 E
J
ANTICLINN67800 0.0
-200.0Switched
ShuntE
N73107
N73190
N65580
N66240
N67499
N67800
~E-22.9222
10.6502 E_73107_0_EQ
NEQ43STEGALL
~E-189.617
-27.5225 E_73190_0_EQ
NEQ44FT CREEK
~E149.158
-9.97972 E_65580_0_EQ
NEQ45PLATTE
~E-52.3101
-23.0566 E_66240_0_EQ
NEQ46LATHAM
~E-162.0
-1.84392 E_67499_0_EQ
NEQ47ANTICLIN
~E-1134.63
-123.167 E_67800_0_EQ
NEQ5213.8230.0
E
:1 N76309 ~
E0.05.4 E_76309_0_1
13.8230.0
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HARTZOG2N76310 ~
E0.05.4 E_76310_0_1
13.8230.0
E
:1
HARTZOG3N76311 ~
E0.05.4 E_76311_0_1
E_65060_69068_1_Test2
34.5230.0
E
:1
ANT MINEN67025 P,Q
Load18.072
E5.364
E_67814_69000_1_Test2T
GLENRK N69000
34.5230.0
E
:1
GLENRK 1N69001
34.5230.0
E
:1
GLENRK 3N69005
34.5230.0
E
:1
WINDSTARN67832
VN67832~
E600.0136.411 E_67832_0_1
E_67796_69077_1_Test2T
SMPSNHS1N69077 T-Line
E_69077_69078_1_Test2E
SMPSNHS2N69078
34.5230.0
E
:1
SMP2_CL N69079 Shunt
C0.0
E-32.0
34.5230.0
E
:1
SMP3_LC N69082 T-Line
E_69082_69083_1_Test2E
SMP3_LS N69083
ShuntC
0.0E-32.0
T-LineE_69082_69085_1_Test2
E
SMP4_LS N69085
T-LineE_67796_67900_1_Test2
E
AEOLUSVCN67900
VN67900~
E0.035.904 E_67900_0_1
T-LineE_67796_69094_1_Test2
E
12MILE1 N69094 T-Line
E_69094_69060_1_Test2E
12MILE2 N69060
34.5230.0
E
:1
12ML2_CLN69061
12MILE3 12ML3 CL
N69088
N69121
N69122
N69123
N69124
N69508
THREEBUT
~E-9.55453e-014
20.5548 E_69088_0_EQ
NEQ54WIND-1HV
~E492.005
38.8027 E_69121_0_EQ
NEQ55WIND-2HV
~E743.991
56.8726 E_69122_0_EQ
NEQ56WIND-3HV
~E492.009
62.2862 E_69123_0_EQ
NEQ57WIND-4HV
~E770.996
29.217 E_69124_0_EQ
NEQ59DUKE EG
~E0.00402395
1.81024 E_69508_0_EQ
T-LineE_69094_69064_1_Test2
E
12MILE3 N69064
34.5230.0
E
:1
12ML3_CLN69065
34.5230.0
E
:1
12ML1_CLN69095 E_69095_69096_1_Test2
T12ML1_SL
N69096
34.5230.0
E
:1
AEOLUS1 N67833
VN67833~
E465.017.388 E_67833_0_1
34.5230.0
E
:1
7MIHILL1N69025 T-Line
E_69025_69026_1_Test2E
7MIHILL2N69026
E_65580_65975_1_Test2T
FT CREEKN65580
34.5230.0
E
:1
MINERS N65976 P,Q
Load2.686
E1.007
34.5230.0
E
:1
115.0230.0
E
:1
MINERS N67248
34.5230.0
E
:1
HORIZ_CLN69074 Shunt
C0.0
E-8.0
N65425
N67248
N69074
N69001
N69005
N69030
NEQ63DAVEJOHN
~E-34.6206
-34.2481 E_65425_0_EQ
NEQ67MINERS
~E-0.154276
1.21063 E_67248_0_EQ
NEQ68HORIZ_CL
~E-4.99808e-005
2.08215 E_69074_0_EQ
NEQ70GLENRK 1
~E-0.00972928
14.9726 E_69001_0_EQ
NEQ71GLENRK 3
~E-0.00387654
9.69764 E_69005_0_EQ
NEQ72DNLP1_CL
~E-0.000638927
2E1
E_69111_26300_4 TWE-NV N26300 T-Line
E_26300_24042_1_Test2E
ELDORDO N24042 T-Line
E_24042_26048_1_Test2E
MCCULLGHN26048 T-Line
E_26048_26044_1_Test2E
MARKETPLN26044 Ideal (R=0)
E_26044_26120_1_Test2E
MKTPSVC N26120
VN26120
ShuntC
0.0E-1200.0
0.0-1600.0
SwitchedShuntE
~E0.0
0.0 E_26120_0_1
T-LineE_26300_26048_1_Test2
E
T-LineE_26300_26044_1_Test2
E
Ideal (R=0)E_26048_26055_1_Test2
E
MCCULL&1N26055E_19038_26300_1_Test2
TMEAD N19038
13.8500.0
E
:1
CT-1 N69116 Shunt
R1.9044e-005
E0.0
~E325.0
36.178 E_69116_0_1
E_67795_67798_1_Test2T
AEMNC&1AN67798 E
AEMNC&1BN67799 E_67799_67804_1_Test2
TAEMNC&1C
N67804 E
AEMNC&1DN67904 Shunt
R0.025
E0.0
N69033
N69034
N69061
N69065
N69079
5.34205 E_69030_0_EQ
NEQ73DNLP2CL1
~E-0.00141983
4.54047 E_69033_0_EQ
NEQ74DNLP2CL2
~E-0.000692255
3.84771 E_69034_0_EQ
NEQ7512ML2_CL
~E0.000186841
0.0208251 E_69061_0_EQ
NEQ7612ML3_CL
~E-0.00383361
9.33873 E_69065_0_EQ
NEQ77SMP2_CL
~E-0.000489398
4.28707 E_69079_0_EQ
Slide 15
ShuntR
0.025E0.0
ShuntR
0.025E0.0
ShuntR
0.025E0.0
0 0
414 Node Example System
EMT Tools – New DevelopmentsEMT Tools New Developments
EMT Analysis CPU Times
267.96250
300
EMT Analysis, CPU Times
136 41
197.72
150
200
Tim
e (s
ec)
One CPU
64.8
136.41
100.57110.45
133.04
86.36 83.6393
50
100
CPU
T Multiple CPUs, same computer
Multiple CPUs, LAN
0
50
1 2 3 4
Size of System
Slide 16
y
EMT Tools – New DevelopmentsEMT Tools New Developments
Parallel Processing
• Further time savings:
• Use of different time steps (10 uSec for PWMconverters in wind farms, 50 uSec for large gsystems)
• Isolation of switching devices into separate g psubsystems
• Reduction in memory usage (no swapping)
Slide 17
y g ( pp g)
EMT Tools – New DevelopmentsEMT Tools New Developments
Blackboxing
• Wind farms (or any complex models) pre‐compiled, released to customers as a full .exe
• Wind farm runs at its own time step (as tested p (by the manufacturer)
• Works with future program versions and p gcompiler versions etc...
Slide 18
EMT Tools – New DevelopmentsEMT Tools New Developments
Hybrid Simulation • Running EMT models imbedded in transient
stability simulationsstability simulations• Full dynamic transient stability model• “N” interface points to an offshore wind VSC• N interface points to an offshore wind, VSC
multi‐terminal grid• Accurate models for VSC inverters and wind farms
(using real controls), combined with full‐system inter‐area dynamic models of the large system.
Slide 19
Conclusions...Conclusions...
• Using EMT analysis at the planning stage is more commonly required in modern systems
• E‐TRAN program to translate/integrate PSSE (loadflow and transient stability) and ( oad o a d t a s e t stab ty) a dPSCAD/EMTDC (EMT) tools
• Large systems are possible (using powerful• Large systems are possible (using powerful computers and parallel processing)
Slide 20
Conclusions...Conclusions...
Hybrid simulations are here!• Parallel Processing of EMT and TS Tools
• Multiple cores or computers over LAN
• Hybrid Simulation of TS and EMT toolsy• Modeling real controls in TS tools• Easy/accurate custom modeling• “blackbox” to avoid NDA concerns and version
problems
Slide 21
Thank You!
Garth IrwinGarth Irwingdi@electranix.com
Slide 22