Post on 27-Dec-2015
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Human Genome Project We know human genome is
approx. 30,000 genes & over 6 bill. nucleotide bases
We know sequence of most genes Genomic library of information
used for potentially lots of cures
Forms of Gene Manipulation cloning Inducing mutations Selective Breeding
Select parents with desirable phenotypes– “mass selection”
hybridization - mating offspring express “hybrid vigor”
Liger Information An average adult male liger can weigh over 900 pounds.
An adult male Siberian tiger can grow to an average weight of 500 pounds,
An adult African lion can average 450 pounds.
The reproductive process that creates a liger leaves out the growth inhibitor gene present in the male lion and the female tiger, and the result is an enormous offspring that has the best physical and mental characteristics of the parents.
It is important to note that there are no documented cases of ligers appearing naturally in the wild. Lions and tigers do not share territory and the chances of contact between the two groups is slim due to their differing natures.
Direct genetic manipulation – Recombinant DNA; Transgenic organisms (chimeras)
Remove “bad” gene and insert “good” gene or…
Combining DNA from 2 different organisms Requires recognition of coding sequences of
gene, including promotors and enhancers
Tools Genomic maps of DNA Genomic libraries Restriction Enzymes (DNA scissors) cut
at known sequences in specific places (pallindromes)
Cloning vector Surrogate eggs, mothers, or bacterial plasmid
Benefits of transplanted Genes Make drugs easily & cheaply, i.e.
insulin Make vaccines New and useful chimeras – genetically
engineered crops for disease or insect resistance, increased yield
Save DNA from endangered species Gene therapy for genetic disorders
DNA Fingerprinting DNA is unique to each individual By comparing DNA found in blood
samples, tissue samples, etc. , we can use DNA as a way to identify people, criminals, etc.
Can determine genetic defects
RFLP Analysis Restriction Fragment Length
Polymorphism Extract DNA & make copies
PCR or polymerase chain reaction fragment with restriction enzymes Separate fragments in gel
electrophoresis Photograph and compare - 5 banding
images is a match