Generation Of Electricity

History Of Electricity Ancient Greeks 2000 years ago they realized you could create a charge by

rubbing tow things together. Discovered electric charges

Ben Franklin Kite experiment in 1752 Electricity travels through conductors

Alessandro Volta In 1800, produced the first electric battery & first man-made

electric current He should(but doesn’t) get a lot of the credit for figuring it all out

Faraday Discovers Electromagnetic Induction – early 1800’s

Edison Invents the Light Bulb and Generating Stations in NYC – 1882

Electricity is simply the flow of electrons from one place to another. Electrons are tiny particles that

orbit the core of an atom , and they can be made to hop from one atom to the next .

Electron move very easily through metal wire , but the flow of electron is limited by the size of the wire. Increasing the wire size allows for more electrons to

flow through it and for electricity to be delivered safely to homes and businesses

How electricity is generated ?

• Faraday Effect

•Basic Concepts• Voltage – V – Potential to Move Charge (volts)• Current – I – Charge Movement (amperes or amps)• Resistance – R – V = IxR (R in =ohms)• Power – P = IxV = I2xR (watts)

Faraday Effect

Electric MotorM

ElectricalEnergy

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DC Motor

Model Electric MotorBeakman Motor

What do you need?1. Electric Energy2. Coil3. Magnetic Field

Electric GeneratorG

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Stationary magnets - rotating magnets - electromagnets

Sources of Electricity

• Fossil – Coal, Natural Gas, Oil – 550 Gigawatts (GW)• Nuclear – 200 GW• Hydro – 75 GW• Geothermal – 2.3 GW• Other Renewable – Wind, Solar, OTEC – 13.6 GW

Fossil Fuels

So how do we get electricity from fossil fuels?

• Most electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels in power stations.

• Coal, oil and natural gas are burned in furnaces to heat up water. The boiling water makes steam which pushes the gigantic blades of a turbine to produce electricity.

Power stations give off lots of steam which you can see.Power stations give off pollution, which you can’t see.When we burn fossil fuels we put lots of carbon dioxide into the air. This is a cause of Global Warming.

Some countries use nuclear powerNuclear power plant

Nuclear power plants use a material called uranium to produce electricity.

Nuclear power plants make electricity by splitting tiny atoms of the uranium to release energy.

Nuclear plants also have waste materials that are very dangerous and have to be looked after safely for thousands of years.

Hydro power plant

-Conversion from potential energy of water to electric energy is at 80 – 90% efficiency

-Hydroelectric projects in the United States have rated capacities from950 – 6480 MW

-The use of Water Power is much greater in some other countries. Norway obtains 99% of its electricity from water power. Nepal, Brazil, and New Zealand are close seconds.

Wind Energy

Use Mechanical energy, wind, or moving water to turn a turbine that is connected to an electrical generator.

-Solar Power – uses the sun energy to either boil water or directly converts solar energy to electrical energy

-Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion – uses temperature differences between different depths of ocean water to drive a heat engine. Working fluid is ammonia which is gas at room temperature.

-Biomass Energy: Municipal Solid Waste – burning wastes to drive heat engines

-Geothermal Energy – based on naturally occurring heat in the Earth in the Earth due to radioactive decay

-Tidal Energy – uses the gravitational pull of the moon on our oceans to drive turbines

- AC of 50 Hz produced by generator- Resistance losses are smallest at high voltages and low currents