Genigraphics Research Poster Template...

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Integrated Humanitarian Logistics System for Developing Countries

Victor Cantillo1, PhD; José Holguín-Veras2 PE, PhD

Luis F. Macea1, Johanna Amaya2, Nathalie Cotes1, Ivan D. Serrano1, Maria J Bermudez1, Andrea de Nubila1

1Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia, 2Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

The development of this research will minimize the

negative impacts of natural disasters in terms of human

suffering, especially in developing countries. The

preliminary results can be briefly summarized in the

fact that the estimated costs can be incorporated into

comprehensive models of humanitarian logistics, both

at the strategic level (facility location for prepositioning

supplies) and the tactical or operational level (assistance

to the affected), and they serve as support to making-

decision process related for an efficient response.

Results can be used for the economic and social

assessment of humanitarian aid operations.

Future research impacts

1. Holguín-Veras, J., Jaller, M., Van Wassenhove, L. N., Pérez, N., Wachtendorf, T. (2012b). On the unique

features of post-disaster humanitarian logistics. Journal of Operations Management, 30(7), 494-506.

2. Holguín-Veras, J., Pérez, N., Jaller, M., Van Wassenhove, L. N., Aros-Vera, F. (2013). On the appropriate

objective function for post-disaster humanitarian logistics models. Journal of Operations Management,

31(5), 262-280.

3. Ortúzar, J. D., Willumsen, L. G. (2011). Modelling Transport (Fourth ed.). Santiago, Chile: Wiley.

4. Train, K. E. (2009). Discrete Choice Methods with Simulation (Second Edition ed.). New York, United

States of America: University of California, Berkeley, and NERA.

References

The purpose of this research is to develop an integrated

humanitarian logistics system for post-disaster relief response in

developing countries, which includes a measure of the suffering of

affected people into the formulations of humanitarian logistics. This

will allow a better distribution of social costs among those affected,

and the timely delivery of critical commodities according to

deprivation time, starting with the neediest people. In consequence,

this framework leads to more effective and coordinated strategies

for delivering critical supplies in developing countries.

Abstract

Objectives

The samples

Two surveys were applied in several cities of Colombia where

socioeconomic information was gathered from households affected

by natural disasters, and from others who were not.

Figure 2. shows the towns (in red) were the first surveys were

conducted and the level of impact of floods in the Colombian

Caribbean Region in 2010 and 2011. This sample was formed by

240 respondents.

The second survey was applied to 560 people from different cities

and towns affected by disasters in Colombia.

• To develop humanitarian logistic models capable of explicitly

considering the impacts of delivery actions on deprivation costs

in developing countries.

• To propose an emergency management system for disaster relief

agencies in order to improve their response.

The suffering of affected people due to disasters

Our hypothesis is that the costs associated to human suffering, due

to the occurrence of a disaster, can be assessed based on the time of

supply shortages experienced by affected people and their

socioeconomic characteristics.

The structure and nature of such suffering should be considered as a

function of wellness, which is monotonically increasing, non-linear

and convex (Holguín-Veras et al., 2013) with respect to deprivation

time, as shown in Figure 1.

The assignment of humanitarian aid

We believe that incorporating deprivation costs into the objective

function of humanitarian logistic models allows to reach the optimal

assignment and the timely delivery of scarce resources, during the

aftermath of a disaster.

Hypothesis

Figure 3. Surveyed municipalities (1st survey)

The example considers three scenarios for distributing water in three

towns affected by a disaster. The population of each town is 500

inhabitants.

Scenarios differ in the number of warehouses for water

prepositioning to attend the impacted populations. The scenarios

consider one, two and three warehouses.

The purpose was to supply water (4 liters per capita) to people

affected.

In all scenarios, the fixed cost is COP 7,000,000 for each warehouse

and the inventory costs are COP 3,000 for each unit of product (4

liters).

Case Study - Numerical example

The authors wish to thank the program

PEER-NSF for supporting this research

through funding the project “Integrated

humanitarian logistic system for

developing countries” and the National

Science Foundation for funding the

project “Cyber Enabled Discovery

System for Advanced Multidisciplinary

Study of Humanitarian Logistics for

Disaster Response” (NSF-IIS 1124827).

Acknowledgements

Methods and Instruments

Microeconomic approach

The welfare of an affected individual for a natural disaster can be

treated through the random utility theory, using stated preference

surveys. (Ortúzar and Willumsen, 2011).

The benefits for timely supply are obtained as a measure of welfare

change arising from the change in consumer surplus (Train, 2009).

∆𝐸(𝐸𝐶𝑛) = 1

𝛼𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑒𝑉𝑛𝑗

1𝐽1

𝑗=1

− 𝑙𝑛 𝑒𝑉𝑛𝑗0

𝑗=1

Experimental design

The design consisted on choice situations that were presented to

respondents, describing hypothetical scenarios of being a disaster

survivor where they had to decide whether or not to buy a kit of life-

sustaining items (water and foods). The variables used in this

experimental design were: Shortage time (no delivery), expected

delivery time, budget, purchase amount and total cost of the

purchase.

𝑉𝑛𝑗 = 𝛽𝑗𝑘 . 𝑥𝑛𝑗𝑘 + 𝛽𝑗𝑡 . 𝑓𝑗𝑡 𝑡𝑛𝑗

𝑘=1

𝑈𝑛𝑗 = 𝑉𝑛𝑗 + 𝜀𝑛𝑗

The assessment of the economic benefits and deprivation cost

function for the estimated models are presented below.

Incorporate DC into humanitarian logistics models

We have treated the facility location problem for pre-positioning

supplies, allowing to serve the areas affected by disasters. The

formulation proposed considers deprivation costs in the objective

function.

Results

$1,000,000

$2,000,000

$3,000,000

$4,000,000

$5,000,000

$6,000,000

$7,000,000

$8,000,000

0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72

Saving time (hrs)

Aleatorio

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

$120,000

$140,000

$160,000

0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72

Saving time (hrs)

Model 1: Linear

Model 2: Quadratic

Model 3: Log-quadratic

Model 4: Exponential

Figure 4. Approach 1 (first survey) Figure 5. Approach 2 (Second survey)

Min 𝐶𝑗𝑘𝑚 ∙ 𝑤𝑘𝑚 ∙ 𝑃𝑗𝑘

𝑚 +

𝑗=1

𝐶𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑚 ∙ 𝑤𝑘𝑚 ∙ 𝑃𝑖𝑗𝑘

𝑖=1

𝑗=1

𝑘=1

𝑚=1

𝑘=1

𝑚=1

𝑓𝑗 .

𝑗=1

𝑌𝑗

+ 𝑠𝑚. 𝐴𝑗𝑚 + γ𝑚 𝑡𝑗𝑘 , 𝑄𝑘 ∙ 𝑃𝑗𝑘

𝑚 + γ𝑚 𝑡𝑖𝑗𝑘 , 𝑄𝑘

𝑖=1

𝑗=1

𝑘=1

𝑚=1

𝑗=1

𝑘=1

∙ 𝑃𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑚

𝑚=1

𝑗=1

𝑚=1

500 affected 500 affected 500 affected

Population 1 Population 2 Population 3Warehouse 1

13 hrs

18 hrs

($3000/unit)

($6000/unit)

($9000/unit)

Warehouse 2

13 hrs

($3000/unit)

($6000/unit)

Warehouse 2

($3000/unit)

Warehouse 3

8 hrs($3000/unit)

scenario 1

scenario 2

scenario 3

Under humanitarian

logistics perspective,

social costs must be

taken into account.

Only under such

circumstances,

supplies could be

fairly distributed.

14,000,000

19,000,000

24,000,000

29,000,000

34,000,000

Warehouses

private costs

externality costs

44,000,000

46,000,000

48,000,000

50,000,000

52,000,000

54,000,000

Warehouses

• This research provides basis for efficient delivery strategies,

ensuring the best allocation of critical commodities to affected

populations.

• We estimated different econometric models of deprivation costs,

that can be useful to assess humanitarian relief operations and to

develop comprehensive models of humanitarian logistics.

• Progress has been made in developing a strategic logistic model,

especially for pre-positioning supplies to serve the areas affected

by disasters.

Conclusions

Figure 1.

Deprivation cost functions representation

Figure 2.

Affected due to Haiti earthquake 2010

a) Before flooding b) After flooding

Floods in the Atlantic department, Colombia 2010-2011

Before floods After floods

Figure 6. Floods in the Atlantic department, Colombia, 2010-2011

Strategic and Tactical

Planning for disaster

emergency response

Operational planning

for disaster

emergency response

Knowledge

Information

Experiences

Attention to Affected People

by Natural Disasters

National and

International Disaster

Relief Organizations

National Systems of

Disaster Risk

Management

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