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Seismic Acquisition & ProcessingReservoir Geophysics, Multi-Physics
Panos G. KelamisEXPEC Advanced Research Center - Geophysics Technology
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EXPEC ARC Focus Areas
EXPEC ARC Focus Areas
Seismic
Acquisition &Processing
Near Surface
Advanced
DepthImaging
ReservoirGeophysics Non-Seismic
ReservoirQuality
BasinModeling &Simulation*
Fluid andMigration &Productivity
CarbonStorage
ReservoirArchitecture
ProductivityEnhancement
AdvancedCompletions Tight Gas
MultiphaseMetering Artificial lift Smart Fluids
ExtendedReach Drilling
Slim HoleDrilling
AdvancedDrillingComponents
DrillingFluids
AlternativeCuttingMethods
Parallel
ReservoirSimulation
Basin
Modeling &Simulation*
Advanced
ScientificComputing
MassiveVisualization Real TimeSimulation
EORDeepDiagnostics
Pore-scalePhysics
In-situSensing
SmartWaterflood
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More Data
Proper 3D Sampling
Wide-Azimuth, Rich-Azimuth
Receiver domain500,000 channels
Shot domainBlended Seismics
MonitoringRepetitive Surveys
More Data of Different Types
Seismic, EM, Gravity
IntegrationJoint Inversion
Multi-Physics
100 m
10 m
30 m
5 m
80 m
117 m
35 m 400 m
A-20 A-33 A-48 A-65
100 m
10 m
30 m
5 m
80 m
117 m
35 m 400 m
100 m
10 m
30 m
5 m
80 m
117 m
35 m 400 m
A-20 A-33 A-48 A-65
Trends in Data Acquisition & Processing
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Challenges
Huge amounts of data
Data Integration
Seismic
Electromagnetics
Gravity
Automation
Quality Cost
Time
manage
Acquisition Processing Interpretation
Seismic Value Chain
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Acquisition Time
Acquisition: Conventional Sources
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Acquisition Time
Acquisition: Simultaneous Sources
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Blended Data Deblended Data
Acquisition: Simultaneous Sources
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Conv Sources Sim Sources
FaultsStructure
Dept
h
Acquisition: Simultaneous Sources
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Advanced ImagingNear Surface Description
Multiples
Velocity Analysis
Automation
Interpretation
Processing: Key Challenges
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Near-Surface: Challenges
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Near-Surface: Challenges
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AutopickerManual picker
First Arrival Picking
Processing: Near-Surface Description
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Manual picking of 7% of the data(800 km2 - 2 months)
Automatic picking of 100% of the data
(800 km2 - 3 days)
2009 2010
First Arrival Picking
Processing: Near-Surface Description
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First Arrival Picking
2009 2010
Processing: Near-Surface Description
Manual picking of 7% of the data(800 km2 - 2 months)
Automatic picking of 100% of the data
(800 km2 - 3 days)
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Stack
Land Internal Multiples: ISS
Luo et al, 2011
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Primaries
Land Internal Multiples: ISS
Luo et al, 2011
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Multiples
Land Internal Multiples: ISS
Luo et al, 2011
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ManualVelocity
AutomatedVelocity
Manual Picking
1 km x 1 km grid
25m x 25m grid
For 800 km2 from 8k manual to 1bil automatic picks @ 20x
Processing: Automatic Velocity Analysis
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Automatic Velocity Analysis Manual Velocity Analysis
Processing: Automatic Velocity Analysis
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Km/sec
Automatic - data driven velocity depth model generation and imaging
Depth(km)
Depth(km
)
After 320
iterations
??
?
Imaging: Full Waveform Inversion
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Timeslice
TimeHorizonslice
Geo-Time
Interpretation: 3D Automatic Flattening
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AfterBefore
Interpretation: 3D Automatic Flattening
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Reservoir Geophysics: Challenges
Reservoir Simulation (Building Models)
Current PracticeInterpolate between the wells, use geostatistics
Target-VisionHigh resolution direct measurements betweenwells (Seismic, EM, Gravity)
Higher vertical resolution at reservoir level
High-fidelity data to extract reservoir properties (porosity,saturation, fractures)
Geophysics-based reservoir monitoring
Key Issue: Vertical Resolution
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S R
Signal
Nearsurface
S R
99% Noise
Near surface creates noise & kills signal
Reservoir Geophysics: Challenges
P i it f G h i I t R l ti
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Surface Proximity to reservoir Near
High
Resolut
ion
LowSurface geophysics
low fidelity
Logginghigh fidelity
Exploration
Development
Reservoirapplications
Bury receivers and sources indeeper subsurface
Bury receivers in shallow
subsurface
Sources and receivers
in a single borehole
Seismic
LoggingDeep diagnostics(sensing around wells)
Proximity of Geophysics Impacts Resolution
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Smart sensors(MEMS, fiber-optic, MAS)
Slim seismic sources(redeployable, permanent)
Cheap drilling(multilateral, coil tubing, jet, laser)
Sensor/Source deployment(U-shaped, coil tubing, drill pipe)
New methods of data analysis(joint inversion, integration, FWI)
Technology
development
Buried Seismic Experiment: Paradigm Shift
Reservoir Geophysics: Challenges
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Electromagnetics,Precision Gravity
& Seismic
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High-density
Low-density
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High-density
Low-density
2010
2012
TIMELAPSE
2010
2012
TIMELAPSE
Multi-Physics Technology
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Seismic
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Gravity anomaly (Bouguer)
Near surface: Seismic & Gravity
Low-density feature
Seismic & Gravity
Multi-Physics Technology
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Low-density feature
Magnetotelluric resistivity section
Industry standard inversionSaudi Aramco Seismic-EM Joint Inversion
Multi-Physics Technology
Near surface: Seismic & EM
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GradiometryEM (MT, CSEM) Seismic
Inversion
ResistivityModel
Velocity Model
Inversion Inversion
Density Model
Conventional
Multi-Geophysics Interpretation
Multi-Physics Technology
Conventional Inversion
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Velocity Model
Joint Inversion
Interpretation consistent
with all available data
GradiometryEM (MT, CSEM) Seismic
Multi-Physics Technology
Simultaneous Joint Inversion
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Automation
Data Acquisition
Data Processing & Interpretation
Reservoir Geophysics
Bringing Geophysics closer to Reservoir
Buried Sources/Receivers
New Paradigms in Data Processing
Multi-PhysicsSeismic, EM, Gravity
Data Fusion - Inversion
IntegrationSimultaneous Joint Inversion
100 m
10 m
30 m
5 m
80 m
117 m
35 m 400 m
A-20 A-33 A-48 A-65
100 m
10 m
30 m
5 m
80 m
117 m
35 m 400 m
100 m
10 m
30 m
5 m
80 m
117 m
35 m 400 m
A-20 A-33 A-48 A-65
In SummaryKey Challenges in Geophysics