Post on 20-Jul-2020
transcript
GIS APPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
By
Ammar, Hussain T.
Civil Engineer
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Need for GIS
• Goal
• SWM Functional Elements – Waste Storage
– Waste Collection
– Waste Disposal
• conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• SW generated from begin of humanity (natural)
• Urbanization, increase population, new technology
increase waste generation rate & types
• SWM integral part of public health and environmental control
• Improper SWM leads to both economic & environmental suffering
• Uncollected garbage leads to bad odor, growth and spread of disease, reduce market value of the area.
• SW problems not only because of increase in generation, but also improper management. One of the major management issue in SWM is data management.
NEED FOR GIS
• factors related to solid waste management have a spatial component as well as non-spatial data.
• data and records are often lie in isolated form, difficult to assess system functionality and efficiency.
• Need to manage the data in an integrated form to reduce complexity and to solve problems to various interrelated issues.
• because of layers property of GIS there is least chance of confusion and error.
GOALS
• To demonstrate the aid of GIS in the field of SWM.
– As a decision support system
– To solve SWM problems
– To reduce workload
– To save cost and time
– To max. serviceability and profit generation
FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SWM
• Waste Generation
• Waste storage, handling, separation, processing at source
• Waste Collection &
Transfer/Transport, waste separation, processing, and transformation.
• Waste Disposal
WASTE STORAGE
• waste is stored in waste bins located in both sides of streets next to buildings.
• Direct impact on public health.
• Common problems:
– Garbage are not lifted in regular intervals
– Waste bins are not cleaned in regular bases.
– Improper waste bin allocation • Open dumps sensitive area
CASE STUDY, INDIA
• Make sure that all residents have a waste bin close to them (no open dumps)
• Relocation of waste bins located in sensitive areas, e.g. close to hospital or river
• Allocation of recyclable waste bins, next to waste bin
RELOCATION OF IMPROPER PLACED WASTE BINS
RECYCLE WASTE BINS ALLOCATION
WASTE COLLECTION
• Complex and difficult, has about 50-70% portion of the total cost for SWM
• Small change in collection practice, could results in big saving
• Common problems:
– No routs planning/(optimization)
– No scheduling of job, and documentation
WM, INC • Provides collection service for 48 states, District of
Columbia, Canada, Puerto Rico.
• 26,000 collection vehicle
• 80 million tons of SW/year
• Serving 20 million customer
• Applies GIS in 2003, and uses Network Analyst Extension + rout smart to optimize its routs and collection system
• Total routs =10 • Total hours = 9 x 10 = 90 • Avg. Yards/h = 57.06
• Total routs =9 • Total hours = 8 x 9 = 72 • Avg. Yards/h = 63.41
• in 2003, a net effect of 984 fewer routs ,
saving of $18,000,000
OTHER ADVANTAGES
• Optimize fuel efficiency
• Helping setouts by identifying their location on map
• With GPS –tracking of collection vehicle (offline)
• With routs shown in GIS marketing department can easily target new customers in same routs
• Fewer track in the road, reduce noise and emission
WASTE DISPOSAL
• Residual waste after all possible processing and transformation should be properly disposed
• Open dumps cause threat to environment
• Thus, waste should be disposed in managed landfill
• Landfilling is the process of waste disposing, it starts with the problem of locating a landfill
CONSTRAINTS
• Should have a slope lower than 40% degree
• Should be kept more than 300m away from streams
• Must be more than 155m from developed area
• Must be kept more than 60m away from faults
• Should be kept more than 60m away from water body
• Must be kept more than 150m away from residence
• Must be kept more than 3000m away from Hospitals
GIS INTERFACE
• Developed by
Ottawa University
TWO DIFFERENT MODELS
BOOLEAN MODEL
INDEX OVERLAY MODEL
0.8 0.1
Conclusion
• GIS helps as a decision support system for sitting a landfill and allocating waste and recycle bins.
• Also helps in rout planning and optimizing collection system which reduce workload and save time as well as cost.
• Company crew could response in better time.
THANKS
Q & A