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GLOBAL GLOBAL SEAFOOD TRADESEAFOOD TRADE
The Role of Aquaculture and Consumer Needs
Jochen Nierentz
Senior Officer
World Capture and World Capture and Aquaculture ProductionAquaculture Production
World fish utilization and World fish utilization and supply supply (excl. China)(excl. China)
Comparison of discard estimates Comparison of discard estimates and retained catchesand retained catches
Capture Capture FisheriesFisheries
AquacultureAquaculture
World capture production in marine areas in 1000 tonnes
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
China
Developing countries (excl. China)
Developed countries
World aquaculture production (excl. aquatic plants) in 1000 tonnes
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
China
Developing countries (excl. China)
Developed countries
2004 World 2004 World Aquaculture Aquaculture production production
Top 15 Top 15 Producing Producing
NationsNations
Production
2004 (1000 t)
China 30615
India 2472
Viet Nam 1199
Thailand 1173
Indonesia 1045
Bangladesh 915
Japan 776
Chile 675
Norway 638
USA 607
Philippines 512
Egypt 472
Korea, Rep. of 406
Myanmar 400
Spain 363
Developing Countries with Highest Increase Developing Countries with Highest Increase in Aquaculture Production 1999-2004 in Aquaculture Production 1999-2004 (excl. China)(excl. China)
0200400600800
1,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,000
Mya
nmar
Iran
Vie
t N
am
Chi
leLa
oP
eopl
e's
Egy
pt
Bra
zil
Mex
ico
Tha
iland
Indo
nesi
a
Phi
lippi
nes
Ban
glad
esh
Rus
sia
Tur
key
1,00
0 to
nn
es
050100150200250300350400
% i
ncr
ease
199
9-20
042004
%
Source: FAO Fishstat
(with production in 2004 > 50,000 tonnes)
Trend of world aquaculture production Trend of world aquaculture production by major species groups, 1970-2004by major species groups, 1970-2004
FAO ProjectionsFAO ProjectionsProjected world supply and demand for food
and feed fish at constant relative prices
1999/2001 2010 2015
Million tonnes – live weight
Capture Fisheries Production 93.8 101.1 105.1
Aquaculture Production 35.6 57.8 66.8
Total Production: 129.4 158.9 171.9
Factors Influencing Factors Influencing Capture FisheriesCapture FisheriesCost of Capture Fisheries Increases
Oil price More efforts to catch same volume Average size decreases Subsidies are under review More sophisticated equipment and ships More regulations
Environmental Food Safety
Handling at sea more costly than when aquacultured
Opportunities for AquacultureOpportunities for Aquaculture
Globalization Planning Security Creation of Regular Supply Consistency of Quality Lower cost in Value Chain Promotion Activities based on Available
Supplies Demand for Fresh Fish Technical Innovations
AquacultureAquaculture
Problems for:
Environmental requirements Trade disputes (dumping, labeling) Fast technological productivity growth
leads to overproduction and lower prices Limiting factor: wild seed and feed
(fishmeal trap)? Price of feed?
Trade in SeafoodTrade in Seafood
Fish exportsFish exports
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
bil
lio
n o
f U
S$
Developed Developing
Top Exporters in 2004Top Exporters in 2004
Exports (US$ million)
1994 2004 Change
China 2320 6637 186
Norway 2718 4132 52
Thailand 4190 4034 -4
USA 3230 3851 19
Denmark 2359 3566 51
Canada 2182 3487 60
Spain 1021 2565 151
Chile 1304 2484 90
Netherlands 1436 2452 71
Viet Nam 484 2403 397
UK 1180 1812 54
Taiwan PC 1804 1801 0
Top Importers in 2004Top Importers in 2004
1994 2004 Change
Japan 16140 14560 -10
USA 7043 11967 70
Spain 2639 5222 98
France 2797 4176 49
Italy 2257 3904 73
China 856 3126 265
UK 1880 2812 50
Germany 2316 2805 21
Denmark 1415 2286 62
Korea Rep. 718 2233 211
Imports (US$ million)
Imports in Developing Imports in Developing CountriesCountries (US$ million)(US$ million)
1994 2004 Change
China 856 3126 265%
Korea Rep. 718 2233 211%
China, Hong Kong SAR 1647 1908 16%
Thailand 816 1231 51%
Singapore 620 623 1%
Malaysia 304 528 73%
Taiwan PC 561 485 -14%
Nigeria 160 397 148%
Mexico 159 305 92%
Brazil 261 279 7%
Fish trade balanceFish trade balance
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
2
4
6
8
1976
1980
1990
2000
Latin America and the CaribbeanChinaAfricaOceaniaCanada and United StatesEuropeAsia excluding China
Su
rplu
sD
efi
cit
Price DevelopmentPrice Development
Price Indicators : FishPrice Indicators : Fish
Price Indicators : FishPrice Indicators : Fish
Price Indicators : Meat Price Indicators : Meat
World: per capita consumption World: per capita consumption of fish and meatof fish and meat
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
Total fishPigmeatPoultry MeatBovine MeatMutton & Goat MeatMeat, Other
Kg. (live weight and carcass weight)
Price for Capture FishPrice for Capture Fish
Competition from aquaculture
Competition from alternative food products
(chicken, turkey, beef, pork)
Value addition as a cost factor reduces
share for raw material
Price pressure form retail and food service
sector
1988 – 6.90 kg Edible Wt
Canned Tuna – 1.59 kg
Shrimp – 1.09
Cod – 0.78
Alaska Pollock – 0.54
Flatfish – 0.28
Clams – 0.28
Catfish – 0.27
Salmon – 0.20
Crab – 0.15
Scallops – 0.14
2004 – 7.53 kg Edible Wt % Change
Shrimp – 1.91 kg +74.8%
Canned Tuna – 1.50 -5.9%
Salmon – 0.98 +338.5%
Alaska Pollock – 0.58 +7.3%
Catfish – 0.49 +83.3%
Cod – 0.27 -64.9%
Clams – 0.21 -23.7%
Crab – 0.28 +89.3%
Tilapia – 0.32 NA
Flatfish – 0.15 -46.2%
Source: National Fisheries Institutefrom NMFS data
Top 10 Seafoods ConsumedTop 10 Seafoods ConsumedAquaculture now driving consumptionAquaculture now driving consumption
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