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Governor-Generals of India

Lord W. Bentick (1833–35):

First Governor-General of India. Macaulay’s minutes on education were accepted declaring

that English should be the official language of India; Abolished provincial courts of appeal and circuit set up by

Cornwallis, appointment of Commissioners of revenue and circuit.

Wars: Annexed Coorg (1834), Central Cachar (1834) on the plea of

misgovernment.

Governor-Generals of India (1833-58)

Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835–1836):

Passed the famous Press Law, which liberated the press in India (Called Liberator of the Press).

Lord Auckland (1836–42) :

1st Anglo-Afghan War (1836-42)-great blow to the prestige of the British in India.

Lord Ellenborough (1842–44) :

Brought an end to the Afghan War. Annexation of Sindh (1843); War with Gwalior (1843).

Lord Hardings I (1844–48) : 1st Anglo-Sikh war (1845-46) and the Treaty of Lahore

1846 (marked the end of Sikh sovereignty in India); Gave preference to English education in employment.

Lord Dalhousie (1848–56) : Abolished Titles and Pensions, Widow Remarriage Act (1856). Made Shimla the summer capital.

Administrative Reforms:

Introduced the system of Centralized control in the newly acquired territories known as Bon-Regulation system;

Raised Gurkha regiments. Education Reforms:

Recommended the Thomsonian system of Vernacular education for whole of the North western Provinces (1853);

Wood’s Educational Despatch of 1854 and opening of Anglo-Vernacular Schools and Government Colleges;

An Engineering College was established at Roorkee.

Public Works:

Started the first railway line in 1853 (connecting Bombay with Thane);

Started electric telegraph service. Laid the basis of the modern postal system (1854); A separate public works department was set up for the

first time; Started work on the Grand Trunk Road and developed the

harbours of Karachi, Bombay and Calcutta. Wars:

Introduced Doctrine of Lapse (Captured Satara - 1848),

Jaitpur and Sambhalpur (1849), Baghat (1850), Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853) and Nagpur(1854);

Fought 2nd Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49) and annexed the whole of the Punjab;

2nd Anglo-Burmese War (1852) and annexation of Lower Burma or Pegu;

Annexation of Berar in 1853; Annexation of Avadh in 1856 on charges of mal-

administration.

Lord Canning (1856–58) : The last Governor General and first Viceroy of India; Revolt of 1857; Passed the Act of 1858, which ended the rule of the East

India Company. Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse. Mutiny took place in his time.

Question answer 1. Who was the Governor-General of India during the launch of Civil Disobedience Movement?

(A) Lord Chelmsford (B) Lord Reading (C) Lord Irwin (D) Lord Wavell

Ans – C 2. The Treaty of Sringapatam was between Tipu Sultan and

(A) Cornwallis (B) Clive (C) Hardinge (D) Warren Hastings Ans – A 3. ‘Sati’ pratha was abolished by-

(A) Lord Ripon (B) Warren Hastings (C) Lord Cornwallis (D) William Bentinck Ans – D

4. Indian Railways and telegraph services were started during the reign of:

(A) Lord Cornwallis (B) Lord Ripon (C) Lord Canning (D) Lord Dalhousie

Ans – D 5. Who among the following is known as the Maker of Modern India?

(A) William Bentinck (B) Lord Cornwallis (C) Lord Curzon (D) Lord Dalhousie

Ans - D 6. Who among the following is known as the Father of Local Self Government in India?

(A)Lord Dalhousie (B)Lord Ripon (C)Lord Minto (D)Lord Reading Ans – B

7. First governor general of Bengal was

(A) Robert Clive (B) William Bentick (C) Wellesley (D) Warren Hasting

Ans – D

8. Name the first British Governor General of Bengal?

(A) Lord Warren Hasting (B) Lord Mountbatten (C)Lord William Bentinck (D)Lord Canning Ans – A 9. Name the first Governor General of independent India. (A) Lord Warren Hasting (B) Lord Mountbatten (C) Lord William Bentinck (D) Lord Canning Ans- B

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