What is GPS?The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather conditions, anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites.

The GPS project was developed in 1973 and It became fully operational in 1994 (

U.S. Department of Defense (DoD).

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)

NAVSTARUSA

GLONASSRussians

GalileoEuropeans

How GPS works? At least 3 satellites required for 2D fix

Three SV ranges known

20,000 Km radius22,000 Km radius

21,000 Km radius

Gps vs land surveySurveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of accurately determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership or governmental purposes.

Present land survey equipments

Gps /dgps Total station Theodolite ……

Compare between gps and plain table

Gps in forest resource mapping

VILLAGE MERKUL, KALAHANDI

A CASE STUDY Pre survey required instruments

1. Gps, (rechargeable battery)2. Different color sketch pen3. Drawing paper4. Cadastral map5. Topo sheet 6. Field note7. Pen8. Pencil

VILLAGE MERKUL

1.Arrangement of FRC meeting with elder village persons

2.Preparation of customary village boundary sketch map

3.Gps point taken at field (both triangulation points and customary landmarks

Record of gps pointsSignature of FRC members and submission of gps data field note.

4. transfer of gps data into gis software using arcgis

5.Scanning of cadastral maps & topo sheet

1. Conversion of paper map into digital format for use in gis

6. final preparation of village map with customary boundary by using gis software

7.boundary on Google earth

THE END