Grafting is a technique usedby farmers and scientists toattach the tissue of one plant tothe tissue of another and growingas one plant.

A grafted plant,therefore,is acomposite of parts derived from

two or more plants.

→Scion-upper portion(the shoot system).

→Stock-lower portion(the root system).

→Interstock-stem piece between scion and stock.

→Budding-scion is reduced to bud.

▪Some varieties of plants do not come true from seeds. Others are difficult or impossible to reproduce from cutting or propagation technique.

▪Grafting is a way to change a large tree from an old to a new variety.

▪ It is a method of Vegetative reproduction

▪ Change the variety

▪ Change root system

▪ Add pollinator

▪ Repair damage

▪ Create new designs by grafting methods

Knife

Grafting wax

Grafting tape

Budding strips

Nails

Grafting tools

Scion and root must be closely related

The closer the genetic backgrounds are between the stock and scion, better chances of success

Best union by grafting within the same species

Relationship Grafting success

Within a species Excellent

Two species within genus possible

Two genera within a family

rare

Cambium of scion and

rootstock Must Touch

• Work fast

• Cover cut suface with parafilm or wax to prevent drying.

• Do not forget to seal the tip

• Prevent graft from dessication

• If your scion has an apical bud, snip it off and seal the cut.

• The apical bud produces hormones that inhibit healing of the graft.

Grafting technique can be divided into two basic types which are largely determined by the size of the understock.

Grafting types: Whip and tongue Grafting

Cleft Grafting

A method of grafting in which both stock and scion are cut diagonally and their surfaces are provided with matching tongue which interlock when the graft is tied.

cut a shallow angleUse the pith as centre and split the stem

➢Pomato

➢Grafted watermelon

➢Baniwi

Pomato is a produced by grafting potato plant and tomato plant, both of which are members of solanaceae family. Cherry tomatoes grow on the vine, while potatoes grow in soil from the same plant.

1. Carefully slice into the tomato stem at the point where you want to make the graft. Cut a very thin silver of the stem of the plant. This should be no longer than an inch. Be very careful not to slice all the way through the tomato plant to continue to receive nutrients from its own root system until the graft is final.

2.Repeat the process with your potato rootstock, again being careful not to sever the plant completely. Gently bend the two stocks and place them so that the area you have just cut matches up as closely as possible.

3.Wrap the grafting tape around both stems to hold them securely together, being careful to cover all open areas

4.Set your plant in an area out of direct sunlight and keep the soil evenly moist.

5.Watch for new growth on the top of tomato plant and a slight bulging at the site of graft.

6.Cut away the portion of the potato above the graft site, once it has completely healed.

7.When the tomato again shows a spurt of vigorous growth cut away the portion of the tomato plant below the graft.

8.Encloses your plant in a clear plastic bag for several days to maintain moisture if your plant shows sign of wilt when removing the bag ,replace it for several more days.

9.Again watch for a spurt of new growth. When this is observed, you can remove the grafting tape. Handle with care , the site may still be fragile.

10.Remove any new growth from the rootstock(potato) as it grows in otherwise the potato will outgrowth the tomato and overwhelm its growth.

you have just created your first pomato plant with proper care, your new plant will produce both tomatoes above ground and potatoes underground.

you will have luscious tomatoes, you will have tasty potatoes.

• You save a lot of space, you can grow two crops in the space of one.

• You save a lot of water, you only have to water a single plant, not two.

• You save a lot of time and energy, you only have to care for one plant, not for two.

Good source of potassium

Finest source of starch, vitamins, minerals and dietary fibres

Antioxidant flavonoids

Saturated fat

• Its best to do it early in the season when the plants stem are still soft, later they will start to lignify.

• Make sure you got everything at hand when you start, you would not have time to run to the store for medical tape.

• Make a V shaped cut to maximize contact area and increase the chances of a successful graft.

• Do not despair, the tomato part will wilt and look awful for while(even 2weeks) , just do not mess with it, it needs time.

Grafting of watermelon on squash, pumpkin, or bottle gourd rootstock is practiced in many of major watermelon production region of world.

The primary reasonfor grafting of vine crops isto provide protectionagainst soil borne diseases,but some rootstocks havethe added advantage ofbeing resistant tonematode.

The only risk after grafting is to remove the clips there is no trimming of unwanted plant parts after healing of graft union.

Disadvantages1. Requires slightly more skill than most

other grafting techniques.

2. Requires careful control of humidity, light, and temperature.

Protect crop from soil borne diseases

Rootstock being resistant to nematodes

Increased yield

Increased fruit quality

Satisfactory income with new technology

Extensive use of chemicals and pesticidesshould be minimized

Induce resistance against low and hightemperature

Raise salt tolerance

BANIWI PLANT is grafting between BANANA and KIWI fruit.

We can create a hybrid kiwi banana fruit by take end part of banana fruit and kiwi, put their fleshy sides together, bury them in a pot and grow a BANIWI.

High nutritional value

Calories-201

fat-1g

chlestrol-0.0mg

sodium-5.0mg

potassium-605.6mg

Used in fruit salad

The cultivation of grafted vegetables is an established practice which has been adopted in several countries during the past decades.

The principal problem pertaining to the culture of grafted plants are additional cost of rootstock seeds, manual work for grafting seedlings, the lack of grafting experience and possible occurrence of physiological abnormalities related to grating.

However , grafted seedlings are not infected by soil diseases and give earlier and higher production. They can be cultivated out of season, they have less need of fertilizers, irrigation and agrochemicals, and they can extend the harvest period.

Future expansion in the cultivation of grafted vegetables depends on the continued creation of commercially-

available, resistant rootstock, and

the introduction of machines and robots for grafting.

The increasing demand of consumers for vegetables that are free of dangerous chemical residues,

that are cultivated in a more ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY way(i.e. with fewer fertilizers, agrochemicals, less water etc.).

• ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticulture,Karnataka.

• Indian Council of Agriculturalresearch, New Delhi, India.

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