Post on 02-Jun-2018
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GRE words group
alienate estrange ; cause someone previously friendly to become unfriendly or indifferent by unpopular of
distasteful actions ; transfer ownership to another; make hostile: separate
estrange to alienate
lacerate; mangle; tear
rend split; tear apart
sunder separate; part
gossamer sheer; like cobwebs
imponderable weightless
confine (shut up), (imprison); n. a boundary or bounded region; border; limit / [ld !oet." confinement/
[bs." a place of confinement v. to keep within limits; restrict [to confine a talk to ten minutes"/to keep shutup, as in prison, in bed because of illness, indoors, etc. #$%. limit
constraint compulsion; repression of feelings
custody (imprisonment) a guarding or keeping safe; care; protection; guardianship
detain vt. to keep in custody; confine / to keep from going on; hold back /[bs." to withhold
detentionn.a detaining or being detained; specif., a) a keeping in custody; confinement b) an enforced
delay/a form of punishment in which a student is re&uired to stay after school
duress forcible restraint, especially unlawfully
fetter shackle
incarceratevt. to imprison; 'ail / to shut up; confine
manacle , fetter or chain for the hands or feet / fetter with manacles ; restrain / handcuff
obligatory binding; re&uired
quarantine isolation of person or ship to prevent spread of infection
restraint; controlling force
seclusion a secluding or being secluded, retirement, isolation; isolation; solitude
sequester retire from public life; segregate; seclude
shackle chain; fetter
stringent strict, severe, that must be obeyed ; tight, difficult to operate because of scarcity of money;
binding; rigid
arrogance the state or manner of having too great pride in oneself / hughtiness; haughtness
arrogant unduly or ecessively proud, as of wealth, station, learning, etc
bloated swollen or puffed as with water or air
brazen insolent
bumptiousself*assertive
cavalier (escort) (careless)/ (arrogant) vt. gallant n. an armed horseman; knight / a gallant or courteous
gentleman, esp. one serving as a lady+s escort/ [*" a partisan of harles - of ngland in his struggles with
!arliament (01*012); 3oyalist: opposed to 3oundhead ad'. [*" a) of the avaliers b) associated with the
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court of harles - of ngland [avalier poets"/a) free and easy; gay b) casual or indifferent toward matters
of some importance c) haughty; arrogant; supercilious
conceit whimsical idea; etravagant metaphor
contumely scornful insolence; insult
disdain contempt ; scorn / look on with contempt ; think it dishonorable to do something ; be too proud;
treat with scorn or contempt
domineer rule over tyrennically
elated in high spirits ; proud / over'oyed;
haughtiness pride; arrogance
hubris arrogance; ecessive self*conceit
imperious commanding ; haughty ; arrogant ; urgent / domineering
imperiousness lordiness; domineering manner; arrogance
impertinent insolent
impudentad'. orig., immodest; shameless 4 shamelessly bold or disrespectful; saucy; insolent #$%.impertinent
insolent haughty and contemptuous
lofty very high
mincingaffectedly dainty
overweening presumptuous; arrogant
peremptory not to be disobeyed or &uestioned ; dogmatic ; insisting upon obedience ; imperious;
demanding and leaving no choice
pert impertinent; forward
pontificate
presumption arrogance; effrontery
presumptuous arrogant; taking liberties
pretentious claiming great merit or importance / ostentatious; ambitious
smug (spruce) ad'.orig., neat, spruce, trim, etc. / narrowly contented with one+s own accomplishments,
beliefs, morality, etc.; self*satisfied to an annoying degree; complacent
stilted bombastic; inflated
supercilious contemptuous; haughty
vain a ( futile )/ (of, about) ad'. having no real value or significance; worthless, empty, idle, hollow, etc.
[vain pomp" / without force or effect; futile, fruitless, unprofitable, unavailing, etc. [a vain endeavor" /
having or showing an ecessively high regard for one+s self, looks, possessions, ability, etc.; indulging in or
resulting from personal vanity; conceited / [5rchaic" lacking in sense; foolish
vaingloriousboastful; ecessively conceited
apprehend arrest a criminal; dread; perceive
apprehensive fearful about something that might happen ; &uick to understand ; perceptive; fearful;
discerning
hypochondriac one who suffers from morbid aniety / person unduly worried about his health; worrier
without cause about illness
misgivingsdoubts
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perturb disturb ; make afraid or anious; disturb greatly
qualm a fit of nausea
qualms misgivings
solicitousanious or concerned about someone+s welfare, etc ; eager to help or serve someone; worried;
concerned
appall. fill with fear or terror ; dismay ; shock deeply
cravencowardly
dastard coward
daunt intimidate
diffidentnot having much belief in one+s own abilities ; lacking in self*confidence ; shy
dismayvt. to make afraid or discouraged at the prospect of trouble or danger; fill with apprehension or
alarm; daunt n. a loss of courage or confidence at the prospect of trouble or danger; consternation#$%.6ismay suggests fear or, esp. in modern usage, discouragement at the prospect of some difficulty or
problem which one does not &uite know how to resolve [dismayed at his lack of understanding"; appall
suggests terror or (now more commonly) dismay at a shocking but apparently unalterable situation [an
appalling death rate"; horrify suggests horror or loathing (or, in a weakened sense, irritation) at that which
shocks or offends one [horrified at the suggestion"; daunt implies a becoming disheartened in the
performance of an act that re&uires some courage [never daunted by adversity"
intimidate
milquetoast aspar 7il&uetoast) a timid, shrinking, apologetic person
poltroon coward
pusillanimous cowardly; fainthearted
recreant coward; betrayer of faith
terrify
timorous fearful; demonstrating fear
weak sister (one who is cowardly, unreliable, etc.
drone idle person; male bee / talk dully; bu88 or mumur like a bee
indolencela8iness
indolenthabitually inactive or idle
sloth; la8iness; slow*moving tree dwelling mammal
slovensluggard la8y person
sluggish inactive ; slow*moving / la8y; lethargic; not easily aroused by activity; slow to respond
supine (indolent) lying on back
torpor(torpidity) lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy
truant
affected artificial: pretended
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aggrandizemake someone or a nation greater in power, wealth, rank, etc. ; eaggerate; increase or
intensify
blowhard a very boastful and talkative person [syn: braggart, boaster, line*shooter, vaunter"
bluff bluff . (!oker) 9o deter (an opponent) from taking the risk of betting on his hand of cards, as the
bluffer does by betting heavily on his own hand although it may be of less value. [. #." 4. 9o frighten or
deter from accomplishing a purpose by making a show of confidence in one+s strength or resources; as, he
bluffed me off. [ollo&." n. . 5 high, steep bank, as by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff
with a broad face. each, bluff, and wave, adieu. **
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rhetorical pertaining to effective communication; insincere in language
stilted bombastic; inflated
strut pompous walk / supporting bar
stumid swollen; pompous; bombastic
turgid swollen; distended
vaunted boasted; bragged; highly publici8ed
affinitya close relationship ; likeness ; strong liking or attraction; kinship
apt
bent determined; natural talent or inclination ad'. made curved or crooked; not straight 4 strongly
inclined or determined: with on [bent on going" = set in a course; bound [westward bent" 1 [#lang" a)
dishonest; crooked b) eccentric; odd n. an inclination; tendency 4 a natural leaning or tendency;
propensity [a bent for music, a criminal bent" = a framework transverse to the length of a structure, for
supporting lateral as well as vertical loads
disposition
endearment fond statement
gusto en'oyment; enthusiasm
inclination
inclineslipe; slant
leaning
partial
partialityinclination; bias
penchant strong inclination; liking
predilection special liking ; mental preference; partiality; preference
predisposition
proclivity a natural or habitual tendency, or inclination especially toward something discreditable / natural
tendency
proneness
propensity a natural inclination or tendency
tendency
tendentious having an aim; designed to further a cause
ablution the act of washing one+s body or a part of it as a religious ceremony
chaste pure, free from obscenity
disinfection
expurgatetake out from a book what is considered to be improper or ob'ect on able parts / clean; remove
offensive parts of a book
hygiene
immaculatepure ; faultless ; without a spot or stain ; perfectly clean ; right in every detail / spotless
impeccable faultless ; incapable of doing wrong
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lave wash
pristine characteristic of earlier times; primitive; unspoiled
purge clean by removing impurities; to clear of charges
purify
sanitation
sterilization
coda concluding section of a musical or literary composition
culminate vi. to reach its highest or lowest altitude: said of a celestial body 4to reach its highest point or
clima; result (in) vt. to bring to its clima; cap
epilogue peroration, prologue ;
finale conclusion
interminable endless ; unable to be ended ; tedious because too long
prorogue dismiss parliament; end officially
terminate bring to an end ; come to an end / to bring to an end
truncate cut the top off
dawdle be slow, waste time / loiter;
dissipate s&uander
extravagant
fritter waste
improvident not looking to future needs ; wasteful / thriftless
lavish liberal; wasteful
loiter hand aroud; linger
muddle muddled state, confusion of ideas / bring into a state of confusion and disorder / confuse; mi up
niggle spend too much time on minor points; carp
prodigal wasteful ; too free in giving or spending ; abundant; wasteful; reckless with money
prodigality
profligacy shameless viciousness
profligateprofligate person / shamelessly immoral ; reckless, etravagant; dissipated; wasteful; licentious
profuse very plentiful or abundant ; lavish or etravagant ; giving generously
profusion lavish ependiture; overabundant condition
spendthrift
squander waste
thriftless
unthrifty
waster
wastrel profligate
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agitation; eitement of the mind or feelings, aniety ; discussion or debate for the purpose of bringing
about a change ; social or political unrest or trouble / strong feeling; ecitement
altercation &uarrel or noisy argument; wordy &uarrel
bicker&uarrel; to &uarrel vi. to have a petty &uarrel; s&uabble 4 to move with &uick, rippling noises [a
bickering brook" = to flicker, twinkle, etc. n. a petty &uarrel 4 a rippling or pattering sound
brabble (with) vi.[5rchaic" to &uarrel noisily over trifles n.&uarrelsome chatter
contend struggle ; be in rivalry or competition ; argue ; assert / compete; assert earnestly
contentious &uarrelsome
contest dispute
controvert dispute about ; deny, oppose / oppose with arguments; contradict
disputatious argumentative; fond of argument
dispute vi. to argue; debate 4to &uarrel vt. to argue or debate (a &uestion); discuss pro and con 4to
&uestion the truth of; doubt =to oppose in any way; resist 1to fight for; contest [to dispute every foot of
ground" n. a disputing; argument; debate 4a &uarrel =[bs." a fight #$%. discuss, argument beyond
dispute not open to dispute or &uestion; settled 4indisputably in dispute still being argued about; not
settled
haggle argue or dispute especially the price of something or the terms of a bargain / argue about prices
incontrovertible that cannot be disputed / indisputable
moot debatable
polemic controversy; argument in support of point of view
polemical
problematic perpleing; unsettled; &uestionable
spat" n.[3are" a slap/a &uick, slapping sound/[ollo&." a brief, petty &uarrel or dispute vi.[3are" to slap/tostrike with a &uick, slapping sound/[ollo&." to engage in a spat, or &uarrel vt.[3are" to slap #$%. &uarrel
squabblevi.to &uarrel noisily over a small matter; wrangle n.a noisy, petty &uarrel or dispute; wrangle #$%.
&uarrel4
tiff n. a slight fit of anger or bad humor; huff; pet/ a slight &uarrel; spat vi. to be in or have a tiff
wranglesuch an argument / take part in a noisy or angry argument / &uarrel; obtain through erhuing; herd
cattle
acidulous slightly sour: sharp: caustic #lightly sour; sub*acid; sourish; as, an acidulous tincture. **.
urke. 5cidulous mineral waters, such as contain carbonic anhydride.
bilious suffering from indigestion; irritable
churl . 5 rustic; a countryman or laborer. >>5 peasant or churl.++ **#penser. $our rank is all reversed; let
men of cloth ow to the stalwart churls in overalls. **merson. 4. 5 rough, surly, ill*bred man; a boor. 5
churl+s courtesy rarely comes, but either for gain or falsehood. **#ir !. #idney. =. 5 selfish miser; an illiberal
person; a niggard. ?ike to some rich churl hoarding up his pelf. **6rayton
crabbed sour; peevish ad'. peevish; morose; ill*tempered; cross / hard to understand because intricate or
complicated / hard to read or make out because cramped or irregular [crabbed handwriting"
cumbersome burdensome ; heavy and awkward to carry / hard to mange
fastidious difficult to please; s&ueamish
finicky too particular; fussy
fractious irritable, peevish, bad*tempered / unruly
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intractable unruly or stubborn ; not easily controlled or dealt with; unruly; refractory
malcontent a person who is not contented / discontented and inclined to rebel / person dissatisfied with
eisting state of affairs
martinet strict disciplinarian
meticulous ecessively careful
morose ill*humored; sullen
mutinous unruly; rebellious
overnice ad'. too nice; too fastidious, precise, etc.
petulant touchy; peevish
recalcitrant obstinately stubborn
refractory resisting control, discipline, etc. wilful ; not yielding to treatment ; hard to melt, fuse or work;
stubborn; unmanageable
restive unmanageable; fretting under control ad'. refusing to go forward; balky, as a horse / hard to
control; unruly; refractory / nervous or impatient under pressure or restraint; restless; unsettled #$%.
contrary
shrew scolding woman
squeamish ad'. having a digestive system that is easily upset; easily nauseated; &ueasy / easily shocked or
offended; prudish / ecessively fastidious; oversensitive #$%. dainty
touchy sensitive; irascible; sensitive; irritable
unruly not easily controlled ; disorderly / disobedient; lawless
untowardunfortunate; annoying
vixen female fo; ill*tempered woman
wantonunruly; unchaste; ecessive
besmear
besmirch soil; defile vt. to make dirty; soil 4 to bring dishonor to; sully
blotch n. a discolored patch or blemish on the skin 4 any large blot or stain vt. to cover or mark with
blotches
blur
brindled tawny or grayish with streaks or spots
dappled spotted
defile make something dirty ; destroy the purity of; pollute; profane
disheveled untidy
filthy
fleck spot
frowzy slovenly; unkempt; dirty
immaculate pure ; faultless ; without a spot or stain ; perfectly clean ; right in every detail / spotless
mottled spotted
piebald mottled; spotted
pied variegated; multicolored
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slovenly of or like a sloven / untidy; careless in work habits
smear
sordid filthy; base; vile
squalid dirty; neglected; poor
squalor
tainted contaminated; corrupt
unkempt untidy ; uncombed / disheveled; with uncared for appearance
abash embarrass, to destroy the self*confidence,poise,or self*possession of;disconsert;make ashamed or
embarrassed
addle rotten: muddled; cra8y . ?i&uid filth; mire. [bs." 4. ?ees; dregs. [!rov. ng." **
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trepidationfear; trembling agitation
turmoil confusion; strife
vacillation fluctuation; wavering
welterwallow / turmoil; bewildering 'umble
accede agree ; take up a position ; succeed ; become a member of an organi8ation
accolade bestowed of a knighthood by a tap on the shoulder with the flat of a sword ; praise ; approval;
award of merit
accord the state of being in agreement or harmony; be in agreement or harmony ; give,grant to agree; to
be in harmony; to grant or bestow
acquiesce to assent tacitly ;submit or comply silently or without protest ; assent; agree passively
assent agreement / agree to something / accept
compact
concur agree, be in harmony ; happen at the same time ; work together
concurrent happening at the same time
conformity harmony; agreement
congruence correspondence of parts; harmonious relationship
congruous (to, with); ad'. congruent / corresponding to what is right, proper, or reasonable; fitting;
suitable; appropriate
consort associate with
converge come towards each other and meet at a point / come together
seconder
stand-by
unanimity complete agreement or unity
uniformity sameness; consistency; monotony
unison concord or agreement / unity of pitch; complete accord
articulate say words or speak distinctly ; connect by 'oints / in which the separate sounds and words are
clear ; able to put thoughts and feelings into clear speech; effective; distinct
babble chatter idly
drone idle person; male bee / talk dully; bu88 or mumur like a bee
eloquent
enunciate speak distinctly
glib fluent; spoken easily but with little thought ; fluent
mumble
murmur
mutter
prattle babble
stammer
stuttering
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verbiage unnecessary words for the epression of an idea, etc. / pompous array of words
voluble lo&uacious ; able to talk very &uickly and easily ; fluent ; rotating / glib
austere strict; stern
brevity shortness of statements, human life and other nonmaterial things; conciseness
concise brief ; giving much information in few words; brief and compact
curt (abrupt) ad'.orig., short or shortened / brief, esp. to the point of rudeness; terse or brus&ue [a curt
reply" #$%. blunt
epigrammatic *ically ad. of the epigram or full of epigrams / having the nature of an epigram; terse, witty,
etc. 5lso
laconic brief and to the point
pithy concise; meaty
proverb
quietaholic
reticent not saying all that is known or felt ; in the habit of saving little; reserved; uncommunicative,
inclined to silence
sententious dull and morali8ing ; having an air of wisdom ; in the habit of saying or writing things in a
short and witty manner; terse; concise; aphoristic
succinct terse ; epressed briefly and clearly; brief; terse; compact
taciturn habitually silent; talking little
terse concise; abrupt; pithy
vignette picture; short literary sketch
amicable done in friendly way ; peaceful
amity friendship
bonhomie good nature; pleasant, affable manner; amiability
convivialgay ; cheerful ; fond of chatting, merry*making, drinking, etc. ; of a feast or an official dinner;
festive; gay; characteri8ed by 'oviality
debonair friendly; aiming to please
jaunty stylish; perky; carefree
jocund merry
jovial good*natured; merry
resilient bouncing or springing back into shape, position, etc. after being stretched, bent or compressed ;
buoyant in disposition / elastic; having the power of springing back
sanguine hopeful ; optimistic ; having a red compleion; cheerful; hopeful
spruce neat and trim
suavity urbanity; polish
vivacious lively,high*spirited,gay; animated; gay
winsome; attractive ; pleasing, bright / agreeable; gracious; engaging
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belie give a wrong or untrue idea of ; fail to 'ustify or be e&ual to what is hoped for or promised; contradict;
give a false impression
contravene go against a law, a custom, etc. ; attack a statement, a principle, etc. / contradict; infringe on
discordantnot in agreement ; not harmonious ; harsh / inharmonious; conflicting
discrepancy difference ; absence of agreement; lack of consistency; difference
disparity ine&uality ; difference / condition of ine&uality
dissent disagreement in opinion / have a different opinion from ; refuse to assent to ; refuse to accept the
religious doctrine of the huch of ngland
dissident person who disagrees ; dissenter / disagreeing
dissonant
divergent get farther apart from a point,or from each other as they progress / disffering; deviating
friction clash in opinion; rubbing against
incompatible
implacable that cannot be appeased ; relentless / incapable of being pacified
incoherence lack of relevance; lack of intelligibility
incoherent not logically coordinated, as to parts, elements, or details
incongruitylack of harmony; absurdity
incongruous not fitting; absurd
inconsistency
irreconcilable incompatible; not able to be resolved
oxymoron
paradox statement that seems to say something opposite to common sense or the truth, but which may
contain a truth; statement that looks false but is actually correct
rent
repugnance loathing
schism division; split
anesthetic substance that removes sensation with or without loss of consciousnes
callous (hardened; unfeeling
impassive showing no sign of feeling ; unmoved / without feeling; not affected by pain
insensate without feeling
insensible unconscious; unresponsive
opiate sleep producer; deadener of pain
soporific sleep producer
stolid (dull) dull; impassive
stupefactiona stupefying or being stupefied / stunned ama8ement or utter bewilderment
stupor almost unconscious condition caused by shock, drugs, alcohol, etc.; state of apathy; da8e; lack of
awareness
torpid dormant; dull; lethargic
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hefty
ponderous weighty; unwiedy
preponderous
atrophy
attenuate make thin or slender ; weaken
callous (hardened; unfeeling
debilitate make weak; weaken; enfeeble
debility
decrepitude
devitalize
drowsiness
effeminacy
enervate deprive of strength, force, vigor, etc. ; weaken physically, mentally, or morally / weakened
enfeeble
flabby
flaccid flabby
flagging weak; drooping
impassive showing no sign of feeling ; unmoved / without feeling; not affected by pain
impotent weak; ineffective
indolent habitually inactive or idle
inertia state of being inert or indisposed to move
inertness
insensatewithout feeling
insensible unconscious; unresponsive
lackadaisical affectedly languid
laggard slow; sluggish
languid weary; sluggish; listless
languor
lassitude
lax careless
lethargy a condition of abnormal drowsiness or torpor ; a great lack of energy ; being uninterested
listless too tired to show interest or do anything; lacking in spirit or energy
loaf
loiter hand aroud; linger
loll vi. to lean or lounge about in a relaed or la8y manner 4to hang in a relaed manner; droop [the dog+s
tongue lolled out" vt. to let droop or hang loosely n. [5rchaic" the act of lolling
phlegmaticcalm; not easily disturbed
remiss, careless of duty / negligent
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sap
senility old age; feeblemindedness of old age
sloth la8iness; slow*moving tree dwelling mammal
sluggard la8y person
sluggish inactive ; slow*moving / la8y; lethargic; not easily aroused by activity; slow to respond
somnolent sleepy ; almost asleep ; causing sleep / half asleep
stolid (dull) dull; impassive
stupor almost unconscious condition caused by shock, drugs, alcohol, etc.; state of apathy; da8e; lack of
awareness
supine (indolent) lying on back
torpid dormant; dull; lethargic
torpor (torpidity) lethargy; sluggishness; dormancy
foolhardyrash
temerarious rash
temerity boldness; rashness
venturesome bold
anhydrous withered
arid dry; barren
barren
colander utensil with perforated bottom used for straining
deluge great flood ; heavy fall of rain ; anything coming in a heavy rush / flood ; come down on; fiood;
rush
deplete empty until little or none remains ; use up ; ehaust; reduce; ehaust
desiccant
desiccate dry up
drain
drench
drought
exsiccate
hydrate
immerse
inundate flood ; cover with water by over*flowing ; deluge; overflow; flood
macerate
parch
saturate soak
scorch
sear
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soak
sodden soaked; dull, as if from drink
steep soak
asinine stupid
buffoon a clown
bungler
dolt stupid person
dupe n. a person easily tricked or fooled vt. to deceive by trickery; fool or cheat #$%. cheat
farcical
fatuity
fatuous foolish; inane
folly a lack of understanding, sense, or rational conduct; foolishness 4 any foolish action or belief = any
foolish and useless but epensive undertaking 1 a) [bs." wickedness or evil; also, lewdness b) action that
ends or can end in disaster #ee also follies
imbecile
impolitic not wise
imprudent lacking caution; in'udicious
inane silly; senseless
inept not suitable to the purpose ; wrong in a foolish and awkward way; unsuited; absurd; incompetent
jester
lout clumsy person
ludicrous laughable; trifling
mooncalf
oaf stupid, awkward person
obtuseblunt; stupid
pantaloon .
puerility
sap head
schlemiel
schmo schmoe
simp ! simpleton simpleton)
soft head
softy softie
stick-in-the-mud
stultify cause to appear foolish or inconsistent
stupe
stupor almost unconscious condition caused by shock, drugs, alcohol, etc.; state of apathy; da8e; lack of
awareness
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tomfool
vacuous empty; inane
vapid insipid; inane
witless foolish; idiotic
zany n. a clown or buffoon; specif 4a silly or foolish person; simpleton a) comical in an etravagantly
ludicrous or slapstick manner b) foolish or cra8y
acumen mental keenness ;keen insight; shrewdness
apprehensive fearful about something that might happen ; &uick to understand ; perceptive; fearful;
discerning
clairvoyant a clairvoyant person / having the power of seeing things not seen by other persons ; unusually
keen / fortuneteller / having foresight
discerning mentally &uick and observant; having insight
epiphany any appearance or bodily manifestation of a deity
eruditehaving or showing a wide knowledge gained from reading ; learned; learned; scholarly
erudition high degree of knowledge and learning
judicious showing or having good sense; wise; determined by sound 'udgment
perspicacious; &uick to 'udge and understand / having insight; penetrating; astute
sagacious keen; shrewd; having insight
contumacious resisting authority ; obstinate and disobedient
defiance challenge); the act of defying; open, bold resistance to authority or opposition / a challenge
insubordinate disobedient ; rebellious
insurgent a person engaged in surgent activity / rebellious ; rising in revolt ; in revolt against the
leadership of a political party
insurrection rebellion; uprising
malcontenta person who is not contented / discontented and inclined to rebel / person dissatisfied with
eisting state of affairs
mutineer) mutiny
mutinous unruly; rebellious
rebel n. one who engages in armed resistance against the established government of one+s country / a
person who resists any authority or controls / [often 3*" name for a onfederate soldier in the ivil
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avert (turn away,turn aside ; avoid ; prevent; prevent; turn away
balk n. a ridge of unplowed land between furrows 4 a roughly hewn piece of timber = a beam used in
construction 1 something that obstructs or thwarts; check, hindrance, disappointment, etc. A [bs." a
blunder; error 0 aseball an illegal motion by the pitcher, such as an uncompleted motion to throw to a
base, while one foot is on the rubber: it entitles each base runner to advance one base B illiards any of the
outer spaces between the cushions and the balkline vt. orig., to make balks in (land) 4 to obstruct or
thwart; foil = [5rchaic" to miss or let slip by 1 aseball to force (a base runner to score from third base) bycommitting a balk vi. to stop and obstinately refuse to move or act 4 to hesitate or recoil (at) = to make a
balk in baseball #$%. frustrate
circumvent prevent a plan from being carried out, frustrate; outwit; baffle
defer
deterrent something that discourages; hindrance
encumber get in the way of ; be a burden to ; choke up
forestall . upset somebody or his plans by doing something unepectedly early ; buy up ; do something
first and so prevent another from doing it; prevent by taking action in advance
hamper obstruct
hindranceblock; obstacle
impede hinder; block
impediment a thing which hinders ; an obstacle ; a defect in speech / hindrance; stumbling* block
inhibit; hinder, restrain ; forbid / prohibit;
lag lag vi. (Cged; Cging) (behind) 4 (linger); D 1
obstructionist
pester (ve), vt.to annoy constantly or repeatedly with petty irritations; bother; ve/[bs." to overcrowd;
cram
preclude prevent ; make impossible in advance; make impossible; eliminate
procrastinate delay action ; keep on putting off / postpone;
retard
seditionary
slackenslow up; loosen
stonewaller
stymie present an obstacle; stump
temporize delay making a decision, giving an answer, stating one+s purpose etc. ; act so as to gain time;
avoid committing oneself; gain time
thwart baffle; frustrate
apostate, one who abandons his faith / one who abandons his religious faith or political beliefs
convert
neophyteperson who has newly been converted to some belief or religion ; beginner; recent convert;
beginner
perfidious faithless ; treacherous / basely false
perfidyviolation of a trust
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proselyte a person who has been converted from one religion to another, or from one belief, sect, party,
etc. to another to try to convert (a person), esp. to one+s religion / to persuade to do or 'oin something, esp.
by offering an inducement
proselytize convert to a religion or belief
quisler
rattlesnake
recreant coward; betrayer of faith
renegade person who changes his religious beliefs ; person who deserts his political party ; traitor /
deserter; apostate
tergiversation evasion; fickleness
traitor
treacherousness
vavasor
vert
capricewhim
capriciousflickle; incalculable
conceit whimsical idea; etravagant metaphor
cranky (eccentric); ad'. in poor condition; apt to operate poorly / irritable; cross / &ueer; eccentric/ [3are"
full of turns; crooked/ %aut. liable to lurch or capsi8e; unsteady #$%. irritable
crotchetyecentric; whimsical
faltering falter vi. to move uncertainly or unsteadily; totter; stumble / to stumble in speech; speak
haltingly; stammer / to act hesitantly; show uncertainty; waver; flinch [to falter under enemy fire" / to lose
strength, certainty, etc.; weaken [the economy faltered" vt. to say hesitantly or timidly n. a faltering / a
faltering sound
fanciful whimsical; visionary
fantastic unreal; grotes&ue; whimsical
fickle often changing ; not constant; changeable; faithless
flux flowing; series of changes
frivolous a. (trifling), (silly) ad'. of little value or importance; trifling; trivial / not properly serious or
sensible; silly and light*minded; giddy [a frivolous remark, a frivolous youth"
intersperse ...
mercurial fickle; changing
metamorphose
monotonysameness leading to boredom
moodiness fits of depression or gloom
mutable liable to change ; likely to change / changing in form; fickle
protean versatile; able to take on many shapes
quicksilver
quirk startling twist; caprice
skittish lively; frisky
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tantrum fit of petulance; caprice
transitiona passing from one condition, period, form, stage, activity, place, etc. to another / going from
one state of action to another
transmutechange the shape, nature or substance of / convert to something different
vacillation fluctuation; wavering
vagary) caprice; whim
vagrant
vicissitudechange, especially in somebody+s fortunes; change of fortune
volatile evaporating rapidly; lighthearted; mercurial
wanton unruly; unchaste; ecessive
waver vi.to swing or sway to and fro; flutter / to show doubt or indecision; find it hard, or be unable, to
decide; vacillate / to become unsteady; begin to give way; falter / to tremble; &uaver: said of the voice, etc.
/ to vary in brightness; flicker: said of light / to fluctuate / to totter n. the act of wavering, trembling,
vacillating, etc.
whimsical capricious; fanciful; &uaint
nemesis revenging agent
reprisal in'ury or revenge done in return for an in'ury, especially by one country to another in a war;
retaliation
requite repay; revenge
retaliate repay in kind usually for bad treatment
vendetta feud; private warfare
vengeance n. the return of an in'ury for an in'ury, in punishment or retribution; avenging of an in'ury or
offense; revenge / the desire to make such a return
vindicate . prove the 'ustice, truth, validity, etc. of; clear of charges
abjure renounce upon oath
abnegate to renounce (a right or privilege); . to refuse or deny oneself (some rights, conveniences)
;re'ect 4. to relin&uish ; give up
abnegation repudiation; self*sacrifice
contravene go against a law, a custom, etc. ; attack a statement, a principle, etc. / contradict; infringe on
controvert dispute about ; deny, oppose / oppose with arguments; contradict
demur delay; ob'ect
desist cease ; stop ; give up
disavow deny belief, approval or knowledge ; refuse
disavowal denial; disclaiming
discard
disclaim give up ; re'ect ; deny; disown; renounce claim to
discredit loss of credit or reputation / refuse to believe or have confidence in / defame; destroy confidencein; disbelieve
disprove
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dissent disagreement in opinion / have a different opinion from ; refuse to assent to ; refuse to accept the
religious doctrine of the huch of ngland
flout re'ect; mock
gainsay deny
negate
negation denial
override
protest
rebuff snub; beat back
rebut to contradict
renege deny; go back on
renounce consent formally to give up a claim, right, possession, etc. ; refuse to acknowledge ; disown;
abandon; discontinue; disown; repudiate
repel vt.to drive or force back; hold or ward off [to repel an attack"/to refuse to accept, agree to, or submitto; re'ect [to repel advances"/ to refuse to accept (a person); spurn [to repel a suitor"/ a) to cause distaste
or dislike in; disgust [the odor repelled him" b) to cause (insects, etc.) to react by staying away/ a) to be
resistant to, or present an opposing force to [a coating that repels moisture" b) to fail to mi with or adhere
to [water repels oil" vi. to drive off, or offer an opposing force to, something / to cause distaste, dislike, or
aversion
repudiate disown ; say that one will have nothing more to do with ; refuse to accept or acknowledge ;
refuse to pay an obligation or dept; disown; disavow
revoke
withhold
apparent
elucidate eplain ; make clear ; throw light on a problem, or difficulty / enlighten; to make understandable
evince show that one has a feeling, &uality, etc.; show clearly
explicit clearly stated and leaving nothing implied ; outspoken ; saying what is meant without reservation
or disguise; definite; open
incontrovertible that cannot be disputed / indisputable
indisputablethat cannot be disputed ; un&uestionable / too certain to be disputed
indubitable that cannot be doubted; un&uestionable
limpidclear
lucid clear ; lucent; bright; easily understood
manifest understandable; clear
noncommittal; not committing oneself to a definite course or to either side in a dispute, etc. / neutral;
unpledged; undecided
overt open to view
palpable that can be felt or touched ; clear to the mind; tangible; easily perceptible
patent open for the public to read; obvious
pellucid transparent; limpid; easy to understand
perspicuous plainly epressed
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tangiblethat can be perceived by touch ; clear and definite ; real; able to be touched; real; palpable
transparent allowing light to pass through ; about which there can be no mistake or doubt / permitting
light to pass through freely; easily detected
unequivocal clear, having one only possible meaning / plain; obvious
unerringly plain; obvious
dim
filmy
hazy slightly obscure; not clear; vague
murky
nebulous cloudy; ha8y
opaque dark; not transparent
opaqueness
sooty
turbid muddy; having the sediment disturbed
abusive using insults and curses ; of wrong use / coarsely insulting; physically harmful
admonish blame or scold gently ; warn ; give advice to someone; warn: reprove
affront an open insult / insult someone openly and on purpose ; meet death face to face
anathema formal declaration of the church, ecommunicating somebody or condemning something as evil;
solemn curse
anathematize curse
animadvert
arraign charge in court; indict
aspersion the act of sprinkle water ; slander; slanderous remark
assail assault
averse unwilling ; opposed / reluctant
berate scold sharply / scold strongly vt.to scold or rebuke severely
billingsgate vituperation; abusive language
blasphemous profane; impious
bluster (n. . Eitful noise and violence, as of a storm; violent winds; boisterousness. 9o the winds they set
9heir corners, when with bluster to confound #ea, air, and shore. **7ilton. 4. %oisy and violent or
threatening talk; noisy and boastful language. **?+strange. #yn: %oise; boisterousness; tumult; turbulence;
confusion; boasting; swaggering; bullying.
calumniate slander
calumny malicious misrepresentation; slander
castigation punishment; severe criticism
censorious critical
censure blame; critici8e
chastise punish
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chide scold
contemn regard with contempt; disregard
contempt scorn; disdain
contumely scornful insolence; insult
culpable blameworthy,deserving punishment; deserving blame
decry disparage
defamation harm that is given to one+s reputation ; slander / harming a person+s reputation
defame to slander
denigrate blacken
denouncecondemn; critici8e
deprecate (feel and epress disapproval of; disapprove regretfully
deprecatory disapproving
derogatory tending to damage or take away from one+s credit, etc. ; insulting; epressing a low opinion
despise scorn
detest
detraction slandering; aspersion
diatribe bitter scolding; invective
disapprobation disapproval; condemnation
disapproval
disdain contempt ; scorn / look on with contempt ; think it dishonorable to do something ; be too proud;
treat with scorn or contempt
disparage say that someone or something is of small value or importance ; speak ill of; belittle
epithet an epression which give a good description, eg. #ophocles, the wise one / descriptive word or
phrase
excoriate flay; abrade
execrable deserving hate ; abominable ; very bad
execrate ; curse; epress abhorrence for
expletive (), (); inter'ection; profane oath
flak [", , / [" , ; !"(#$%&'()*+) ,-.
/0112, 34()541-.678(9:;?@1*.AB) n.the fire of antiaircraft
guns / [ollo&." strong, clamorous criticism, opposition, etc.
flay CDEF;; GHstrip off skin; plunder
flout
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hurl ^_`ab/ D(E cd(at) / eab; fg(pitch) vt. to throw or fling with force or
violence / to cast down; overthrow / to utter vehemently [to hurl insults" vi. to throw or fling something / to
move with force or violence; rush
hypercritical 7/ b>@_hi; finding too much to critici8e / ecessively eacting
ignominyj, klm, n@opqrs, tr loss of one+s reputation; shame and dishonor; infamy 4
disgraceful, shameful, or contemptible &uality, behavior, or act
imprecate ; u=`v;wxcurse; pray that evil will befall
imprecation ;a curse
impugn [yl,rs,y3zsw",; {; |5; R,RS; !Sattack by
argument or criticism,epress doubt about a statement,act,&uality,etc.; doubt; challenge; gainsay
imputation; }~; charge; repraoch
incriminate wb; [[w"/ , ;accuse of a crime ; say that someone is
guilty of wrongdoing
indignity j, TUoffensive or insulting treatment
invective ,u; [pl"; bJvabuse language ; curses ; violent epressions
inveigh ; =>Edenounce; utter censure or invective
libel ; lmdefamation
libelouslm, ,7, 7defamatory; in'urious to the good name of a person
malediction ; ucurse ; prayer to Fod that someone or somthing may be destroyed, hurt, etc
malign; ,, (*).q, uyspeak evil of; defame; to slander
maul
mock
mortify E_,;E_; (?zsw)(); rEcause someone to be
ashamed, humiliated, or hurt in his feelings ; discipline bodily passions or overcome bodily desires;
humiliate; punish the flesh
mudslinger E,, 78
nauseate , nausea
objurgate {_@; scold; rebuke severely
obloquy , ; u, ; klm/ bJv; bad words spoken of a person or thing ; ill repute ; disgrade /
slander; disgrace; infamy
opprobrium @, klm; U; / l, uthe disgrace or infamy attached to conduct viewed as
grossly shameful ; scorn ; reproach / vilification
pan
peace monger
pejorative TU1$,C@wv7having a deteriorating or depreciating effect on the meaning of a word
pelf /?; TU1.5stolen property; money or wealth in a contemptuous sense
rail }b8, @scold; rant
rate
rebuke ;
recrimination ; accusation made in return for one already made ; countercharge;
countercharges
remonstrate 2,=w,say or plead in protest, ob'ection, complaints, etc.
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reprehend 3
reprehensible Y; Edeserving to be blamed; deserving blame
reprimand
reproach ,3; (); @; klm; blame; censure
reprobate [,; >-./08; ()}~,person hardened in sin, devoid of a
sense of decency
reprobation ; 3severe disapproval
reprove ; }~find fault with ; say sharp words to; censure; rebuke
revile ,swear at, abuse; slander; vilify
scathe
slander ,; lmdefamation; utterance o false and malicious statements
slater . =4. 78
slight
slur
smear
sneer
sordid pq,k,@,TUofilthy; base; vile
spurn `,t; TUre'ect; scorn
stigmatize ([w)...; $; E;describe somebody scornfully; brand; mark as
wicked
stricture ; critical comments; severe and adverse criticism
tirade ; ; etended scolding; denunciation
traduce ,j; / say untrue or malicious things about ; slander / epose to slander
umbrage #; ; ; jresentment; anger; sense of in'ury or insult
upbraid ; >[scold; reproach
vilifier ,
vilify slander
vituperate @,
!!
abscond|,wt/ |Cgo away suddenly and hide / depart secretly and hide
abstruse{; ; j; {; =;]deep in meaning ; difficult to understand; obscure:
profound: difficult to understand;recondite
arcane isecret; mysterious
cache
clandestinei; isecret
conclavei&private meeting
covert i; ; v; isecret; hidden; implied
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crabbed .q; /{; sour; peevish ad'. peevish; morose; ill*tempered; cross / hard to
understand because intricate or complicated / hard to read or make out because cramped or irregular
[crabbed handwriting"
cryptic; t; imysterious; hidden; secret
enigmatic kC; nn1$obscure; pu88ling
esotericE=; i,known only to the chosen few
furtive istealthy
incognito E, r; l/ E;, l-./ r; concealed under a disguised identity ;
with an assumed name / with one+s name, identity, etc. concealed / with identity concealed; using an
assumed name
inconspicuous
intricate ,; 4jw,complicated ; difficult to follow or understand
lurk
obscure q; ,j; _; _dark; vague; unclear; darken; make unclear
occult ,i; ,1$,1$,kChidden ; secret ; mysterious ; supernatural ; magical;
mysterious; secret; supernatural
privy i; t; i:I7secret; hidden; not public
profound ,{,; S; y{deep; not superficial; complete
recondite ;q; {; 8)_bb; abstruse; profound; secret
riddle
skulk ; ; move furtively and secretly
subterranean
surreptitious i,7,i,Cgdone,got made, etc.in a secret,stealthy way,clandestine
!!
affected/opq: Cartificial: pretended
apocryphal sT,T; C,s; s; C{opqrelating to the apocryphal ; not genuine;
not genuine; sham
artificeB; ;Y;;deception; trickery
astute ; wise; shrewd
beguile =; _/ W; IGH; cheat ; amuse / delude;
belie ; (;,E);,JBEp`; R+; j+give a wrong or untrue idea of ;
fail to 'ustify or be e&ual to what is hoped for or promised; contradict; give a false impression
bilk Dw =4 D(E = D;(E v1 F>;, , ((E)
vt. to balk or thwart 4 to cheat or swindle; defraud = to get away without paying (a debt,
etc.) 1 to manage to get away from; elude [to bilk the police" n. a bilking or being bilked; hoa 4 a person
who cheats; swindler
bogus s; JC7counterfeit; not authentic
cajole g; -.=coa; wheedle
calumny u1$J; ; ,malicious misrepresentation; slander
charlatan =; 7'78,%,=&uack; pretender to knowledge
chicanery Bn; }; trickery
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circumlocution bp;; !VWroundabout way of speaking ; roundabout epression; indirect
or roundabout epression
cog "#$=%tooth pro'ecting from a wheel
concoct (&w)'Y(,); }`,gprepare by miing together ; invent a story, and
ecuse, a plot, etc.; prepare by combining; make up in concert
contrived Y(*,b*forced; artificial; not spontaneous
cozen =; W; cheat; hoodwink; swindle
delude =; deceive ; mislead
delusion; +false belief; hallucination
delusive;Y1; 7deceptive; raising vain hopes
devious ,-; |wFgoing astray; erratic
disingenuousky.; /?/ /binsincere ; not straightforward / not naive; sophisticated
dissemblet; s; C; *$'hide one+s feeling, intentions, etc. ; disguise; disguise;
pretend
dissimulate DD?,zsw ;; @/ * $'; C;hide one+s feelings,
intentions, etc. by pretense ; pretend / conceal by feigning
dupe ;0q8, $, 1;, 12=n. a person easily tricked or fooled vt. to deceive by trickery; fool or
cheat #$%. cheat
duplicity
elusive&37; =n7; 24;7evasive; baffling; hard to grasp
equivocate1[v, jEA/ =; .E;use vague epressions / lie; mislead;
attempt to conceal the truth
fabricate ; Jbuild; lie
factitious$s1$; Cartificial; sham
fallacious5,6; _7 containing a fallacy; erroneous [fallacious reasoning" 4 a) misleading or
deceptive b) causing disappointment; delusive
feint ; Bn; ;@;trick; shift; sham blow
finesse 789; ;,delicate skill
forswearJQ^; Y,:per'ure oneself ; give up doing or using something
fraudulent =7; ;Y7cheating; deceitful
furtivei
stealthy
gerrymander Jgw;;)v_@change voting district lines in order to favor a political party
gimmick
gouge |`tear out
guile ;Y,
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imposture ;assuming a false identity; mas&uerade
improbity /?dishonesty
insidious,{n7; i; 7,rytreacherous; stealthy; sly
inveigle; =lead astray; wheedle
legerdemain ?sleight of hand
mendacious J7; Jlying; false
mendacity s, J;
molten D= @, *6; 6in a melted and therefore very hot state ; made of metal that has been
melted and cast
nonentity .b7A, B; A78/ C@; A78thing that does not really
eist or that eists only in the imagination ; unimportant person / noneistence; person of no importance
perfidiousk,ky.; R7,DE7/ D=E7, faithless ; treacherous / basely false
perjury s,s; F%2Jthe act of making a false statement after taking an oath to tell the truth ;
willful false statement; false testimony while under oath
pharisaical5E,Ga#vF$(; 1$; s1$pertaining to the !harisees; self*righteous;
hypocritical
ploy
pretentious /7, H`7, I6, ^/v7/ J7, K'7, Y7; {1$claiming great merit or
importance / ostentatious; ambitious
pretext , g./ Lla false reason or motive put forth to hide the real one / ecise
prevaricate =, 1[v, PM/ Jmake untrue or partly untrue statements, try to evade
telling the whole truth / lie
quack =; ;charlatan; impostor
quibble , gNoOl/ ; P=>N=)!/ _; Eevasion of
the main point of an argument, attempt to escape giving an honest answer, by using a secondary or doubtful
meaning of a word or phrase / use &uibbles ; argue about small points of differences / e&uivocate; play on
words
ruse ; trick; stratagem
serpentine (QR)}k}ktwisting and curving like snake; winding; twisting
shammer #s, ;
shark . Sopq8, v
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studied
subterfuge ,g.; PMpretense; evasion
subtlety7; ; 2; d^nicety; cunning; guile; delicacy
surreptitious i,7,i,Cgdone,got made, etc.in a secret,stealthy way,clandestine
swindle
tortuous5,5,e$,gkgk; ky.,/bf,)g7; !-.Chifull of twists and
bends ; not straight forward, devious; winding; full of curves
twister .e7=, /?=
vulpine I, I`; / 2of or like a fo ; crafty
wangle 7:)jwiggle out; fake
welsher () ()E78, [w&378, ;
wheedle =.=; ; =ca'ole; coa; deceive by flattery
wily ; YnYkcunning; artful
!
botch fg_;ql; fg_n, mn. 5 swelling on the skin; a large ulcerous affection; a boil;
an eruptive disease. [bs. or 6ial." otches and blains must all his flesh emboss. **7ilton. 4. 5 patch put on,
or a part of a garment patched or mended in a clumsy manner. =.
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barge }, /(), J; (4=) 8b; e(houseboat);(() 5*)
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crabbed .q; /{; sour; peevish ad'. peevish; morose; ill*tempered; cross / hard to
understand because intricate or complicated / hard to read or make out because cramped or irregular
[crabbed handwriting"
cranky .q, {;C5/ , (eccentric); Oo; wA` / D;B(= k{?, 9
(9(7/ D,(= }k}k/ ad'. in poor condition; apt to operate poorly / irritable; cross /
&ueer; eccentric/ [3are" full of turns; crooked/ %aut. liable to lurch or capsi8e; unsteady #$%. irritable
cross [, ;=, y`7(irritable) (with); D;C 7ad'. lying or passing across or
through; transverse; crossing or crossed [cross street, cross ventilation" going counter; contrary; opposed
[at cross purposes" ill*tempered; cranky; irritable involving reciprocal actions, etc. of mied variety or
breed; hybrid; crossbred [5rchaic" causing harm; unfavorable
exasperatey>_/D?(E uvt. to irritate or annoy very much; make angry; ve
[5rchaic" to intensify (a feeling, disease, etc.); aggravate #$%. irritate
fractious y, f?/v7, .q, ;]irritable, peevish, bad*tempered / unruly
fretful w`7, y, {7(irritable); DnZ= B=7ad'.tending to fret; irritable and
discontented; peevish
grate_
,Jv
/_
,y3
>_
/
/opv
,#
, D)
irascibley; _>7irritable; easily angered
nag yC_v, ((at); vI:, #Cb/ D?Jv(=8E 3;_
:yCv(wcd7I) nettle ;.g; >_; :
peevish f?/v7, , ;= / .q, ?`7(cross) ad'.hard to please; irritable; fretful;
cross/ showing ill humor or impatience, as a glance or remark
pester :, f_, ((ve), g/, / yC8[A", Jvvt.to annoy constantly or
repeatedly with petty irritations; bother; ve/[bs." to overcrowd; cram
petulant y; ytouchy; peevish
querulous y`7; fUJv7fretful; whining ad'.inclined to find fault; complaining / full of complaint;peevish
splenetic~; y; spiteful; irritable; peevish
touchy ; y`7, T31$sensitive; irascible; sensitive; irritable
vex _, yC_, {K/Kf_, y>_, :annoy;
#$!%
dearth scarcity
deficiency
devoid ...=7; 6/ 57, /completely without ; lacking
iota very small &uantity
meager /, bfscanty; inade&uate
modicum limited &uantity
myopia {; bl=/
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scarcity
scintilla; , kshred; least bit
soupcon , , ;,; ; suggestion; hint; taste
whit 2; smallest speck
&'()!*+,!-.
clapper (, [) t, =,Sn@78, n=. ne who makes knickknacks, toys, etc. **7ortimer.
4. ne of two or more pieces of bone or wood held loosely between the fingers, and struck together by
moving the hand; ** called also clapper. **@alliwell.
diffuse P,ad'. spread out or dispersed; not concentrated 4using more words than are needed;
long*winded; wordy vt., vi. to pour, spread out, or disperse in every direction; spread or scatter widely
4!hysics to mi by diffusion, as gases, li&uids, etc. #$%. wordy
discomfit K; ;; ; m/nfrustrate the plans or epectations of ; make someone
uneasy or confused; put to rout; defeat; disconcert
garrulity ntalkativeness
garrulous nopq; lo&uacious; wordy
glib {\fluent; spoken easily but with little thought ; fluent
loquacious,nopqtalkative,fond of talking
magpie G newsmonger n"=
prate n; 7Espeak foolishly; boast idly
prolix ; bverbose; drawn out
prolixity, b
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meditationl; Zreflection; thought
mull
muse lponder
ponder
pore
ruminate =; Zchew the cud; ponder
12!3!45"
adjunct /B; n,; /6,/n; >*6bivouac >1temporary encampment
bout /(with) >1$;2; () P;2; P#H7{, N>brink (pb)
Cv( rim ); BC; [the C" 2(verge). the edge of a high place
capriciousOopq; >1$flickle; incalculable
cursory (>,zsC); g7; ^{wb7; B; _=,];&uick ; hurried ;
done without attention to details; casual; hastily done
ephemeral ){C7,l; 7living for a very short time ; trasitory; short*lived; fleeting
evanescent b;0q,Cb7,7,Nb7tending to fade from sight ; soon going from the
memory ; ephemeral; fleeting; vanishing
fleeting
flit omb>Cfly; dart lightly; pass swiftly by
improvise (,uE)q); BO-.make verse, music, etc. without preparationor plan ;
provide something roughly for an immediate need; compose on the spur of the moment
makeshift
meteoric, y`=Cb7swift; momentarily brillrant
mirage ;; +, 7t/ =an image of a distant ob'ect, often upside down, seen as if it were
near especially in the desert ; any illusion or hope that cannot be reali8ed / unreal reflection; optical illusion
palliation>1; Tact of making less severe or violent
perquisiteBn;,/nany gain above stipulated salary
provisional>1$,?1$tentative
reprieve erm; m,>1b/ erEm; >g/ >1m
secular ^1$; &4()A=; >1$worldly; not pertaining to church matters; temporal
sojourn >1'temporary stay
stopgap
super , B*()
temporal >1$, ; ^1$; W^not lasting forever; limited by time; secular
tentative B; .provisional; eperimental
transient >1$ZS; >1$,,7,[
transitoriness, >1B, 21Bimpermanence
waive v,>1-.;; xgive up temporarily; yield
16!71
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acquiescence ; 6submission; compliance
acquiescent n1-.(=7, 7accepting passively
amenable ;=7; :7readily managed; willing to be led
biddable
complaisantswt7; ; disposed to please ; polite ; complaint / trying to please;
obliging
compliance
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unfeigned , .; }7genuine; real
89!:;
disconsolate DD...E- kr; s{=7; ; n{)unhappy at the loss of something ;
without comfort or hope ; sad ; gloomy
dolorous; .qsorrowful
elegiacal C; glike an elegy; mournful
funereal ; hZsad; solemn
grievous; ; ,,creating affliction
lachrymose BE`7producing tears
lugubrious .qmournful
maudlin 1$,BEv7effusively sentimental
mawkish q; Jqsickening; insipid
plangent g; _(v7plaintive; resounding sadly
rheumy )B=>7, E7pertaining to a discharge from nose and eyes
rueful @7; ; Dregretful; sorrowful; de'ected
snivel B(B)Evrun at the nose; snuffle; whine
3!#?
affray #, k, fpublic brawl
bedlam kw, P; kl; [C" a(R(#t. 7ary of ethlehem); ?
(madhouse) madhouse; [5rchaic" any insane asylum ;any place or condition of noise and confusion
blare
blatant kopq,opqloudly offensive
boisterous>q; Jw; apqviolent; rough; noisy
brouhaha k, , apq, (n : loud confused noise from many sources [syn: hubbub, uproar" 4:
a confused disturbance far greater than its cause merits
clamorous
clangor apqyvloud, resounding noise
commotion
deafening
din apqv, continued loud noise
ferment ; ?; P, agitation; commotion
fluster ;confuse
fulminate MN@; OPthunder; eplode
obstreperous >q; apqboisterous; noisy
piercing
rambunctious
rattling
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raucous )Jv7harsh and shrill
scaremonger ^Ek_78, cv78
sedition,Rk; O,ktumult, allegiance; resistance to authority; insubordination
seethekb; (be disturbed; boil
squeaker vw`7A, a_78
stentorian vetremely loud
stridentJv.loud and harsh
tumult ,kcommotion; riot; noise
tumultuous
turbulence k, k, , ?; state of violent agitation
turbulent Jw, >q; [3, kopq; O, E>-7, +b7violent ; disorderly ;
uncontrolled
vociferousk,v.@7,apqnoisy,yelling; clamorous
@A!B!CD
assiduous Z; |Ziworking steadily, diligent ; eagerly attentive
chary {opq, ,; /aRE7cautiously watchful
circumspect ,; :; cautious ; well*considered; prudent; cautious
conscientiousx{1$, , {scrupulous; careful; carefou;honest
discreetbE7; ,'udicious
discretion,,; ; ,D,,r / 16Y|carefulness ; prudence ; freedom of
'udgment, choice,or action / ability to ad'ust actions to circumstances
gingerly ,_, _very carefully
heed
judiciousE7,xE7; Wl; =1Kshowing or having good sense; wise; determined by sound
'udgment
meticulousb>@_^{,ecessively careful
precise ?, / ?ieact
precision 8
prim ; 1;very precise and formal; eceedingly proper
providence
prudent ,,{opq,; (K)7acting only after careful thought or planning ; careful;
cautious; careful
punctiliousENv7; ^{,laying stress on niceties of conduct or form; precise
sagacious mv; ;; keen; shrewd; having insight
scrupulousx{1$; VW7,conscientious; etremely thorough
scrutinizeZi:; ^:eamine closely and critically
stonewaller (v) ,,
unobtrusive b, _)b7; ,/ _>b7, C7not too obvious or easily
noticeable ; discreet / inconspicuous; not blatant
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vigilance {, T, kwatchfulness, keeping watch
wary cautious; very cautious
EF"
misanthrope 8E7=; ^Chater of mankind ; person who avoids society / one who hates
mankind
misanthropic8E7,^1$hating or distrusting mankind or human society
misanthropy 8E1$;2; () P;2; P#H7{, N>n. [6ial." a going andcoming back again, as across a field in plowing; turn 4 a struggle; contest or match [a championship bout" =
a period of time taken up by some activity, illness, etc.; spell [a bout of the flu, a bout of shopping"
duel
feud k, Z; R; .fb, n.a bitter, long*continued, and deadly &uarrel, esp. between
clans or families vi.to carry on a feud; &uarrel n.land held from a feudal lord in return for service; fief
fracas q; brawl; melee
fray ; "brawl
spat =3["(); #-.v;[v" n.[3are" a slap/a &uick, slapping sound/[ollo&." a brief,
petty &uarrel or dispute vi.[3are" to slap/to strike with a &uick, slapping sound/[ollo&." to engage in aspat, or &uarrel vt.[3are" to slap #$%. &uarrel
squabble (>.) =, /Dnw 'v/() ,vi.to &uarrel
noisily over a small matter; wrangle n.a noisy, petty &uarrel or dispute; wrangle #$%. &uarrel4
strife ; f"
vendetta n; #$2, ;2)wkfeud; private warfare
wrangle , !"/ bf/ ", such an argument / take part in a noisy or angry
argument / &uarrel; obtain through arguing; herd cattle
KL
adulation ,ixflattery: admiration
blandishment flattery
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cajole g; -.=coa; wheedle
court
creep
cringev,s+shrink back, as if in fear
cringing
crouch
encomiasticix7; t7praising; eulogistic
fawning 7courting favor by cringing and flattering
flattery
fulsome ((=) b>wdisgustingly ecessive
grovel ;; vcrawl or creep on ground; remain prostrate
incense,>_enrage; infuriate
indomitable k; n7,?n7/ b7; k?kunyielding ; that cannot be
subdued or con&uered / uncon&uerable
ingratiate )(|,swt,Jvbring oneself into favor,especially in order to gain an
advantage ; flatter; become popular with
lackey $; footman; toady
obsequious7,Jv7; ; t7too eager to obey or advantage ; showing ecessive respect
from hope of reward or advantage; slavishly attentive; servile; sycophantic
parasite;B, ;; ;, b/ ; animal or plant living on or in another and getting its
food from it ; person supported by another and giving him nothing in return / animal or plant living on
another; toady; sycophant
sequaciousEzC;\7; eager to follow; ductile
servilevm,vm`; {=7; 7,t7; vm`; ..7of or like a slave ; lacking in the
spirit of independence ; obse&uious; slavish; cringing
snob B, =, 8)_8)_H`78
spanielo4(>), ,
subjection
subservient |=+7; .Jv7,/ vmRr7; 7useful as a means to a purpose ;
giving ot much respect to / behaving like a slave; servile; obse&uious
succumb
; [
,zs)
"b
,C
;D
give way to ; yield to temptation,flattery, etc. ; die;yield; give in; die
sycophanta servile flatterer, especially of those in authority or influence
sycophantic7; 7servilely flattering
toady w-/, (l)flatter for favors
truckle ; .Jvcurry favor; act in an obse&uious way
tuft hunter , B
unctuous ;T;E7; ; @=7,/pqoily; bland; insincerely suave
wheedle =.=; ; =ca'ole; coa; deceive by flattery
MNO,
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arrant ; 5; 5;;ul0[7 that is plainly such; out*and*out; notorious [an
arrant fool" 4 obs. sp. of errant (sense )
flagrant ulconspicuously wicked
infamousklmopq; ul; u; ul; 3disgraceful ; having a bad reputation ; wicked;
notoriously bad
notorious (>A-.)=T,,ulwidly known for something bad; outstandingly bad; unfavorablyknown
outrageous
reprehensible Y; Edeserving to be blamed; deserving blame
M!P!
abhor ...E; hate something very much; detest utterly; loathe; abominate ; to regard
with etreme repugnance or aversion
anathema 44,; 144formal declaration of the church, ecommunicating somebody or
condemning something as evil; solemn curse
animosity({),u,1#{; strong dislike or active enmity
animus 1hostile feeling or intent
antagonism11$2, R, 1, 1#active resistance
antipathy R,A; ; s){strong and decided dislike; aversion; dislike
aversion _bitterness; nerve / annoy; chafe
grudging `b7unwilling; reluctant; stingy
inimical1C
E7
,=C
>
;.q
hostile ; harmful; unfriendly; hostile
malevolent={+;w#7; uE7, {>qwishing to do evil or cause harm to others ; spiteful /
wishing evil
maliciousuE7; {dictated by hatred or spite
malignant uE7, @7; D= uy, @l1$, / uCE7; filled with a desire to hurt ;
harmful to life, violent / having an evil influence; virulent
odious hateful
rancor A; ; ; #bitterness; hatred
repugnance
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vidictive
virulent ,uyetremely poisonous
wanton ,;]; k; I,[unruly; unchaste; ecessive
QR!STR
acerbic (=),$; (,|;3(=)%,had' : sour or bitter in taste [syn: acerb, astringent, sharp"
4: harsh or corrosive in tone; Ian acerbic tone piercing otherwise flowery proseI; Ia barrage of acid
commentsI; Iher acrid remarks make her many enemiesI; Ibitter wordsI; Iblistering criticismI; Icaustic
'okes about political assassination, talk*show hosts and medical ethicsI; Ia sulfurous denunciationI [syn:
acerb, acid, acrid, bitter, blistering, caustic, sulfurous, sulphurous, venomous, virulent, vitriolic"
adjuration , hl, &g, hTsolemn urging . 9he act of ad'uring; a solemn charging on oath, or
under the penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal.
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severityh
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crabbed .q; /{; sour; peevish ad'. peevish; morose; ill*tempered; cross / hard to
understand because intricate or complicated / hard to read or make out because cramped or irregular
[crabbed handwriting"
dogged , not giving in readily; persistent; stubborn
dogmatic41$; 1$; K1$positive; arbitrary
dour /); sullen; stubborn
forward e; {; disobedient; perverse; stubborn
headstrong , e, bA7ad'. determined not to follow orders, advice, etc. but to do as one
pleases; self*willed / showing such determination [headstrong desire"
impenetrable 5b>n7; =n7not able to be pierced or entered; beyond understanding
incorrigible (8,>zsw)?n7,61$,31$that cannt be corrected, improved, or
reformed because firmly established as a bad habit; uncorrectable
indomitable k; n7,?n7/ b7; k?kunyielding ; that cannot be
subdued or con&uered / uncon&uerable
inexorable [?,,,CN7; :b7that cannot be moved or influenced by persuasion or entreaty ;
unyielding; relentless; unyielding; implacable
insubordinate b7; R21$/ b7, R27disobedient ; rebellious
integrity y.,; 5/ n; / y.y&uality of being honest and upright in character ; state or
condition of being complete / wholeness; purity; uprightness
intractable E7b7,e; ;q,;]; unruly or stubborn ; not easily controlled
or dealt with; unruly; refractory
mulishvF`; eklike or characteristic of a mule; stubborn, obstinate, balky, etc.
obdurate ,estubborn, obstinate, infleible
obstinacy
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unflinching vb7, Bpb7, :b7(unyielding); (resolute) not flinching, yielding, or
shrinking; steadfast; resolute
untoward kq, n7; e, yC, ;qunfortunate; annoying
willful |1$,>1$; eintentional; headstrong
Y\]'
allay C?:: ?calm: pacify
alleviate (,.E)U,; make pain or suffering less or easier to bear; relieve
anodyne drug that relieves pain; opiate
appease ,?; (E)Y; ,x; C?:&uiet an angry person, etc. ; satisfy
in appetite ; yield to the demands of someone; pacify; soothe
assuage *=_; E@=; ,Uease; lessen pain
bate @=, At; let down; restrain
conciliate,[; hpacify; win over
curtail@=shorten; reduce
deplete ; Bv; ; @=empty until little or none remains ; use up ; ehaust; reduce;
ehaust
emollient ; soothing or softening remedy
extenuate ?E, T/ pvmake wrongdoing less serious by finding an ecuse /
weaken; mitigate
extenuating 1$
impair ; DDC@, , E@=, / @; C@wdamage ; make worse or less,
weaker / worsen; diminish in value
lenitive
lighten
lull }, moment of calm
mitigatepv; appease
mollify ,pv; ?soothe
muffle
pacify C?:,,?calm and &uieted, end violence in
palliation>1; Tact of making less severe or violent
placate ,C?:,o_soothe ; pacify; pacify; conciliate
propitiate, s., swt/ BE#@; / C?:do something to take away the anger of /
appease
relieve
remit
retrench D*E @=, ; K/ cut down epenses ; make economies / economi8e
slacken |wCt; @=slow up; loosen
soothe
temper K, ; / ;3restrain; blend; toughen
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unmitigated 5, K1$/ ; {; T+bcomplete, absolute / harsh; severe; not lightened
wheedle =.=; ; =ca'ole; coa; deceive by flattery
^
chivalrous;,;1$,[*,;|; CTY; DDIy)_?,/ ;|, m#; *of
D the knights or the 7iddle 5ges ; honorable ; courteous / coirteous; faithful; brave
dauntlessk; *bold
doughty *courageous
fortitude *;/ *; calm courage in the face of pain, danger, or difficulty / bravery;
gamely*_plucky
^!_
audaciousdaring; bold; bold daring
chivalrous;,;1$,[*,;|; CTY; DDIy)_?,/ ;|, m#; *of
D the knights or the 7iddle 5ges ; honorable ; courteous / coirteous; faithful; brave
daring
dashing
dauntlessk; *bold
foolhardy [jrash
forward
gallant
imprudent T/lacking caution; in'udicious
lion-hearted
mettlesome
plucky
rash
reckless
unabashed
undismayed
valiant
valorous
^`ab
absolution
absolve w*,...E[.declare someone free from guilt or punishment; pardon an offense;to
grant pardon for
acquit [Z; ; nrset someone free from a charge of crime or from duty ; behave ;
conduct
amnesty ,,; Za general pardon especially for political offenses against a government
condone p=D,*overlook or forgive an offence; overlook; forgive
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countenance *j,=F,{s,,?; bb,E; bb,i,,6; $,$?; *,
_Dface, including its appearance and epression ; support / give support, approval, or
encouragement to; approve; tolerate
discharge
dismissal
emancipate (vm(E); w; set free a slave, etc. ; release from bondage,servitude, or serfdom
enfranchise JEto admit to the rights of citi8enship(especially the right to vote)
exculpate wF>_clear from blame
exempt Z6; Z; Zfree, clear, or released, as from some liability, or restriction affecting others
exonerate Z; [.; [.; *relieve of a burden, obligation, etc. ; free from a charge
or the imputation of guilt, eculpate; ac&uit; eculpate
immune Z; Z6eempt
manumit ; qemancipate; free from bondage
pardoner *78,
remission Ztemporary diminution of a disease
remit
reprieve erm; m,>1b/ erEm; >g/ >1mpostponement or remission
of punishment, especially by death ; delay or respite / postpone or delay punishment ; give relief for a short
time from danger, trouble, etc. / temporary stay
unfetter
unshackle
venial *nE7; forgivable; trivial
c(>!de
downcast;, oFopq directed downward 4 very unhappy or discouraged; sad; de'ected
facetiousoq; humorous; 'ocular
farcical, , #o
jocose oFogiving to 'oking
ludicrous oq; Plaughable; trifling
malapropism oFocomic misuse of a word
waggishE\7; CE7; oFopqmischievous; humorous; tricky
cf!gh
circuitous&.; &7going a long way; roundabout
circumlocution bp;; !VWroundabout way of speaking ; roundabout epression; indirect
or roundabout epression
devious ,-; |wFgoing astray; erratic
tortuous5,5,e$,gkgk; ky.,/bf,)g7; !-.Chifull of twists andbends ; not straight forward, devious; winding; full of curves
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7i!j
allure , entice; attract
bait :, P_, DGH) w, .(=, ; B, harass; tease
a) to set attacking dogs against [people formerly baited chained bears for sport" b) to attack as such dogs
do 4 to torment or harass with unprovoked, vicious, repeated attacks = to tease or goad, esp. so as to
provoke a reaction 1 to put food, etc. on (a hook or trap) to lure animals or fish A to lure; tempt; entice 0
[5rchaic" to feed (animals) during a break in a 'ourney vi. [5rchaic" to stop for food during a 'ourney n. [%
beita, lure, fish bait" food, etc. put on a hook or trap to lure fish or animals 4 anything used as a lure;
enticement
blandish
coax
debauch I; :; , s)bcorrupt; make intemperate
decoy ; lure or bait
entice , lure; attract; tempt; to attract to rure
incentive ;, $, ; 1$,; ,;/Ithat which incites, rouses, or encourages a person /
spur; motive
incubate/; hatch; scheme
inveigle; =lead astray; wheedle
wheedle =.=; ; =ca'ole; coa; deceive by flattery
klmi
carnal J'fleshly
corporeal J'; B3bodily; material
embody [,?zsw"g';
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lewd t, , klustful
libertine ; debauched person; roue
libidinous?1$, s1$, lustful
libido KY; y1emotional urges behind human activity
licentious; ; wanton; lewd; dissolute
lustful
obscene
prodigal7,; "=7; /wasteful ; too free in giving or spending ; abundant; wasteful;
reckless with money
prodigality; (Xb=)7,7profligate person / shamelessly
immoral ; reckless, etravagant; dissipated; wasteful; licentious
promiscuous; ; kMN, '$, DSDmied indiscriminately; hapha8ard; irregular
prurient kbased on lascivious thoughts
rakehell
ribald; opq,,kwanton; profane
salacious k, s1$lascivious; lustful
spendthrift XOO=CP8C, ,
sybarite, Ilover of luury
voluptuary s)8, 8
voluptuous; Y1$gratifying the senses
wanton ,;]; k; I,[unruly; unchaste; ecessive
anesthetist
cardiologist
chiropodist P@&54one who treats disorders of the feet
dermatologist 3/I54one who studies the skin and its diseases
endocrinologist
gynecologist
obstetrician
oncologistxQ
ophthalmologist
orthopedist
podiatrist(P) 54doctor who treats ailments of the feet
psychiatrist?Iepert in the treatment of mental illness / a doctor who treats mental diseases
pq!C
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accord >@,,),=; >@,+; nI; Ithe state of being in agreement or harmony;
be in agreement or harmony ; give,grant to agree; to be in harmony; to grant or bestow
coincident)>>7occurring at the same time
compatible >@7; xnE7; 1); x7; w=Rin accord with ; able to live together in
harmony ; suited to; harmonious; in harmony with
concord >@,; %,%; agreement or harmony between persons or things
concur ,>@; )>>; %|agree, be in harmony ; happen at the same time ; work
together
conformity ; >@harmony; agreement
congruence (nQ))); w=Rcorrespondence of parts; harmonious relationship
consensus>@,); Igeneral agreement of opinion, feeling, etc. ; collective opinion
consonance, >@harmony; agreement
consort ;;associate with
harmonize
jibe vi. to shift from one side of a ship to the other when the stern passes across a following or
&uartering wind: said of a fore*and*aft sail or its boom 4to change the course of a ship so that the sails shift
thus: cf. tack (vi. a) =[ollo&." to be in harmony, agreement, or accord [accounts that don+t 'ibe" vt. %aut.
to cause to 'ibe n. an act of 'ibing
parallel>@7;rto cause to correspond or lie in the same direction and e&uidistant in all parts
reconcile ; >@make friendly after &uarrel; correct inconsistencies; to settle on friendly
terms
solidarity>@,
symmetryS, , / S=:|/(E1@complete agreement or unity
unison), >@/ ; concord or agreement / unity of pitch; complete accord
R!r/
adept Z; l$/ Z6,?/ Ya person with great skill ; epert / highly skilled / epert at
adroit;,89\,YZclever, skillful, ingenious or resourceful when dealing with problems
agile
ambidextrous xEA7; 89E7/ x=able to use the left hand or the right e&ually well ;
unusually skillful / capable of using either hand with e&ual ease
astute ; wise; shrewd
deft Cneat; skillful
dexterous 89\skillful
finesse 789; ;,delicate skill
ingenious ?, 7/ v; ; 89\clever
manipulate D89E_ , ; , 7_/ -./ 89E_; operate or
handle with skill ; manage or control somebody or something skillfully or craftily / operate with the hands
proficientYZ8,C,l$; YZ,Z6a person who has skill in special thing / skilled
sleight YZ89deterity
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-XV!Ws
diatribe; ; , 4bitter scolding; invective
harangue 1O, noisy speech
tirade ; ; etended scolding; denunciation
tu
anathema 44,; 144formal declaration of the church, ecommunicating somebody or
condemning something as evil; solemn curse
anathematize curse
execrable ; Topq; u[|/ bqdeserving hate ; abominable ; very bad
execrate ; curse; epress abhorrence for
imprecate ; u=`v;wxcurse; pray that evil will befall
imprecation ;a curse
invective ,u; [pl"; bJvabuse language ; curses ; violent epressions
malediction ; ucurse ; prayer to Fod that someone or somthing may be destroyed, hurt, etc
m!vwx
adversary R, 1opponent; enemy
antagonist
assailant
defier
foe
saboteur
traducer
villain
!y
artless /, without guile; open and honest
candid?straightforward
candor /,U; ?C7with directness
guileless, /without deceit
ingenuous /, #1$; M,}7frank ; open ; innocent ; natural; naive; young; unsophisticated
outspoken
probity DDy, 8', , y./ ?; uprightness of character, integrity, sincerity / incorruptibility
rectitude ?, W#rshonesty, upright or straight forward behavior / uprightness
tortuous5,5,e$,gkgk; ky.,/bf,)g7; !-.Chifull of twists and
bends ; not straight forward, devious; winding; full of curves
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transparent fl,@7; l&,lU/ /allowing light to pass through ; about which there can be no
mistake or doubt / permitting light to pass through freely; easily detected
veracious ., ?truthful
veracity?truthfulness
z
adore
apotheosize
chivalrous;,;1$,[*,;|; CTY; DDIy)_?,/ ;|, m#; *of
D the knights or the 7iddle 5ges ; honorable ; courteous / courteous; faithful; brave
dais CT7(Es, v, raised platform for guests of honor
defer
deference ,; CT,Tthe act of obeying the 'udgment or opinion of another ; great respect;
courteous regard for another+s wish
deify -.j, Xturn into a god; idoli8e
esteem C,, CT/ CT(); 2respect; value; 'udge; a favorable opinion ;respect
estimable CTYworthy of respect
homage CT,Thonor; tribute
idolatrize
idolatryX; b>wixworship of idols; ecessive admiration
idolize
obeisanceT,CT,T; ; $deep bow of respect or homage ; homage ; obedience, submission
revere CTto regard with worshipful veneration
reverent T7respectful
tribute B; CTV/ i; ta levied by a ruler; mark of respect
venerable CTYdeserving high respect
venerate CT,Xrevere
veneration CT; CT, X
{{!|P!}~
adhere DB)/=; D8=n; ./ e=/ (p7; 1$serving as an aid or accessory; auiliary
asylum ,n*place of refuge or shelter; protection
auspices i, E, \kindly endorsement and guidance; Ithe tournament was held under the auspices ofthe city councilI [syn: protection, aegis"
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benefactor (Q,,')E; $person who has given financial help to a school, hospital, or
charitable institution; gift over; patron
bolster b; @support; prop up n. a long, narrow cushion or pillow 4 a soft pad for easing
pressure on any part of the body = any bolsterlike ob'ect or support; specif., a) a capping piece over a post
to etend the bearing area under a beam b) the connecting part between the volutes of an -onic capital vt.
to prop up as with a bolster; support, strengthen, or reinforce: often with up
boost iWE, ; T;/x() (C() , (; (() (C_)) ]^@;vt.
to raise by or as by a push from behind or below; push up 4 to urge others to support; promote [to boost a
program" = to make higher or greater; increase in amount, power, etc. [to boost taes, boost electric
current" n. a push to help propel a person or thing upward or forward 4 an act that helps or promotes = an
increase in amount, power, etc. #$%. lift
brace
bulwark y,; 4,(B) earthwork or other strong defense; person who defends
buttressb_support or prop
champion;,bbsupport militantly
constituency; Jg; E, bb; the inhabitants or voters in a district represented in a
legislative body
countenance *j,=F,{s,,?; bb,E; bb,i,,6; $,$?; *,
_Dface, including its appearance and epression ; support / give support, approval, or
encouragement to; approve; tolerate
crutch
duenna /, IC?; Iyattendant of young female; chaperone
endorse $; bb; =,5approve; support
espouse (=,bbadopt; support
girder
guy
haven
patronize Esupport; act superior toward
peg
pillar
prop
proponent {,P,bbperson who proposes something; person who supports or proposes (an idea)
rampart y, defensive mound of earth
sanctuary
seconderE, 8, iy
skid
splice
stave
stay
strut G;/ b, _pompous walk / supporting bar
substantiate,l; bbverify; support
tutelage E; b|, guardianship; training
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tutelary n7,; E$protective; pertaining to a guardianship
!
banal `; /; aabcommonplace ; trite; hackneyed; commonplace; trite
banality/dIyoung woman making formal entrance into society
embark =n, , commence; go on board a boat; begin a 'oumey
gambit'o)ezswt7fn; ,nopening in chess in which a piece is sacrificed
genesis ,P,;; ^;beginning, starting point ; the first book of the ld 9estament; beginning;
origin
inaugurate #,; Bbegin formally; install in office
inchoate=g; P; recently begun; rudimentary; elementary
incipient ; P; beginning; in an early stage
initiate/ #; Cbegin; originate; receive into a group; to start; to begin
instigate; /t;..._; /t;; ; /3incite ; goad someone to do something;
urge; start; provoke
overture !,5!; mh,musical composition played as an introduction to an opera or as a
separate item at a concert ; approach made with the aim of starting discussions
preamble [?4z="4,54introduction or preliminary statement, especially to a formal statememt /
introductory statement
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preface
preliminary
prelude #; 5!; 5; v; gintroduction; forerunner
threshold 4b, g; , P
toddler (w;7, 7)=,
f!#
abrogate
annul [.; ib; / \destroy the effect of a law, etc. ; do away with ; cancel /
make void
countermand &, / / &taking back / cancel an order by issuing a contrary order /
revoke
invalidate[./ [, ; 4, i, ibmake invalid / weaken; destroy
nullify [.,ito make invalid
recant 1-.,(=5E)&withdraw or renounce beliefs, statement, etc. in a formal or
public manner; repudiate; withdraw previous statement
renege JK, /$/E, E;, deny; go back on
repeal
rescind ib, [., repeal, annul, or cancel a law, contract, etc.
rescissioni;; &abrogation; annulment
retract
retraction&withdrawal
revoke
vitiate C@wv,[.; @spoil the effect of; make inoperative
voider 78, 78, Jb78
}!/
abecedarian
apprentice
callow jk=>b; Zunfledged; youthful
coltish Z;yad'. of or like a colt; esp., frisky, frolicsome, etc.
fledgling =nE7FF; l=,m>;; T=7,`;young bird 'ust able to fly ; young
ineperienced person
inchoate=g; P; recently begun; rudimentary; elementary
infantile `, @childish; infant*like
neophyte #,,{,person who has newly been converted to some belief or religion ;
beginner; recent convert; beginner
nonage Zimmaturity
novice beginner
probationer
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rookie
rudimentary ; ;not developed; elementary
sophomoricZ; MSimmature; shallow
toddler (w;7, 7)=,
tyro ; {beginner; novice; a beginner
unfledged , Zimmature
!
accelerate C; &; %b/ C+make something move faster, speed up ; make
something happen or come sooner ; increase in speed
catalyze&am