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Green and Sustainable Building Design
Chitrarekha Kabre Professor and Chairperson
Dept of Architecture Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal INDIA
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5Gtoe
11.2Gtoe
14%
>30% Kyoto Protocol
IEA(2010) Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries Mtoe: Million tone oil equivalent
World primary energy demand
World primary energy demand
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IEA(2010) Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries Mtoe: Million tone oil equivalent
Energy Prices
Substantial slow down in nuclear power generation developments to account for worldwide nuclear policy changes since the Fukushima incident.
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Asia’s energy consumption
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IEA(2010) Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries Mtoe: Million tone oil equivalent
The McKinsey Global Institute
• Estimates that four of the five most cost-effective measures taken to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions involve building efficiency.
• The measures are building insulation, lighting systems, air conditioning and water heating.
• Improved efficiency for commercial vehicles is the only non-building issue to make it on to the top five list.
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Future imperatives Energy efficient buildings
Uses less energy for heating, cooling, and lighting, without affecting comfort of the occupant
Saves electricity and fuel (used for electricity generation) consumption and saves money in the long run
Green buildings Uses less water, optimises energy efficiency, conserves
natural resources (such as trees, flora and fauna) generates less waste and provides healthier spaces for occupants, as compared to a conventional building
Saves time if effort is put into planning and saves money and enhances the natural environment in the long run
Sustainable buildings Do all of the above AND Generate their own energy, water, other resources such as food... Recycle their own waste water, solid waste, organic waste, etc.
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Enabling Framework Bureau of Indian Standards (erstwhile Indian Standard Institution)
National Building Code 2005, Handbooks, Codes Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Established by Energy Conservation Act, 2001 Energy Conservation Building Code 2006
Central Electricity Authority Established by Electricity Act 2003 Electricity sector to reduce AT&C losses, improve performance and
quality, competitive pricing Ministry of Environment and Forest Planning Planning Commission
Integrated Energy Policy 2006 Looked at all aspects of energy consumption in the Indian economy, including small
scale / rural energy issues
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Sources GRIHA - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment
Indian Green Building Council Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
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Latitude 6ºN & 36º N Longitudinal 68ºE & 98ºE Total area is about 3.2 million
square km
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ECBC & Climatic Zones
Climatic Zone
Mean Monthly DBT (ºC)
Mean Monthly RH(%)
1. Hot-Dry Above 30 Below 55 2. Warm-
Humid Above 30 Above 55
Above 25 Above 75 3. Temperate 25-30 Below 75 4. Cold Below 25 All values 5. Composite A climatic zone that does not have
any season for more than 6 months
Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)
• 34 criteria (8 mandatory, 4 partly mandatory and rest optional), 100 points, four bonus points
• Site Selection and Site Planning, including conservation and efficient use of resources,
• Building planning and construction, including designing for efficient use of energy and water, embodied energy use in the building materials and construction activities, use of renewable or recycled materials, the reuse of water, waste management, health, well-being, and
• Building operation and maintenance, including energy audits and validation, building operations and maintenance, and
• Innovation covers up to four bonus points.
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50 to 60 points
61 to 70 points
71 to 80 points
81 to 90 points
91 to 100 points
(GRIHA) Star Certification
Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED)
• Sustainable sites (maximum 13 points) • Water efficiency (maximum 6 points) • Energy & atmosphere (maximum 17
points) • Material & resources (maximum 13 points) • Indoor environment quality (maximum 15
points) • Innovation in design (maximum 5 points)
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LEED India NC
• Certified equates to 26 to 32 points • Silver rating equates to 33 to 38 points • Gold rating equates to 39 to 51 points • Platinum rating equates to 52 to 69 points • The intent of LEED India NC is to assist in
the creation of high performance, healthful, durable, affordable and environmentally sound commercial and institutional buildings.
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Time line
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1987
• OUR COMMON FUTURE (BRUNDTLAND REPORT) • World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED). Our
common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987 p. 43.
1992
• EARTH SUMMIT • UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) Rio de Janeiro,
Argentina Agenda 21 www.unep.org/unep/partners/un/unced/home.htm
2002
• WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (10+ UNCED)
• Johansnesburgssummit.org
2012 • UN CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - RIO+20
20-22June (20+ UNCED)
Stern warning-Nicholas Stern-2006
• 1% of global GDP to fight CC or global economy will loose 5-20% of GDP!!
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Old versus New Environment Old Environment: “Take only pictures.
Leave only footprints.”
New Environment: “Take only pictures.
Leave NO footprints.”
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Lowest cost co2 mitigation option
• Co2 350 ppm currently • Should not exceed 450
ppm by 2100 • Cap temperature
increase to 2 degrees only.
ppm parts per million
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Green learning environment… “A school is a building which has four
walls and the future inside.” A “green learning environment” is an energy
efficient, higher performing school that can be environmentally beneficial, economical to build and operate, and offer improved learning environments.
Public school facilities are increasingly designed and constructed to be efficient, effective, and sustainable for their expected building life to enhance energy efficiency and environmental awareness.
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Development of a child
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Language development
Physical and mental development
Development of creative expression and aesthetic appreciation
Emotional development
Social development
Intellectual development
Design elements 1 • Site design
2 • Daylighting and windows
3 • Energy-efficient building shell
4 • Lighting and electrical systems
5 • Mechanical and ventilation systems
6 • Renewable energy systems
7 • Water conservation
8 • Recycling systems and waste management
9 • Transportation
10 • Resource efficient building products
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Exemplars… 1. Auroville (Suhasini Aiyer Guigan) 2. The Doon School (Kothari & Associates) 3. Delhi Public School, Agra 4. Vidyanidhi Education Society, Gurgaon 5. The Shri Ram School, Gurgaon 6. Salwan Public School 7. Woodstock School, Mussorie (Ar Niraj Manchanda) 8. Druk White Lotus School, Leh (Ove Arup) 9. Green Schools Program, CSE 10. Mirambika, New Delhi (Ar Sanjay Prakash) 11. Shikshantar, Gurgaon 12. Pragyan, Greater Noida (Ar Sanjay Prakash) 13. Earth School, Jalandhar (Ar Sanjay Prakash)
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CREED-PS 2011-12 • The actual student competition of the
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) for a Sustainable School is starting point of detailed discussions on buildings, spaces, products and user’s needs for a successful implementation of measures for the improvement of life conditions.
• Students from DCRUSTM and HSOWL made design interventions
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Panchbhuta: Five elements
: AGNI : FIRE
:AKASH : SKY
: VAYU : AIR
:PRITHVI: EARTH
: JAL : WATER
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Site Design
• Selecting site Cost Environment Health/safety Community
• Local ecosystem • Water conserving • Erosion control &
off-site impacts
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• Building orientation • Renewable energy • Maximize potential
of site
Site Design
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RAIN WATER HARVESTING
WESTSIDE EVERGREEN TREES Alstenia Scholaris, Coastal She-oak, Golden Shower Tree, Coral Tree, Fiddle Leaf Fig, southern Silky Oak, Tabebuia Supp, Weeping Fig
SOUTH SIDE DECIDIOUS TREES Golden Shower Tree, Kapok, Lagerstomia Supp
SUN PATH
EASTSIDE EVERGREEN TREES Alstenia Scholaris, Coastal She-oak, Golden Shower Tree, Coral Tree, Fiddle Leaf Fig, Southern Silky Oak, Tabebuia Supp
EVAPORATIVE COOLING FOUNTAIN
NORTH SIDE Scarlet Bush, Bauhinia, Ipomia Goldeana
PERMEABLE PAVING
N
WIND FUNNEL
Site design
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Landscaped courtyard
Skylight
Semi-paved Pathways
Shaded Pathways
Passive techniques
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Orientation
Roof Garden
Earth Berming Ground water Storage Tank
Shading Devices Strip windows
Design guidelines for daylighting
• Building orientation & solar access
• Roof monitors & clerestories
• Light shelves • Light controls • Interior finishes • Skylights • Windows (exterior &
interior treatment)
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Day lighting & artificial lighting
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Geothermal energy
Lighting Shelves
Photovoltaic cells
Cavity wall
Energy efficient building shell
• Massive wall • Insulation • Radiant heat • Moisture & infiltration
strategies • Embodied energy
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Renewable Energy systems
• Building integrated approach • Solar hot water system • Wind • Geothermal • Photovoltaics • Stand alone • Grid connected
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German – Learning Formation
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self - teaching one-to-one lesson Demonstration Informally Learning
Geothermal heat exchanger
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Geothermal energy sonde Geothermal energy collector Functionality Summer
Functionality Winter Geothermal energy helix
Recycle, reuse
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Functional principle Winter Summer
• 2nd floor: enveloping structure of twining plants provides a microclimate for the inhabitants through shading and evaporation
• 1st floor: facade made of bottles, packed with sand, placed on their side and stacked up, and bound together with cement
Double glazing, rotatable
Plastic bottle facade with lounge windows
Green principles
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• communication
• sustainability
• energy efficiency
• comfort
• natural building materials
• flexibility
Water conservation
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97%
2% 1%
Water the earth
Mandatory
• Central Government
• States Government
Cooperation • Stakeholders
National Directory
• Regulating standards
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CONCLUSION