Greening What's Already Here

transcript

GREENING WHAT’S ALREADY HERE GULF COAST GREEN MAY 2nd , 2013

Barbara A. Campagna, FAIA, LEED AP BD+C

GULF COAST

AIA HOUSTON

Especially Julie Hendricks

THANK YOU

Julia Ideson Building, Houston Public Library

Houston AIA is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES). Credit(s) earned on completion of this program will be reported to AIA/CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This program is registered with AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

The construction and operation of buildings accounts for almost 50% of the United States greenhouse gas emissions. But reusing and retrofitting our

existing buildings can reduce these emissions dramatically. Reusing what we have – buildings, landscapes and communities – is the best way to make the

biggest, most immediate impact in controlling climate change. New construction and major renovation comprises less than 10% of the country’s

real estate portfolio, so it is clear that making a substantial impact on our planet will require focusing on the greater than 90% of buildings that are not new. While older, traditional buildings use less energy on average than more

recent buildings, some worry that a push to green historic buildings will threaten valuable cultural resources.

Greening What’s Already Here

Learning ObjectivesAt the end of this program, participants will be able to:

1. Demonstrate how original character defining features in existing and historic

buildings can be reactivated to improve energy and resource efficiency.

2. Identify the cultural and preservation metrics in past, current and future

versions of the LEED rating system and how the recognition and use of

these metrics has been improving.

3. Discuss the importance of greening the operations of existing and historic

buildings.

4. Review the difference between LEED capital products and the LEED

operations and maintenance product, and why the maintenance product will

have a more significant impact on world resource use.

GREENING WHAT’S ALREADY HEREFrom Traditional Historic to Modernism

Lee H. Nelson Hall, NCPTT Headquarters, Natchitoches, LA and the Philip Johnson Glass House, New Canaan,

WHY ARE HISTORIC & EXISTING BUILDINGS IMPORTANT TO CLIMATE CHANGE?BUILDINGS ACCOUNT FOR ALMOST HALF OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

Smog in the Hollywood Hills, CA

U.S. CARBON EMISSIONS

US = 22% of greenhouse gases

5% of world population

The Reynolds FactoryWinston-Salem, NC

Why Existing Buildings MatterAnnually—43% of carbon emissions are from the operation (not including construction) of buildingsSource: Pew Center on Global Climate Change

70%+ of electricity goes to buildingsSource: USGBC

40% of raw materials are used for constructionSource: USGBC

City Hall, Houston

Why Buildings MatterAnnually—

43% of carbon emissions are from the operation (not including construction) of buildings

Source: Pew Center on Climate Change

71% of electricity goes to buildings

Source: USGBC

40% of raw materials are used for construction

Source: USGBCBenedict Hall, University of Texas at Austin

Retrofit Green… Debunking The Myth Many historic buildings are already energy efficient

Average energy consumption Btu/sq. ftCommercial Buildings (non malls)

Before 1920 80,1271920 – 1945 90,2341946 – 1959 80,1981960 – 1969 90,9761970 – 1979 94,9681980 – 1989 100,0771990 – 1999 88,8342000 – 2003 79,703

Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey, 2003U.S. Department of Energy

RESIDENTIAL IS THE OPPOSITEThe Advent of Insulation

US Energy Information Administration

LIFE CYCLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION…

Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute

Retrofit Green

Energy performance can be improved

Understand Your climate – Reactivate original features

Potomac Avenue House, Buffalo, NY

The Alley Theatre, Houston, TX

Retrofit Green

Understand Your climate – Reactivate original features

Historic House in the King William Historic District, San Antonio, TX

Graphic Prepared by Elaine Gallagher Adams, Rocky Mountain Institute

Retrofit Green

Many rehabilitation projects are going green

Nakamura Courthouse, Seattle, WAA General Services Administration Project

THE NATIONAL TRUST & THE US GREEN BUILDING COUNCILBuilding a Partnership 2007-Today

Changing the Face of LEED

LEED 3.0/2009Weighting using LCAAlternative Compliance using Durability of Materials

LEED v4Preservation/Social Metrics

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEED PRODUCTS

A POINT IN TIME THE LIFE OF THE BUILDING

State Capitol Restoration, Austin, TX

State Capitol Visitor Center, Austin, TX

REVISING LEED – LEED 2009Changed LEED to a weighted system based on LCA Indicators & starting to add Preservation/Social/Cultural Metrics

Calistoga, Napa, California

LEED ND – Adding Historic Preservation LanguageLEED ND — Green Infrastructure Building Credit 5 EXISTING BUILDING REUSE

Reliance Building/Hotel Burnham, Chicago, IL

REVISING LEED – LEED v4Materials & Resources Credit – Building Life-Cycle Impact Reduction – 5 points for designated landmarks

THE OLDEST LEED-CERTIFIED BUILDINGS

Slide Courtesy Christopher Davis, GBCI

1870Thayer Hall, Harvard University

Cambridge, MA

LEED EBOM 2008 - Silver

1869Pittsburgh Opera (Westinghouse Air Brake Company)

Pittsburgh, PA

LEED EBOM 2008 - Silver

1864Barton Group Headquarters

Glens Falls, NY

LEED NCv2.2 - Platinum

1856New York State Executive Mansion

Albany, NY

LEED EBv2.0 - Gold

1842U.S. Treasury Building

Washington, DC

LEED EBv2.0 Gold

Other Rating Systems

SUSTAINABILITY & PRESERVATIONPOLICIES

Green Building Initiatives

SeattlePortland, OR

Minneapolis, MN

Washington, DC

US Department of Agriculture

Montgomery County, MD

Chicago, IL

Nashville, TN

New York, NY

Pennsylvania Public School Districts

Tybee Island, GA

Massachusetts

San Jose, CA

Colorado

General Services Administration

Scottsdale, AZ

Honolulu, HI

WisconsinWashington State

Austin, TX

THE GREEN STANDARD OF 2004 CHICAGO, ILAll new city-funded construction and major renovation projects MUST earn LEED certification.

THE GREEN PERMIT PROGRAM CHICAGO, ILOffering expedited permitting for projects that incorporate innovative green building strategies, including LEED certification.

A CITY TAKES ON GREEN ROOFS - 2000Chicago City Hall & 200 other roofs

Chicago City Hall Green Roof, 2002

THE GREEN BUILDING ACT OF 2006WASHINGTON, DCRequires LEED compliance with municipal and private projects over 50,000 sq ft.

INTERNATIONAL GREEN CONSTRUCTION CODEThe New Code Can Be Ordered Now

Pioneer Courthouse, Portland, OR

SAN FRANCISCO GREEN BUILDING ORDINANCE – 2008Points for LEED or “Greenpoint” System

PlaNYC, NYC’s SUSTAINABILITY AGENDA: 2008, updated 2011http://www.nyc.gov/html/planyc2030/html/home/home.shtml

PlaNYC, NYC’s SUSTAINABILITY AGENDACreate a handbook for energy efficiency strategies for historic buildings

BENCHMARKING, PART OF NYC’s SUSTAINABILITY AGENDAUse the EPA’s Portfolio Manager to track energy use in buildings over 50,000 sq. ft.

BUFFALO GREEN BUILDING CODEZoning Buffalo for the 21st Century

• Focus on Placemaking• Transform Buildings• Advance Downtown• Capitalize on Canada- US Trade• Keep $ in Buffalo Neighborhoods

43Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

New solutions are needed for smaller, older buildings to meet aggressive carbon reduction mandates

73% of our existing commercial buildings are less than 10,000 square feet

Smaller, older buildings are uniquely challenged – both physically and financially - to meet aggressive carbon reduction goals

Buildings in Denver’s Historic DistrictPhoto by Wally Gobetz

US Energy Information Administration, 2003

Slides Courtesy Patrice Frey, National Trust

Case Study Buildings

Single Family Residential

MultifamilyResidential

Urban VillageMixed Use

Commercial Office Building

ElementarySchools

Test Conditions

Portland

Phoenix

Chicago

Atlanta

Climate Regions

Building reuse typically offers greater environmental savings than demolition and new construction.

It can take between 10 to 80 years for a new energy efficient building to overcome, through efficient operations, the climate change impacts created by its construction.

The majority of building types in different climates will take between 20-30 years to compensate for the initial carbon impacts from construction

Reuse Matters

The environmental benefits of reuse are maximized by minimizing the input of new construction materials.

Renovation projects that require many new materials can reduce or even negate the benefits of reuse.

For more information….

Patrice_Frey@savingplaces.org www.preservationnation.org

Design Matters

PRESERVATION GREEN LAB’S LATEST RESEARCH….

SUSTAINABILITY & PRESERVATIONPROJECTS

Reuse, Reinvest, Respect, Retrofit

THE NATIONAL TRUST’S FIRST LEED CERTIFIED PROJECT

The VEC – 44 Points Makes it a LEED GOLD, 2009

THE NATIONAL TRUST’S FIRST LEED CERTIFIED PROJECT – LEED NC 2.2

INNOVATION & DESIGN PROCESS – All 5

http://www.lincolncottage.org/visit/ecotour.htm

Going Green at Historic Sites

BEST PRACTICES

February 2010

Applying Policies andBest Practices to National Trust Historic Sites

http://barbaracampagna.com/best-practices-manual/

BEST PRACTICESFebruary 2010

Section on Green Housekeeping & Sustainable Practices

GREEN HOUSEKEEPING

Lyndhurst, Tarrytown, NY

SUSTAINABILITY MASTER PLAN

Kykuit, Tarrytown, NY

Going Green at Historic SitesRETHINKING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

Villa Finale, San Antonio, TX

RETHINKING CULTURAL LANDSCAPES

Villa Finale, San Antonio, TX Compost Pile and Bat House

Making the Case for HISTORIC WINDOWS

Restored Wood Windows at Shadows-on-the-Teche

HUMIDITY, LEED & MUNICIPAL SEWERSHow To Go Green When You Can’t Meet a Prerequisite

Cliveden, Philadelphia, PA

Cliveden - Passive Approaches for Improved Environmental Control

• Separate humans from collections– Relocate offices out of the Main House– Relocate collections storage out of the Main

• Improve envelope performance– Reduce water penetration and humidity at

basement– Reduce air infiltration– Insulate and seal attic

• Replace attic insulation

• Refurbish site drainage to reduce water penetration at basement

Cliveden - Low Tech Improvements

Cliveden - New HVAC System

• Replace gas-fired boiler in Wash House

• Replace basement air handler

• Control heat by humidistat--maintain winter humidity levels above 25%, with steam humidifier back-up

• Cooling coil at the air handler to maintain summer humidity level below 70%

• Air circulation from basement to attic w/ returns in new air shafts and lined chimneys

• New chiller behind Wash House sized for future air conditioning in tenant spaces

Cliveden - New HVAC System

CAN MODERN GO GREEN?How to Green a Campus of Modern Buildings

The Brick House, Philip Johnson’s Glass House, New Canaan, CT

CAN MODERN GO GREEN?How to Green a Campus of Modern Buildings

The Brick House, Philip Johnson’s Glass House, New Canaan, CT

RESTORING THE BRICK HOUSEA Sound Preservation Methodology

Greening Historic Buildings With LEED EB

Rethinking a Painted Lady in San Francisco

Why Would an 1886 House Museum Care About LEED?

Sustainability Goals

1. The Haas-Lilienthal House is a symbol of San Francisco Architectural Heritage and “Heritage” would like to expand this symbol of the organization to act as a model of sustainable preservation.

2. “Heritage” intends to “green” the Haas-Lilienthal House to improve the resource use of the site, broaden the audience of the organization and to prove the relevance that a house museum can continue to have in our culture.

Sustainability Goals

Assess

• Analyze current physical assets

• Determine areas for improvement

• Set realistic goals• Establish measurable

objectives• Select LEED strategies

SCHEDULED PROJECTS

Window Repairs

Source: Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey, 2003U.S. Department of Energy

Two-Day Eco-Charrette

Greening the Haas-Lilienthal House

August 2011

Sustainability Management PlanThe Greening Plan®

http://barbaracampagna.com/haas-lilienthal-house/

1. Utilize roofs and porches with wide roof overhangs to manage heating and cooling

2. Use interior pocket doors to compartmentalize spaces and control heating and cooling.

Leverage Original Character-Defining

Features

1. Determine Which Capital Improvements Will Be Undertaken and Whether Construction Will Be Phased.

2. Conduct an Energy Audit.

3. Develop a Weatherization Program.

4. Develop a Green Housekeeping Program.

Sustainability Management Plan

Strategy

5. Initiate a comprehensive maintenance and operations program

using LEED EB:O&M.

6. Conduct a Major

Rehabilitation.

7. Stretch Goals to Net Zero.

Sustainability Management Plan

Strategy

Select LEED Strategies

Lee H. Nelson Hall, NCPTT Headquarters, Natchitoches, LA

Sustainability Management PlanThe Greening Plan®

CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDITMeeting ASHRAE Level 1 Energy Audit with a Whole Building Blower Door Test

CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDITLooking for Energy Loss with the Infrared Camera

CONDUCTING THE ENERGY AUDITSample Image of Energy Loss Viewed Thru the Infrared Camera

EVALUATING THE ENERGY AUDITTwelve split systems with no real humidity control using most of the energy

SETTING GOALS AND STRATEGIESTwo Eco-Charrettes to Develop the goals, programs and strategies

EVALUATING THE ENERGY AUDITIdentifying the “low hanging fruit”

EVALUATING THE SITE AND DRAINAGE What Can NCPTT Change and What is under the University’s Control?

GOING GREEN IN EXTREME WEATHERAdapting a Historic Orphanage for a Leadership School Using LEED for Schools 2009

Jesse Lee Home, Seward, Alaska

AREA: Non-Residential Buildings

10,000

12,000

14,000

1919 orBefore

1920 to1945

1946 to1959

1960 to 1969

1970 to1979

1980 to1989

1990 to1999

2000 to2003

Construction Decade

“Historic” Buildings

Commercial Building InventoryDepartment of Energy

10,640 Million SF16 %

10,000

12,000

14,000

1919 orBefore

1920 to1945

1946 to1959

1960 to 1969

1970 to1979

1980 to1989

1990 to1999

2000 to2003

Construction Decade

Modern-Era Buildings

36,250 Million SF55 %

10,000

12,000

14,000

1919 orBefore

1920 to1945

1946 to1959

1960 to 1969

1970 to1979

1980 to1989

1990 to1999

2000 to2003

Construction Decade

LEED Buildings

3,200 Million SF5 %

1,283 Certified / 9,867 Registered

SOME CHALLENGES:Climate Change & Historic Sites

Farnsworth House, Plano, IL Flash Flood August 24, 2007

Climate Change & Historic Sites

Farnsworth House, Plano, IL Flash Flood August 24, 2007

Farnsworth House, Plano, IL Flash Flood September 2007

Farnsworth House, Plano, IL Flash Flood September 2008

SPRAWL vs. Historic Preservation…

Promotes reinvestment in existing Neighborhoods, but NOT with McMansions and Teardowns.

CHALLENGES – ATTACKS ON MODERNUsing Data to Attack Whole Building Types

CHALLENGES – AUTHENTICITYDo We Have to Restore Experimental Materials & Assemblies?

Lever House built 1952, listed on NR in 1983,SOM, New York, NY

Philip Johnson Glass House, New Canaan, CT,1949, National Historic Landmark

ADAPTING A 1965 HISTORIC TOWERThe Tishman Building

RETHINKING PRESERVATION – OR…

Midcentury Modern House, San Antonio, TX

OR IS IT JUST EXPANDING WHAT WE CARE ABOUT?

Midcentury Modern House, San Antonio, TX

CHALLENGES – UNATTRACTIVE TO MANYHow To Convince the Public that Brutalism is Worthy of Saving?

Boston City Hall

The Christman BuildingLansing, Michigan

The FirstTriple PlatinumProject:Core & Shell, CommercialInteriors& EB:O&M

Tax Act ProjectNew Market TaxProjectBrownfield

The Empire State Building – LEED Gold EB: O&M, 54 Points

A FOLK LANDMARK

The Beer Can House, Houston, TX

The Richardson Olmsted Complex this past winter, Buffalo, NY

TO A National Historic LandmarkRichardson Olmsted Complex

GSA’s First LEED Platinum BuildingThe Hipolito Garcia Federal Building & Courthouse in San Antonio NC 2.1 - 54/69 pts.

BY 2030 50% OF ALL BUILDINGS WILL HAVE BEEN ERECTED AFTER 2000: 82 billion sq. ft. demolished – Brookings Institute, 2004

The Menil Collection, Houston, TX by Renzo Piano

WE CAN’T BUILD OUR WAY OUT OF CLIMATE CHANGE….

Clos Pegase Winery, Calistoga, Napa, CA Michael Graves, Architect

WE ALSO CAN’T FREEZE OUR WAY OUT OF IT….

The Governor’s Palace, Colonial Williamsburg, VA

IT’S ALL ABOUT

CHOICE & BALANCE

Iron Spring, Manitou Springs, CO

EVERY BUILDING MAKES A DIFFERENCE…..

California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA , Renzo Piano

EVERY BUILDING MAKES A DIFFERENCE…..

Haas-Lilienthal House Museum, San Francisco, CA

My goal is that one day we won’t make a distinction between preservation and sustainability.

Seattle Central Library, Rem Koolhaas, Opening Day, May

2004 with the historic Nakamura Courthouse

behind it – both have been applauded as sustainable

projects

We will just call it good architecture.

SPREAD THE WORDTrue Green Cities

http://barbaracampagna.com/blog

SPREAD THE WORDUBM’s Future Cities

www.ubmfuturecities.com

THANK YOU, AIA HOUSTON!!

Chapel of St. Basil, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX by Philip Johnson

bcampagna@bcampagna.comhttp://barbaracampagna.com/blog

Twitter: @bcampagna

This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course

Greening What's Already Here

Business