Group 19Module 2

Ethan Kaufman, Yemi Olubowale, Abhinav Uppal, Divya Vedula

Article:

Predator Transitory Spillover Induces Trophic Cascades in Ecological Sinks

By Casini et al.

The scope of the presentation focuses on events from 1977-1988

Gulf of Riga

(Figure From: www.Ikzm-d .de)

Outline A. Trophic Levels

Predator- Prey Relationships

B. Source-Sink Dynamics

C. Trophic Cascades

Top Down Regulation-Indirect Mutualism

Density Dependence

Trophic Levels (GoR)

Cod

Herring

Zooplankton

Phytoplankton

(Adapted From Casini et al.)

SUNLIGHT

(Figure From: www.lmvp.org)

TROPHIC

CASCADES

The Idea

Saving water

Spillover

Wasted

cod biomass

Overfishing, adverse conditions

Collapse in Baltic Disappear from GoR

High salinity,

O2

Contraction

Mid 1970s Early 80s mid 80s --

Cod Distribution

MB = Main BasinGoR = Gulf of Riga

(Figure adapted from Cassini et al.)

Data from a fishery (GoR)

(Figure from Cassini et al.)

Population

BirthImmigration

Death Emigration

Density Dependent Population Schematic

Population

BirthImmigration

Death Emigration

Population

BirthImmigration

Death Emigration

Population

BirthImmigration

Death Emigration

Cod

Zooplankton

Herring

Phytoplankton

Body Size

Increases(early 1980s)

(Adapted From Cassini et al.)

Everything follows the leading horse

www.petwildanimalswallpapers.blogspot.com

Works Cited• Abesamis RA, Russ GR (2005) Density-dependent spillover from

marine reserves: Longterm evidence. Ecol Appl 15:1798–1812.• Casini, Michele, Thorsten Blenckner, Christian Mollmann, Anna

Gardmark, Martin Lindegren, Marcos Llope, Georgs Kornilovs, Maris Plikshs, and Nils Christian Stenseth. "Predator Transitory Spillover Induces Trophic Cascades in Ecological Sinks. " Http://www.pnas.org/content/109/21/8185.full.pdf+html. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, 13 Apr. 2012. Web. 03 Oct. 2012.

• Freeman, Scott. Biological Science. 4th ed. San Fransicso, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2011. Print.