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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
GSM Frequency Planning
Page2Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
5. Concentric Cell Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page3Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Frequency Planning Basic
1.1 Frequency Resource of GSM System
1.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse
1.3 Reuse Density
1.4 C/I Ratio
Page4Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
P-GSM 900 :
DCS 1800 :
1710 1785 1805 1880
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
890 915 935 960
Duplex distance : 45 MHz
Frequency Resource of GSM System
Page5Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Frequency Resource of GSM SystemFrequency
Spectrum
Range
(MHz)
Uplink
Frequency ValueARFCN
Downlink
Frequency
Value
P-GSM900890~915
935~960Fu(n)=890+0.2n 1≦n ≦ 124 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
E-GSM900880~915
925~960
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024)
0 ≦ n ≦ 124
975 ≦ n ≦ 1023Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
R-GSM900876~915
921~960
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024)
0 ≦ n ≦ 124
955 ≦ n ≦ 1023Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
DCS1800
1710~1785
1805~1880Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 885 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
PCS1900 1850~1910
1930~1990Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
Page6Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
{fi,fj..fk}
{fi,fj..fk} {fi,fj..fk} {fi,fj..fk}.. ..
Macro-cell system
d
Micro-cell system
Concept of Frequency Reuse
Page7Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of Frequency Reuse
Frequency resource is limited. If there is 8MHz
frequency resource, 8 MHz = 40 channels × 8
timeslots = 320
Max. 320 users can access the network at the same
time.
If every frequency is reused N times
Max. 320×N uses can access the network at the same
time.
Page8Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
The spectrum utilization ratio can be expressed by frequency reuse density (freuse), which reveals the tightness of the frequency reuse and c
an be expressed by the following equation
NARFCN is the total number of the available channel numbers,
NTRX is the number of TRXs configured for the cell.
Reuse Density
TRX
ARFCNreuse N
Nf
Page9Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Question
(1) Frequency bandwidth is 12MHZ, if frequency reuse
density is 4x3,each cell has how many TRX?
(2) Frequency bandwidth is 6MHZ, if frequency reuse
density is 2x3,each cell has how many TRX?
Page10Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Looser reuse
Higher frequency reuse efficiency,
but interference is serious.
More technique is needed.
Tighter reuse
0 12 20
Little interference,
but frequency reuse efficiency is low.
Reuse Density Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse cluster.
For the n x m frequency reuse pattern,
n: The number of BTSs in the reuse clusters m: The number of the cells under each BTS.
mnfreuse
Page11Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
4×3 Frequency Reuse
A1C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
A1
C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
A1C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3A1
C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
A1C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
A1C1
B1
D1A2
A3B2
B3
C2
C3D2
D3
Page12Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Requirement for C/I Ratio
All useful signals CarrierAll useless signals Interference=
Useful signal Noise from environment
Other signals
C/I =
Page13Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Requirement for C/I Ratio
Interference C/I
C/I in Actual Project
(3 dB margin is
needed )
Co-channel ≥ 9dB ≥ 12dB
Adjacent-channel ≥- 9dB ≥- 6dB
Carrier offset reaches 400
KHz
≥- 41dB
Page14Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Exercise
Cell A fre 5
Cell C fre 4
Cell D fre 3Cell B fre 5 ?dB<
?dB<
?dB<
-70dB
Page15Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page16Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Hereunder are several assumptions
The available bandwidth is 10MHz. The channel number is 45~94
BCCH 81~94 (14 channel numbers in total, 81~82 are
reserved)
The other channel numbers are allocated to TCH
So the maximum base station configuration is S4/4/4, and the
frequency reuse density is 12.5 (50/4 = 12.5)
Frequency group number
A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3
Channel Number of Each
Frequency Group
94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83
80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69
68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57
56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45
Page17Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Conclusion The 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is a basic technology applied in frequency
planning. Which must be applied to the BCCH in frequency aggressive reuse technologies
If the network capacity needs to be further expanded, the following measures can be taken:
Split a cell into smaller cells.
Utilize new frequency resources. For example, you can establish a DSC 1800MHz network.
Under the current 900MHz network, use more tight frequency reuse technology to expand the network capacity.
At present, the tight frequency reuse technology works as the most economical and convenient way to expand the network capacity, so it is also the most popular with carriers.
The typical frequency reuse technology includes 3 x 3, 2 x 6, 2 x 3, 1 x 3, and 1 x 1.
Page18Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page19Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
1 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern 1 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is also called f
ractional reuse. For 1 x 3 or 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern, th
e reuse distance is quite small, so the interference in the network is quite great. Therefore, to avoid frequency collision, you must use RF hopping technology and set the parameters, including MA (mobile allocation), HSN (hopping sequence number), and MAIO (mobile allocation index offset). The ratio of number of the TRXs to that of the available frequency hopping is FR LOAD (generally, it is smaller than 50%).
A1 A2
A3
A1 A2
A3
A1 A2
A3
A1 A2
A3
Page20Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of 1 x 3 Frequency Reuse If the available bandwidth is 10MHz ,the channel numbers are 45~94
For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 81~94, frequency reuse pattern is 4×3
For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 45~80, frequency reuse pattern is 1×3
Because FR LOAD 1 to 2, if the bandwidth is 10MHz, the maximum base station type can be configured as S7/7/7. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.14
Frequency group number Channel number MAIO
A 80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47 0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10
B 79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 58, 55, 52,49, 46 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
C 78, 75, 72, 69, 66, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51, 48, 45 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
space grouping
Frequency group number Channel number MAIO
A 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73,72, 71, 70, 69 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
B 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
C 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
sequence grouping
Page21Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of 1×3 Frequency Reuse Suppose 900 band: 96 ~ 124 BTS configuration: S3/3/3 BCCH layer: 96 ~ 109 reuse pattern: 4×3 TCH layer: 110 ~ 124 reuse pattern: 1×3
Page22Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme
MAIO
CELL1(MA
1)
110 111 112 113 114 0,2
CELL2(MA
2)
115 116 117 118 119 0,2
CELL3(MA
3)
120 121 122 123 124 0,2
MA1
MA2 MA3
Cell1
Cell2Cell3
MA1
MA2 MA3
Cell1
Cell2Cell3
MA1
MA2 MA3
Cell1
Cell2Cell3
(110,112)
(110,112)
(110,112)
(115,117)
(115,117)
(115,117)
(120,122)
(120,122)
(120,122)
Page23Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
TCH Interval Allocation Scheme
MAIO
CELL1(MA1
)
110 113 116 119 122 0,1
CELL2(MA2
)
111 114 117 120 123 2,3
CELL3(MA3
)
112 115 118 121 124 4,0
MA1
MA2 MA3
Cell1
Cell2Cell3
MA1
MA2 MA3
Cell1
Cell2Cell3
MA1
MA2 MA3
Cell1
Cell2Cell3
(110,113) (110,113)
(110,113)
(117,120) (117,120)
(117,120)
(124,112) (124,112)
(124,112)
Page24Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Characteristics of the 1 x 3 The frequencies are more tightly reused, so the network capacity is great. When planning a network, only need to plan BCCH, while it’s unnecessary to r
e-plan frequencies. So the efficiency for network planning is high. Wideband combiner must be used, but the cavity combiner with frequency sele
ctivity is inapplicable. Co-channel and neighbor channel interference increases as the frequency reus
e distance decreases. RF hopping must be used, and the channel numbers participating frequency ho
pping is twice that of the number of carriers at least. In actual conditions, BCCH cannot take measures, such as RF hopping, DTX, an
d power control, therefore, in order to ensure network quality, BCCH can only use the looser 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
Page25Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of 1 x 1 Frequency Reuse One cell of one base station forms a frequency reuse cluster
If the available bandwidth is 6MHz ,the channel numbers are 96~124
For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 111~124, frequency reuse pattern is 4×3
For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 96~110, frequency reuse pattern is 1×1
the maximum base station type can be configured as S4/3/3 under 1 x 1 frequency
reuse pattern. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.25/9.67/9.67, so the
average value is 8.86.
Therefore, the maximum base station configuration under 1 x 1 frequency reuse
pattern is the same as that under 1 x 3 frequency reuse space grouping pattern, so is
the network capacity.
Frequency group number Channel number MAIO
A 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 0,2,4
B 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 6,8
C 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 10,12
Page26Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
BCCH14+TCH36 :
1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+3TCH 1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+12TCH 1BCCH+12TCH
4×3
1×3
1×3 and 1×1
1BCCH+TCH
1BCCH+36TCH 1BCCH+36TCH
1×1
Page27Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
The red items are BCCH RCs
Illustration of 1×3 or 1×1
Page28Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page29Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Conception of MRP Technology
According to multiple reuse pattern (MRP), the
carriers are divided into several groups.
The carries in each group work as an independent
layer, and each layer uses a different frequency
reuse pattern.
During frequency planning, configure the carriers
layer by layer, with reuse density increases layer by
layer, as shown in the next slide.
Page30Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Conception of MRP Technology
Page31Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied: Supposing there are 300 cells Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
Normal 4×3 reuse: reuse density=12 Network capacity = (40/12)×300 = 1000 TRX
Multiple reuse: BCCH layer: re-use =12, (14 frq.) Normal TCH layer: re-use =10, (20 frq.) Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6, (6 frq.) Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)×300 = 1200 TRX
Example of MRP
Page32Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of MRP Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
Supposing there are 300 cells Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
Normal 4×3 reuse: reuse density=12 Network capacity = (40/12)×300 = 1000 TRX
Multiple reuse: BCCH layer: reuse density=12, (14 frequency) Normal TCH layer: reuse density=10, (20 frequency) Aggressive TCH layer: reuse density= 6, (6 frequency) Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)×300 = 1200 TRX
Page33Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page34Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology In the GSM network, concentric cell technology is used to divide
the service area into two parts: overlaid and underlaid.
Essentially, the concentric cell technology concerns channel allocation and handover, but when combining this technology with various frequency planning technologies, both expand network capacity can be improved network quality.
Overlaid-cell
Underlaid-cell
Page35Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Overlaid/Underlaid Frequency Configuration
Super fn
Regular fm Regular fm Regular fm
Super fn
BCCH 15f Regular 24f Super 12f
BCCH TRX reuse density: 12
Regular TCH TRX reuse density: 12
Super TCH TRX reuse density: 6
Super fn
Page36Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology Generally, 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is used for the
underlaid. For overlaid, the frequency reuse patterns, such as 3
x 3, 2 x 3, or 1 x 3, are used. Therefore, all carriers can be
divided into two groups, one for underlaid, and the other one for
overlaid.
Underlaid Overlaid
Page37Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page38Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Contents
6. Frequency Hopping
6.1 Classification of hopping
6.2 Advantages of hopping
6.3 Parameter of hopping
6.4 Collocation of hopping data
Page39Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Frequency Hopping
Page40Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Advantages of Hopping
Get an agreeable radio environment.
Provide a similar communication quality for every
user.
Tighter reuse patterns are possible to be used for
larger capacity.
Page41Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Smoothen the rapid fading (Rayleigh fading)
Frequency Diversity of Hopping
Page42Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Smoothen and average the interference
Interference Diversity of Hopping
Page43Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Classification of Hopping
According to implementation mode Base-band hopping RF hopping
According to the minimum hopping time unit Timeslot hopping Frame hopping
Page44Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Base Band Hopping Principle
FH bus
Page45Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Base Band Hopping Principle BCCH carrier attends hopping, on which TS0 can not attend hopping
No
HoppingTRX0
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7 ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier)
15(TCH carrier)
20(TCH carrier)
MA={5,10,15,20}MA={10,15,20}
Page46Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Base Band Hopping Principle
BCCH carrier does not attends hopping
TRX0
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7
MA={10,15,20}
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier)
15(TCH carrier)
20(TCH carrier)
No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping
Page47Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
RF Hopping Principle
Page48Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
RF Hopping Principle
BCCH carrier does not attends hopping
TRX0
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7
No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping
MA={10,15,20}
MA={10,15,20}
MA={10,15,20}
(BCCH carrier)
(TCH carrier)
Page49Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Classification of Hopping
Frame hopping
Frequency changes every TDMA frame.
The different channel of one TRX uses the same MAIO.
Timeslot hopping
Frequency changes every timeslot.
The different channel of one TRX uses the different
MAIO.
Page50Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Frame Hopping
f 0
Frame 0
f 1
f 2
f 3
f 4
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 ……
One TRX (none BCCH carrier) hopping on 5 frequencies
•RF hopping and baseband hopping without BCCH carrier
Page51Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Timeslot Hopping
f 0
Frame 0
f 1
f 2
f 3
f 4
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 ……
•5 timeslots on 1 TRX hopping on 5 frequencies
Page52Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hopping Parameters
All the parameters which are related to hopping
are configured in Cell Attributes/Frequency
Hopping.
Hopping mode: the mode used by the BTS
system
No hopping
Base band hopping
RF hopping
Page53Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hopping Parameters
HSN : Hopping Sequence Number ( 0 ~ 63 ) HSN=0 : cycle hopping. HSN≠0 : random hopping. Every sequence number corre
sponds a pseudo random sequence.
Page54Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hopping Parameters MA (Mobile Allocation Set):
MA is the set of available RF bands when hopping, containing at most 64
frequency carriers. The frequency being used must be those of the available
frequency
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset)
MAIO is used to define the initial frequency of the hopping.
Be careful to configure the MAIO of same timeslot in all channels, otherwise
interference occurs.
MAI (Mobile Allocation Index)
At the air interface, the frequency used on a specific burst is an element in MA
set. MAI is used for indication, referring to a specific element in the MA set.
MAI is the function of TDMA FN, HSN and MAIO.
Page55Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of MAIO
No
Hopping
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
0
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
2
1
3
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
2
TRX0
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7 ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier)
15(TCH carrier)
20(TCH carrier)
MA2={5,10,15,20}MA1={10,15,20}
MAIO 0 1 2 MAIO 0 1 2 3
MAIO MAI
Page56Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of MAIO
No
Hopping
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
0
1
1
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
1
1
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
2
1
3
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
0
2
1
2
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
0
3
2
3
3
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
0
3
1
3
3
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
TRX0
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7 ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier)
15(TCH carrier)
20(TCH carrier)
MA2={5,10,15,20}
MA1={10,15,20}
MA3={510,515,520,525}
510(TCH carrier)
515(TCH carrier)
520(TCH carrier)
525(TCH carrier)
TRX4
TRX5
TRX6
TRX7
Page57Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of MAIO
5
Frame 0
10
15
20
25
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 ……
MA={5,10,15,20,25}
• 5 TRXs separately belongs to the same MA hopping on 5 frequencies, and uses same HSNs
Page58Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of Hopping Parameters
f 0
Frame 0
f 1
f 2
f 3
f 4
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 ……
• 8 timeslots of 1 TRX separately belongs to different MAs hopping on 5 frequencies, and uses different HSNs.
Page59Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Example of Hopping Parameters
f 0
Frame 0
f 1
f 2
f 3
f 4
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 ……
• 5 TRXs separately belongs to different MAs hopping on 5 frequencies, and uses different HSNs
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