HAND AND POWER TO

OLS

UNIT 11

A M B E R HE N D E R S O N

OBJECTIVES1.) Identify the key terms for the unit.

2.) Identify common hand and power tools used in agricultural mechanics.

3.) Select hand tools needed for a particular job.

4.) Determine the cost of acquiring each tool.

TERMS Blade Balance- a device used to balance a lawn mower blade to

prevent excess vibration during operation. Board Foot- Circular Saw- a motor- driven power hand saw with round

blade. Circular Saw- a motor- driven power hand saw with round blade. Common Nail- A kind of nail with a flat head that is used in general

construction. Concave Bevel- a bevel, which is hollowed or curved inward. Convex Bevel- A bevel which is raised or curved outward Crosscut- to cut across the grain of wood Crosscut Hand Saw- A saw with small teeth (more teeth per inch) for

cutting across the grain of wood. Dado- A square or rectangular groove in the face of the board

TERMSDouble Inclined Plane- A plane made by two bevels creating a point similar to that of an

axeFinishing Nail- A slender nail with a small head used for interior trim work High Speed Drill- Twist drill made tempered specially to drill holes in steel Hollow Ground- A single inclined plane which is concave ground Hone- the process of finely sharpening a cutting edge with a bench stone or hand stone Kerf- Opening in board made by the cutting of a saw blade; also referred to as saw kerf Kickback- A safety hazard that results when a saw blade binds in the material being cut

resulting in uncontrollable throwing of the material or saw Rabbet- A cut or groove at the end of a board made to receive another board and form a

joint

TERMS Rip- To cut along the grain of wood Rip Hand Saw- A saw with larger teeth (fewer teeth per

inch) for cutting with the grain of wood Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)- the number of times a

rotating shaft or blade turns or rotates in sixty (60) seconds Single Incline Plane- A type of bevel with one edge; used

on wood chisels and plane irons Twist Drill- Common drill bit used for making round holes

in wood and metal

Carpenter Hammer

Used to drive or pull nails

Can have either a curved or straight claw

HAMMERS ($5-$60)

Machinist HammerUsed to work with metal or around machinery

Distiguished by a variable- shaped peen

Ball peen hammers are made in different weights usually 4,6,8, and 12 ounces and 1, 1 ½, and 2 pounds.

HAMMERS

Open-end• Solid, adjustable

wrench with openings in one or both ends

• Usually come in sets ranging for 5/16’’ to 1 inch.

• Handles are usually straight but may be curved.

WRENCHES ($20-$300)

Box Wrench• Less likely to slip

off the work.• Most likely to

have 12 points 6-8 points used for heavy 12 points used for medium 16 points used for light duty

• Disadvantage of this wrench is loss of time

WRENCHES

Combination Wrench

• Has both an open- end and a box end.

WRENCH

Adjustable open-end wrench

• An open- end wrench with an adjustable opening.

• Can fit variety of different sized nuts and bolts

WRENCH

Pipe Wrench

• An adjustable wrench with curved jaws used to grip pipe or round stock.

• Come in variety of different sizes.

WRENCH

Socket Wrench• Cylindrical wrench attached to

a breaker bar, ratchet, or air wrench.

• Offers secure fast and speedy operation.

• Sized by the millimeter or by inches and fractions of an inch

• Sets come in different sizes based on the size of the driver.

a. Common sizes: ¼”, ½”, ¾”, and 1”.

WRENCH

Philips Screwdriver

1. Named after Henry F. Phillips

2. Used with the most popular screw, which is referred to as a Philips screw.

SCREWDRIVER ($5- $20)

Ratchet off-set screwdriver

Manual screwdriver that has a ratcheting action.

SCREWDRIVER

Standard screwdriver

1. Also known as a “flat head”

2. Has a single blade

SCREWDRIVER

Measure in Inches or Centimeters

Used for wood work or metal work

RULERS/ TAPES ($10-$30)

Carpenter’s Square1. Usually 12 in X 8

in, 24 in X 16 in, or 24 inX 18 in.

2. Flat sides of the blade and the tonged are graduated in inches and fractions of an inch

3. Used for laying out and squaring up large patterns

SQUARES ($10-$30)

Try Square1. Consists of two

parts at the right angles to each other

SQUARES

Sliding T Bevel1. Adjustable with a

slotted beveled blade

2. Primary use is laying out angles other than right angles 

SQUARE

Combination Square1. Is equipped with

moveable heads called square head, protractor head, and center head.

SQUARE

Cross cut1. This saw has a steel blade

with a handle at one end2. The blade is narrower at the

end opposite the handle3. The major difference between

ripsaw and crosscut is the shape of the teeth.

Back saw4. Is a crosscut saw designed for

sawing a perfectly straight line

 Key hold saw

5. Has a long narrow, tapering ripsaw, used to cut from the bored hold

HAND SAW ($10-$20)

Cold chisels1. Tools that can be used

for chipping or cutting metal or wood

2. They only cut metal that is softer than the metal they are made of

3. Classified according to the shape of their heads and the width of the cutting edge

4. Match hammer to the chisel

CHISELS ($10-$20)

Wood Chisels1. Used with wood

working jobs

CHISELS

1. Files are graded according to their degree of fineness and whether they have single or double- cut teeth.

2. Files remove small amount of metal, plastic, or wood.

3. Used for tooth sharpening

4. Files come in different shapes

FILES ($5- $20)

1. Made in many styles and sizes

2. Used for cutting purposes as well as holding and gripping small articles.

3. Major types:1. Slip- joint2. Vice grip3. Water pump4. Slide cutter5. Diagonal pliers6. Needle- nose

pliers

PLIERS ($14-$30)

1. The hand drill is used to drill holes into different material.

2. Made in various sizes and vary in power from light to heavy and in speeds from slow to fast.

HAND DRILL ($100-$500)

• Used to sand down wood and other material for finishing purposes.

BELT SANDER ($50-$200)

1. Used for cutting, grinding, and polishing

2. Used for removal of excess material from a job or cutting into.

GRINDER ($30-$150)

1. Can be used for crosscutting, ripping, mitering, beveling, chamfering, rabbeting, cove cutting, tapering, shaping, and molding cutting.

2. Used in situations where the work cannot be moved to the shop or in a shop where table saws are not available.

3. Circular saws come in a variety of blade sizes ranging from 6 1/4” to 8 ½”.

PORTABLE CIRCULAR SAW ($200- $400)

1. A tool used for cutting arbitrary curves into wood, metal, or other material.

2. Used for artistic fashion than other saws.

JIG SAW ($30-$200)

1. Used to cut hard materials, such as metals

2. Typically 14 inch in diameter and 7/64 inch thick.

CHOP SAW ($200- $900)

1. Is a fixed drill that may be mounted on a stand or bolted to the floor.

2. Can be used for drilling holes, sanding, honing, and polishing

DRILL PRESS ($40-$400)

1. Woodworking tool consisting of a circular saw blade.

2. The higher the blade protrudes above the table the deeper the cut that is made into the wood.

TABLE SAW ($200-$700)

1. Cutting machine consisting of a circular saw mounted on a sliding horizontal arm

2. Used for making length cuts and can be configured with a dado blade to create cuts for dado, rabbet, and half lap joints

RADIAL ARM SAW ($200- $600)

1. Has a rotating vertical pivot allowing the cutter head and blade to be tilted sideways in addition to the horizontal rotation table.

2. It allows vertical and horizontal angled cuts as well as cuts angled in both planes.

COMPOUND MITER ($200-$600)

1. Blade consists of continuous band of metal with teeth along one edge to cut various workspaces.

2. Used for woodworking, metalworking, or for cutting variety of other materials.

3. Useful for cutting irregular or curved shapes but also cut straight cuts as well.

BAND SAW ($120- $500)

1. Used for both welding and cutting metal.

2. Has two cylinders- Oxygen and Acetylene

OXY- ACETYLENE ($200- $5000)

1. The wire acts as an electrode and is also the source of the filler metal

2. Combines an inert gas shielding with a continuously fed consumable wire electrode.

3. Fast, portable, vertical process

MIG WELDER ($200- $5000)

1. Used to join pieces of metal together

2. The arc is formed between the actual work and an electrode (stick or wire) that is manually or mechanically guided along the joint.

ARC WELDER ($200- $5000)

1.Used to cut steel and other metals of different thickness.

2. Uses a plasma torch

3. An inert gas is blown at high speed out of a nozzle; an electrical arc is formed through the gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut turning some of the gas to plasma.

PLASMA CUTTER ($1000)