HANDICAPPresenter: JULIUS KALESHUKHILNA RANADAVID .N. MANYAMAYVONNE R HARIDASFacilitator: PROFESSOR MASALAKULAGWA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………II. DEFINITIONS………………………………………………...III. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES………………………………………IV. GENERAL OBJECTIVES……………………………………..V. SUMMARY……………………………………………………VI. RECOMMENDATION………………………………………..VII. CONCLUSION……………………………………………….VIII. REFERENCES………………………………………………..

: INTRODUCTION

In this topic we are going to discuss about the general concept of handicap or disabilities, causes of disabilities, types of disabilities, rights of person with disabilities, provisional cares for disabilities rehabilitations for disabilities finally we will give viewpoints in summary, conclusion and recommendations.

As disability has touched many families in our society we are kindly asking for your maximum attention to the topic

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this presentation everyone should understand the following viewpoints:

General concept of handicap Causes of handicap Types of handicap Rights of person with handicap Provision cares for handicap Rehabilitations for handicap

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Handicap refers to anything that makes life harder for an individual or handicap is the social disadvantage consequent upon impairment and disability example in ability to work or fulfill the role of the parents.

Health refers to the state of complete physical, mental or social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Cont…

Emotion describes a mental state or feeling such as fear, hate, love, anger, grief, or joy arising as a subjective experience rather than as a conscious thought.

Rehabilitation describes the process of treatment and education that help disabled individuals to attain maximum functions, a sense of well-being and a personally satisfying level of independence.

GENERAL DISCUSSION

Causes of handicaps Genetic endowment, accidents or illness and would

include the limited intellectual capacity of mental handicap, loss of limbs or function resulting from accidents or physical illness leading to primary handicap.

Primary handicap may static and therefore predictable, or may diminish slowly coping mechanisms are developed. When disability is part of chronic ill health there may be the implication of gradual deterioration over months or years or the threats of sudden exacerbation.

Cont…

Primary handicap is more often single in younger people e.g. an amputated leg and multiple in the elder e .g physical illness and impaired cognitive function together with emotional and social disability.

Adverse consequences of the primary handicap rather than of the original underlined condition and may involve e all aspects of the individual’s life. Personal reactions include grief for lost capabilities, feelings of bitterness and increased dependence upon others

Types of handicaps

Many people tend to think of handicaps as physical, partly because physical disabilities may be obvious with wheelchair, crutches or braces. Many handicaps or disabilities may not be physical in nature, but are still very real. All types of handicaps affect not only the person with the handicap, but also family, friends and all those in their circle of contact

Cont…

(i) Physical Handicaps Physical disabilities or handicaps are revealed in

many different ways. A person with arthritis might have trouble moving due to stiffness or crippling. Gnarled fingers reveal the ravages of an arthritic condition. Those who've had accidents may have any number of physical problems from neck injuries to paralysis. Different diseases wear down the body. Physical handicaps may require braces or the use of crutches, other walking aids or a wheelchair.

Cont…

More minor physical disabilities may mean an arm or a leg that won't bend or straighten, making certain movements awkward or impossible. Age may bring on stooped shoulders and frailty. Physical handicaps also include the inability to hear (deafness) or see (blindness).

Cont…

 (ii) mental handcap Mental handicaps or disabilities are not as

easy to discern as many physical limitations. Mental disabilities may be a problem with the eye and mind working together--as with dyslexia, when letters don't stay where they belong on the page. Mental handicaps may range from very mild to severe with those who are developmentally disabled.

The term developmentally disabled refers to those not maturing at the level of their peers due to some type of impairment. This might be a problem interacting with others, as with the autism spectrum, or a problem with mental functions and cognitive understanding that hinders learning, thought processes and mental as well as physical responses.

Some individuals take time to think things through. Others can be taught how to interact. Still others have difficultly functioning in society at all, and need both supervision and constant care.

Mental handicaps may stem from injury, inadequate nutrition, abuse, drug use or genetics.

Cont…

(iii) Emotional Handicaps Emotional handicaps may stem from life

choices such as drug use, drug interactions, injuries from an accident, genetics, or physical and/or emotional abuse. Improper use of drugs confuses a person temporarily or permanently, causing emotional damage. An individual may not be able to process reality. Drug use may cause black outs, rages or irrational choices, or cause the individual to be abnormally passive.

Cont…

Genetics play a part in emotional handicaps. A genetic abnormally may cause the brain not to function at full capacity or cause unusual emotional responses to stimuli. If ears are very acute, loud music or other sounds can cause pain and bring on tears or anger as responses. Injuries from accidents or abuse may induce any number of emotional responses due to brain injury. Abuse induces emotional handicaps such as fear, withdrawal and/or rebellion. Abuse may cause such damage that the abused victim, in order to escape the fear and victimization, might in turn abuse others.

Rights of handicapped

When the UN Human Rights Committee examined the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in Tanzania during its 96th session, July 2009, the investigations of the albino killings was noted as an issue for immediate action together with addressing domestic violence against women, which is also widespread in Tanzania. International and national studies show that women with disabilities are more often subjected to such violence than others.

Cont…

 Education According to the Disability Survey 2008,

there are 16 special schools in Tanzania, and 159 special units integrated into regular schools. 2% of children with disabilities are said to attend these schools. Currently there is only one Special Teacher Training College in Arusha, which trains teachers for children with disabilities.

Cont…

The enrolment of children in primary school has increased remarkably over the past years in Tanzania and in particular in Zanzibar. Among others, Sida has contributed to this development, strongly supporting inclusive education with equal access for all, including the completion of Zanzibar Education Policy.

Cont…

The government of Tanzania targets that 20 % of all children with disabilities attend primary school education in 2010 (MKUKUTA 2005-2010) and the Ministry of Education has put teacher training at the top of their priority list for the coming years as pre-service and in-service training as well as training in methods and strategies to include children with disabilities.

Cont…

INCLUSION AND RIGHTS (Inclusion and participation into development and socio-political activities with equal status and rights)

Providing disabled persons the equal opportunity to access their rights as citizens and to participate in all of the activities in their families and communities enables:

Disabled persons to improve the quality of their lives.

People and their organizations have positive experiences with disabled persons, which will change their attitudes

Cont…

Organizations to include disabled persons in their existing programs to give them equal access to opportunities for education, economic activities, and health services.

Disabled persons to promote their right to play active roles in social and economic activities in their families and communities.

National organizations to promote for legislation, policy and regulations for recognition of the rights of disabled persons.

Cont…

Health services Through general practitioner services and

hospital facilities the following are offered: Diagnostic services, treatment of diseases,

assessment of primary handicap. Provision of rehabilitation services for both

physical and psychological disabilities. Provision of residential care for some of the

most severely handicapped (mentally handicapped, old chronic sick, elderly severely mentally infirm).

SUMMARY The term developmentally disabled refers to those not

maturing at the level of their peers due to some type of impairment. This might be a problem interacting with others, as with the autism spectrum, or a problem with mental functions and cognitive understanding that hinders learning, thought processes and mental as well as physical responses.

Whatever the cause, emotional handicaps range from depression, inappropriate behaviors and choices to heightened fears and withdrawal, all of which interfere with everyday activities and interactions

CONCLUSION Many handicaps or disabilities may not be

physical in nature, but are still very real. All types of handicaps affect not only the person with the handicap, but also family, friends and all those in their circle of contact.

Therefore it is worth for each society to formulate proper policies for provision of support and cares to the handicapped so as to enable them to get their rights.

RECOMMENDATIONSIt is very essential for each medical

personnel to understand the concept of handicap and get enough skills of health provisional cares and counseling as disabilities touch and cause many problems to a number of families today.

REFERENCES A.C. P. Sims and notes W.I. Hume Lecture

on Behavioral sciences Bc Bonacure Productslookfantastic.com/

BcBonacure Golf Scoring for the Mac www. Mulligan

software. com LiteGait - The Originalwww.LiteGait.com http://www.ehow.com/list 7175235 different

types of handicap

THANKS FOR LISTENING