Happy Thursday 09-18-2014Happy Thursday 09-18-2014

On your desk: Research/Experiment notes, On your desk: Research/Experiment notes, 1 sheet of paper, pen/cil1 sheet of paper, pen/cil

Warm-up (write on your paper)Warm-up (write on your paper) In an experiment, what is the difference In an experiment, what is the difference

between the Independent and Dependent between the Independent and Dependent Variable?Variable?

agendaagenda

Ethics in Psychological Research.Ethics in Psychological Research. Notes/ DiscussionNotes/ Discussion Famous Psychological Experiments…. Famous Psychological Experiments…. Video clips, ethics discussionVideo clips, ethics discussion

Experimental ProcedureExperimental Procedure((Take notes on the back of your chart)Take notes on the back of your chart)

Experiments are the only type of Experiments are the only type of research that can reveal a research that can reveal a

CauseCauseEffect Effect relationshiprelationship

Classic experimentClassic experiment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOYLCy5PVgM

http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/videos/the-milgram-experiment.htm

Parts of an experiment..Parts of an experiment..

HypothesisHypothesis-- Independent VariableIndependent Variable- - Dependent VariableDependent Variable-- Subjects-Subjects- Sample- Sample- Experimental Group-Experimental Group- Control Group-Control Group-

HypothesisHypothesis – a – a statement of the results that statement of the results that the experimenter expectsthe experimenter expects – – not what he/she not what he/she already knows already knows – must be made prior to – must be made prior to testingtesting

Example Experiment: Example Experiment: Insomnia vs. Sleeping PillsInsomnia vs. Sleeping Pills

Hypothesis – If X number of sleeping pills Hypothesis – If X number of sleeping pills helps the otherwise healthy person with helps the otherwise healthy person with insomnia then they will sleep betterinsomnia then they will sleep better

Independent variablesIndependent variables – the – the factor that the factor that the experimenter manipulates or changes experimenter manipulates or changes in a in a studystudy

Dependent VariablesDependent Variables – the – the factor in a study factor in a study that changes or varies as a result that changes or varies as a result of of changes in the independent variables – the changes in the independent variables – the resultsresults

Insomnia. vs. Sleeping PillsInsomnia. vs. Sleeping Pills

Independent variableIndependent variable– one group – sleeping pillsone group – sleeping pills– two group – placebo two group – placebo

Dependent VariableDependent Variable– sleep results sleep results (can vary) – better, worse, or (can vary) – better, worse, or

same amount of sleepsame amount of sleep

SubjectsSubjects – people or animals on whom the – people or animals on whom the experiment is conductedexperiment is conducted– Assigned randomly to groupsAssigned randomly to groups

SampleSample – a group that represents a larger – a group that represents a larger populationpopulation

Insomnia. vs. Sleeping PillsInsomnia. vs. Sleeping Pills

Subjects – two groups similar in physical Subjects – two groups similar in physical health, age and sleep patternshealth, age and sleep patterns

Experimental GroupExperimental Group – the group on which – the group on which the critical part of the experiment is the critical part of the experiment is performedperformed

Control GroupControl Group – the group that doesn’t – the group that doesn’t participate in the critical part of the participate in the critical part of the experimentexperiment

Insomnia. vs. Sleeping.PillsInsomnia. vs. Sleeping.Pills

Control Group – get placeboControl Group – get placebo Experimental Group – get sleeping pillsExperimental Group – get sleeping pills

PlaceboPlacebo – “fake medicine” – has no active – “fake medicine” – has no active ingredients and works by the power of ingredients and works by the power of suggestionsuggestion

Pirin Tablets

Insomnia. vs. Sleeping PillsInsomnia. vs. Sleeping Pills

ResultsResults– hypothesis rejectedhypothesis rejected– Subjects won’t sleep betterSubjects won’t sleep better– Have insomnia worse – less restfulHave insomnia worse – less restful

Interferes with dreams because without Interferes with dreams because without dreams sleep loses “curative effect”dreams sleep loses “curative effect”

Practice Time…Practice Time…

Now its your turn to set up an experiment Now its your turn to set up an experiment

On your own or with one nearby partner, you On your own or with one nearby partner, you must show understanding of the parts of an must show understanding of the parts of an experiment by following the steps of a given experiment by following the steps of a given experimental scenario.experimental scenario.

Quiz Grade. Quiz Grade. When finished, work on Chapter 2 ID’sWhen finished, work on Chapter 2 ID’s

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FAQFAQ

Q1. Q1. Can laboratory experiments illuminate Can laboratory experiments illuminate everyday life?everyday life?

Ans: Ans: Artificial laboratory conditions are created Artificial laboratory conditions are created to study behavior in simplistic terms. The goal is to study behavior in simplistic terms. The goal is

to find underlying principles that govern to find underlying principles that govern behavior.behavior.

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FAQFAQ

Q2Q2. Does behavior depend on one’s culture? . Does behavior depend on one’s culture?

Ans:Ans: Even when specific attitudes and behaviors Even when specific attitudes and behaviors vary across cultures, as they often do, the vary across cultures, as they often do, the underlying processes are much the same.underlying processes are much the same.

Am

i Vitale/ G

etty Images

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FAQFAQ

Q3. Q3. Does behavior vary with gender?Does behavior vary with gender?

Ans:Ans: Yes. Biology determines our sex, and Yes. Biology determines our sex, and culture further bends the genders. However, culture further bends the genders. However, in many ways woman and man are similarly in many ways woman and man are similarly

human.human.

2020

FAQFAQ

Q4.Q4. Why do psychologists study animals? Why do psychologists study animals?

Ans: Ans: Studying animals gives us the Studying animals gives us the understanding of many behaviors that may have understanding of many behaviors that may have

common biology across animals and humans.common biology across animals and humans.

D. Shapiro, © Wildlife Conservation Society

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FAQFAQ

Q5.Q5. Is it ethical to experiment on animals? Is it ethical to experiment on animals?

Ans:Ans: Yes. To gain insights to devastating and Yes. To gain insights to devastating and fatal diseases. All researchers who deal with fatal diseases. All researchers who deal with

animal research are required to follow ethical animal research are required to follow ethical guidelines in caring for these animals.guidelines in caring for these animals.

ETHICS….ETHICS…. What are ethics?What are ethics? Methods of conduct or standards for proper Methods of conduct or standards for proper

and responsible behavior.and responsible behavior. Examples of ethics in psychological research:Examples of ethics in psychological research: ConfidentialityConfidentiality Dignity and welfare of participantsDignity and welfare of participants All state and federal laws obeyedAll state and federal laws obeyed Providing participants with accurate Providing participants with accurate

informationinformation

Ethics study…copy 1-6 on your Ethics study…copy 1-6 on your paper.paper.

1. Little Albert1. Little Albert 2. Milgram Shock Treatment2. Milgram Shock Treatment 3. Asch Conformity3. Asch Conformity 4. Bystander Effect4. Bystander Effect 5. Brown eyed Blue eyed5. Brown eyed Blue eyed 6. Stanford Prison6. Stanford Prison For each of these famous experiments, do you notice For each of these famous experiments, do you notice

any ethical violations?any ethical violations?

http://mentalfloss.com/article/52787/10-famous-psychological-experiments-could-never-happen-today

The HUMAN BRAIN….The HUMAN BRAIN….

TED Talk---TED Talk---

http://www.ted.com/talks/http://www.ted.com/talks/suzana_herculano_houzel_what_is_so_spesuzana_herculano_houzel_what_is_so_special_about_the_human_braincial_about_the_human_brain

Write down 2 ideas/questions/facts from the Write down 2 ideas/questions/facts from the TED talk on your paperTED talk on your paper