Hassan al-Banna

(1906-49) al-Ikhwān al-Muslimūn

• Ukhuwwa (Fratellanza) ≠ Hizb, Harakat

• al-Qur’ân dusturna (the Qur’an is our constitution)

• Islam as an all-inclusive system -- din wa dunya wa dawla (religion, world and state).

Muhammad Rashid Rida (1865-1935)

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (1838-1897) Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905)Muhammad Rashid Rida (1865-1935)

In 1898 Rida launched with ‘Abduh al-Manar, meaning ‘The Lighthouse’.

In his treatise al-Khilāfa, he sustains the need to restore the caliphate as the main legislative authority.

Sayyid Qutb (1906-66) behind bars in an Egyptian prison

Jāhiliyya (state of ignorance)Jihād (struggle)Kāfir (unbelievers)Takfīr (the act of declaring someone as infidel or impious, excommunication)al-hakimiyya li-llah (Sovereignty of God)

Abu ‘l-Ala Al-Mawdudi(1903-79)

Six-Day War September 11, 1978 – Camp David Accord

The Iranian Revolution of 1978-79

The Iran-Iraq war (1980-88)

Soviet War in Afghanistan(1979-89)

Traduzione: Un membro della Fratellanza musulmana insieme al generale Tantawi, capo del Consiglio supremo delle Forze armate, in occasione della

prima seduta del parlamento: “ Con cosa brindiamo il 25 gennaio?”Autore e fonte: Doa el Adl, Al Masry al Youm, 23 gennaio 2012

Islam = Islamism (1800s 1914)

Islam ≠ Islamism (Islamic revival)

The Arabic name of the faith, and a word free of either pejorative or comparative associations.

Political activism in the name of Islam.

Islamism / political Islam ≠ Islamic fundamentalism*, radicalism, extremism

*Fundamentalism is borrowed from American history: at the end of the nineteenth century a Christian school of theological thought developed which called for a return to the basic beliefs (fundamentals) of Christian belief.

ISLAMIC ACTIVISM Political Islamism

Harakat & Hizb Missionary activism

Al-da‘waSalafiyya

Jihadis Salafiyya al-jihadiyyaJihādCaliphate Qutbist

the ‘nearer enemy’ the ‘further enemy’ (Israel, US)

Mohammad Badie, Supreme Guide of the Muslim Brotherhood

Abdel Moneim Abul Futouh

Leaders of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers

CONSERVATIVE WING REFORMIST WING

Nadia Yassine

al-Adl wa al-Ihssane (Justice and Charity)

Suad Abderrahim

An-Nahda

Electoral poster of Nour Party

Tunisia – University of Manouba

Students wear the niqab

Al-Qa‘ida in the Islamic Maghreb

Abdelhakim Belhadj, former head of the terrorist Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG), leader of the Tripoli Military Council.

Basmala or Bismillah: “In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.”

Sidi Mamoun, outskirts of Casablanca

Titolo: 25 gennaioIl giovane ragazzo: Seconda rivoluzioneL’ufficiale dell’esercito: Festa nazionale

Autore e fonte: Makhlouf, Al Masry al Youm, 18 gennaio 2012