Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Injuries to the headInjuries to the head• Skull FracturesSkull Fractures
• ConcussionsConcussions– Second Impact Second Impact
SyndromeSyndrome
• Scalp injuriesScalp injuries– Lacerations, Lacerations,
abrasions, abrasions, contusions, and contusions, and hematomashematomas
Injuries to the faceInjuries to the face
• Mandible fracture/dislocationMandible fracture/dislocation– Mandible is the Jaw BoneMandible is the Jaw Bone
• Temporomandibular Joint dysfunction Temporomandibular Joint dysfunction (TMJ)(TMJ)
• Zygomatic Complex fractures Zygomatic Complex fractures (cheekbone)(cheekbone)
• Maxillary fractureMaxillary fracture
• Face LacerationsFace Lacerations
Mandible Mandible fracture/dislocationfracture/dislocation
• SX:SX:– Pain when biting Pain when biting
downdown– Unable to move jawUnable to move jaw– DeformityDeformity– Bleeding around Bleeding around
teethteeth– Numbness of lower Numbness of lower
liplip– Bottom jaw forwardBottom jaw forward
Temporomandibular Joint Temporomandibular Joint dysfunction (TMJ)dysfunction (TMJ)
• SX:SX:– HeadachesHeadaches– EaracheEarache– VertigoVertigo– InflammationInflammation– Neck painNeck pain– Hypomobility or Hypomobility or
hypermobilityhypermobility– MalocculsionMalocculsion– Limited ROMLimited ROM
Zygomatic Complex fractures Zygomatic Complex fractures (cheekbone)(cheekbone)• Bones:Bones:
– ZygomaticZygomatic– MaxillaryMaxillary
• SX:SX:– Obvious deformityObvious deformity– Epistaxis Epistaxis
(nosebleed)(nosebleed)– Diplopia (seeing Diplopia (seeing
double)double)– Numbness in the Numbness in the
cheekcheek• TX:TX:
– Ice and ReferralIce and Referral
Maxillary fractureMaxillary fracture
• SX:SX:– Pain while Pain while
chewingchewing– MalocclusionMalocclusion– EpistaxisEpistaxis– DiplopiaDiplopia– Numbness in lip Numbness in lip
and cheek areaand cheek area
Dental InjuriesDental Injuries
• Tooth fractureTooth fracture
• Tooth subluxation, luxation, avulsionTooth subluxation, luxation, avulsion– Subluxation (slightly loose)Subluxation (slightly loose)– Luxation (no fx, but very loose) Luxation (no fx, but very loose)
•Moves either forward or backwardMoves either forward or backward
– Avulsion (tooth is completely removed)Avulsion (tooth is completely removed)
Nasal InjuriesNasal Injuries
• Nasal fractures (most Nasal fractures (most common fractured face common fractured face bones)bones)– Sx:Sx:
• DeformityDeformity• SwellingSwelling• EpistaxisEpistaxis• CreptiusCreptius
• Deviated SeptumDeviated Septum• EpistaxisEpistaxis
Auricular Hematoma Auricular Hematoma aka Cauliflower Earaka Cauliflower Ear
– CompressionCompression– Shearing force (single or Shearing force (single or
repetitive)repetitive)– Tears overlying tissue away from Tears overlying tissue away from
cartilage and then fluid collects in cartilage and then fluid collects in the pocketsthe pockets• Body is unable to remove as fast Body is unable to remove as fast
as it appearsas it appears– May be drained but ultimately will May be drained but ultimately will
require surgery to fixrequire surgery to fix
• SX:SX:– HotHot– SwellingSwelling
Rupture of Tympanic Rupture of Tympanic MembraneMembrane• Seen in contact or collision sportsSeen in contact or collision sports
• Fall or slap to the unprotected ear or Fall or slap to the unprotected ear or sudden underwater variationsudden underwater variation– SX:SX:
• Loud popLoud pop
• Pain in earPain in ear
• NauseaNausea
• VomitingVomiting
• DizzinessDizziness
• Hearing lossHearing loss
Swimmer’s Ear (Ortitis Swimmer’s Ear (Ortitis Externa)Externa)• Infection of ear canal (not a fungal Infection of ear canal (not a fungal
infection)infection)• Water gets trapped due to obstructions:Water gets trapped due to obstructions:
– Cysts, bone growths, plugs of earwax, or Cysts, bone growths, plugs of earwax, or swelling caused by allergiesswelling caused by allergies
• SX:SX:– PainPain– DizzinessDizziness– ItchingItching– DischargeDischarge– Partial hearing lossPartial hearing loss
Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)Media)• Accumulation of fluid in middle ear canal caused Accumulation of fluid in middle ear canal caused
by local or systematic inflammation or infectionby local or systematic inflammation or infection• SX:SX:
– Intense PainIntense Pain– Fluid drainingFluid draining– Transient loss of hearingTransient loss of hearing
• Systematic infection SX:Systematic infection SX:– FeverFever– HeadacheHeadache– IrritabilityIrritability– Loss of appetiteLoss of appetite– nauseanausea
• 1: Normal1: Normal
• 2: Waxy2: Waxy
• 3:Otitis Media 3:Otitis Media c infusion c infusion
• 4:Otitis Media4:Otitis Media
• 5:Severe 5:Severe Otitis MediaOtitis Media
• 6:Otitis Media 6:Otitis Media c secretionc secretion
• 7:Fluid 7:Fluid (asymptoma(asymptomatic child)tic child)
• 8:Healing of 8:Healing of OM c fluidOM c fluid
• 9:Severe OM9:Severe OM• 10:Formatio10:Formatio
n of scar n of scar tissue from tissue from Severe OMSevere OM
• 11:Rupture 11:Rupture of Membraneof Membrane
• 12: Tubes12: Tubes
Eye InjuriesEye Injuries
• Orbital HematomaOrbital Hematoma• Orbital FxOrbital Fx• Retinal Retinal
DetachmentDetachment• Rupture of the Rupture of the
GlobeGlobe• Corneal AbrasionCorneal Abrasion• Acute Acute
ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis• StySty• HyphemaHyphema
Orbital Hematoma (black Orbital Hematoma (black eye)eye)
• Mild Bruising to Orbital fxMild Bruising to Orbital fx
• Orbital fxOrbital fx– Eyeball forced posteriorly compressing orbital fat Eyeball forced posteriorly compressing orbital fat
until a blowout or rupture occurs until a blowout or rupture occurs • Fat and interior extraocular muscles can herniate Fat and interior extraocular muscles can herniate
through fx)through fx)
– Sx:Sx:• Diplopia Diplopia
• Restricted mvmt of eyeRestricted mvmt of eye
• A downward displacement of the eyeA downward displacement of the eye
• Pain w/ swelling and hemorragePain w/ swelling and hemorrage
• Numbness (infraorbital nerve)Numbness (infraorbital nerve)
– TX: SurgicalTX: Surgical
Retinal DetachmentRetinal Detachment• Blow to athlete’s eye can Blow to athlete’s eye can
partially or completely partially or completely detach retinadetach retina
• Sx:Sx:– Detachment is painlessDetachment is painless
•Specks floating before eyeSpecks floating before eye•Flashes of lightFlashes of light•Blurred visionBlurred vision•““curtain falling” over field of curtain falling” over field of
visionvision
• Tx:Tx:– Refer to OphthalmologistRefer to Ophthalmologist
Rupture of globeRupture of globe
• SX: SX: – Severe painSevere pain– Decreased visual acuity Decreased visual acuity – DilopiaDilopia– Irregular pupilsIrregular pupils– Increased intraocular pressureIncreased intraocular pressure– Orbital leakageOrbital leakage
HyphemaHyphema• Collection of blood within the anterior chamber Collection of blood within the anterior chamber
(direct blow)(direct blow)• SX:SX:
– Visible reddish tint to ant. ChamberVisible reddish tint to ant. Chamber– Within 2 hrs blood settles inferiorly or may fill entire Within 2 hrs blood settles inferiorly or may fill entire
chamberchamber– Blood may turn pea green colorBlood may turn pea green color– Vision is partially or completely blockedVision is partially or completely blocked
• Tx:Tx:– Hospitalization w/ bed restHospitalization w/ bed rest– Head @ 30 -40 degreesHead @ 30 -40 degrees– Patch B eyesPatch B eyes– Sedation and medication to relieve pressureSedation and medication to relieve pressure
Tooth InjuriesTooth Injuries
• TX:TX:– If at all possible it is best to put tooth back in If at all possible it is best to put tooth back in
socket for transport to dentist or hospitalsocket for transport to dentist or hospital• Other acceptable forms of transport are:Other acceptable forms of transport are:
– Save-a-tooth or milk Save-a-tooth or milk
• Mouth-guards are thought to prevent Mouth-guards are thought to prevent concussionsconcussions– Homework: find an article online or in a paper Homework: find an article online or in a paper
that either supports or refutes this statementthat either supports or refutes this statement– BE prepared to share!BE prepared to share!