Presented by Dr. Sudhakar KokateDirector PPRC, India

Asthma

Ancient time known as “Shwasa” meaning

disease pertaining to breathing or respiration

Asthma is a lung disease

Elaborate description available from the earliest

times

PPRC/INDIA 01

Asthma

Classification according to Ayurveda:

1. Kshudra shwasa

2. Maha shwasa

3. Urdhva shwasa

4. Chhinna shwasa

5. Tamak shwasa

PPRC/INDIA 02

Kshudra shwasa

Because of vititation of air in the alimentary tract

Not much pain involved & Easily curable

Doesn’t interfere in food course or breathing

Doesn’t disturb the sensory organs

Not much harmful to the body as compared to other

types

In allopath such conditions are grouped under

exertional dyspnoea PPRC/INDIA 03

Maha shwasa

Caused by disturbance in respiratory movement

of air

Patient feels great obstruction in respiration

Breathes without break with a very loud and

long stertore

Voluntary control disappears, wheezing audible

sounds called as major dyspnoea in AyurvedaPPRC/INDIA 04

Maha shwasa

Patient looses all senses of understanding and

knowledge. Restless look in eyes, distorted voice

going into semi-comatose condition

According to allopathy the wheezing sound is

similar to that of the heart, kidney and brain

disorders

PPRC/INDIA 05

Urdhva shwasa

Expiration prolonged, insignificant inspiration

Mouth and respiratory tract get obstructed with

cough

Eyes turn upwards and restless

Severe pain and person suffers from delusions

and senselessness

PPRC/INDIA 06

Urdhva shwasa

According to Ayurveda this condition is harmful

According to Allopathy, such condition is found

in pneumonia, lung abcesses, gangrene, acute

inflammation in lungs, epilepsy.

PPRC/INDIA 07

Chhinna shwasa

Depressed breathing system

Person breathes with great difficulty and full force with

interruption

Person suffers from constipation, excessive sweating,

repeated fainting, burning and retention of urine, eyes

full of tears, unconsciousness, dry mouth

According to allopathy this is interrupted respiratory

dyspnoea PPRC/INDIA 08

Tamaka shwasa

Two types: Pratamaka and Santamaka

Febrile dyspnoea appears in a person with fever and

fainting

Santamaka, cardiac asthma greatly aggravates during

night

Person feels submerged in a sea of darkness

PPRC/INDIA 09

Asthma

Chronic disease

Long term disease that has no cure

Asthma – Greek word “Panting” common

inflammatory disease

Cause: Genetic and environmental factors

2011…..235-330 million people suffered from

asthma world wide PPRC/INDIA 10

Asthma

250,000 – 345,000 people die every year

Adult women suffer more than men

Asthma affects:

7% population in U.S.

5% population in U.K., Canada, Australia

14 – 15% population in New Zealand

PPRC/INDIA 11

History of Asthma

Ancient Egypt – Asthma treated by drinking incense

mixture called ‘Kyphi’

Hippocrates circa 450 B.C. – Greek word ‘Panting’

for this specific respiratory problem

1873 – Pathophysiology of disease known

1880 – Use of intravenous doses of ‘Pilocarpin’ for

treatment PPRC/INDIA 12

History of Asthma

1886 – Dr. F. H. Bosworth theorized relation

between asthma and hay fever

1905 – Use of epinephrine for treatment

1950 – Use of oral corticosteroids in treatment

1960 – Wide use of inhaled corticosteroids

PPRC/INDIA 13

Practice parameters

Allergy testing

Anaphylaxis

Drug allergy

Food allergy

Immunodeficiency

Skin allergy

PPRC/INDIA 14

Asthma triggers

Organic compounds

Formaldehyde exposure

Dust mites cockroaches

Animal dander

Mold

Certain viral respiratory infections

Respiratory syncytialPPRC/INDIA 15

Asthma triggers

Virus and rhinovirus

Cigarette smoke, Pets, Aspirin

Smoking during pregnancy

Environmental chemicals

Environmental pollution

Traffic pollution

High ozone levelsPPRC/INDIA 16

Symptoms

Wheezing, shortness of breath

Chest tightness, coughing

Symptoms worse at night, early mornings

Also exposure to cold air or triggers

PPRC/INDIA 17

Associated diseases

Gastro oesophageal reflex disc

Rhino sinusitis

Obstructive sleep apnea

PPRC/INDIA 18

Medicines for Asthma

Two types:

Long term and quick relief

Quick relief or rescue device nebulize 1-2

times / mouth

PPRC/INDIA 19

Long term medicine

Cromolyn

Omalizumab (anti-Ig E)

Beta 2 agonists

Leukotriene modifiers

Theophylline

PPRC/INDIA 20

Rescue medicine

Beta 2 agonists

Inhaled short acting

Rule: Quick relief medicines shouldn’t be used /

prescribed in place of long term control

medicines or medicines that doesn’t reduce

inflammation

PPRC/INDIA 21

PPRC/INDIA 22

Classification of drugsBased on Mechanism of action

1 Bronchodilatory activity

2 Mast cell stabilizing activity

3 Anti-allergic activity

4 Anti-inflammatory activity

5 Inhibiting interleukins (ILs) biosynthesis

6 Inhibiting leukotrienes (LTs) biosynthesis

7 Inhibiting platelet activating factor

8 Ability to inhibit lipoxygenase

PPRC/INDIA 23

Plantshaving

Bronchodilatory activity

1

PPRC/INDIA 24

Adhatoda vasicaPPRC/INDIA 25

Albizzia lebbeckPPRC/INDIA 26

Ammi visnagaPPRC/INDIA 27

Artemisia caerulescensPPRC/INDIA 28

Belamcanda chinensisPPRC/INDIA 29

Benincasa hispidaPPRC/INDIA 30

Cissampelos sympodialisPPRC/INDIA 31

Clerodendron serratumPPRC/INDIA 32

Coleus forskohliiPPRC/INDIA 33

Elaeocarpus sphaericusPPRC/INDIA 34

Galphimia glaucaPPRC/INDIA 35

Ocimum sanctumPPRC/INDIA 36

Picrorhiza kurroaPPRC/INDIA 37

Tylophora asthmaticaPPRC/INDIA 38

Vitex negundoPPRC/INDIA 39

Rosmarinus officinalisPPRC/INDIA 40

Curcuma longaPPRC/INDIA 41

Drimys winteriPPRC/INDIA 42

Ephedra sinicaPPRC/INDIA 43

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.PPRC/INDIA 44

Caesalpinia bonducPPRC/INDIA 45

Plantshaving

Mast cell stabilizing

activity

2

PPRC/INDIA 46

Achyranthes asperaPPRC/INDIA 47

Azadirachta indicaPPRC/INDIA 48

Bacopa monnieriPPRC/INDIA 49

Drymaria cordataPPRC/INDIA 50

Cassia alataPPRC/INDIA 51

Citrus unshiuPPRC/INDIA 52

Hi-chum s. glabrescencePPRC/INDIA 53

Plantshaving

Anti-allergic activity

3

PPRC/INDIA 54

Desmodium adscendensPPRC/INDIA 55

Solanum melongenaPPRC/INDIA 56

Plantshaving

Anti-inflammatory activity

4

PPRC/INDIA 57

Asystasia gangeticaPPRC/INDIA 58

Calotropis proceraPPRC/INDIA 59

Ocimum sanctumPPRC/INDIA 60

Cinnamonum zelanicumPPRC/INDIA 61

Ixora coccineaPPRC/INDIA 62

Allium sativumPPRC/INDIA 63

Glycyrrhiza glabraPPRC/INDIA 64

Anacardium occidentalePPRC/INDIA 65

Caesalpiniaceae bonducellaPPRC/INDIA 66

Morus indicaPPRC/INDIA 67

Curcuma amadaPPRC/INDIA 68

Cassia fistulaPPRC/INDIA 69

Plantsinhibiting

Interleukins (ILs)

biosynthesis

5

PPRC/INDIA 70

Ganoderma tsugaePPRC/INDIA 71

Plantsinhibiting

Leukotrienes (LTs)

Biosynthesis

6

PPRC/INDIA 72

Nigella sativaPPRC/INDIA 73

Plantsinhibiting

Platelet-activating factor

7

PPRC/INDIA 74

Gingko bilobaPPRC/INDIA 75

Plantshaving ability to inhibit

Lipoxygenase

8

PPRC/INDIA 76

Allium cepaPPRC/INDIA 77

You !!Thank

“BE WITH US”