Helena Pachón CIAT Nutritionist AgroSalud Project Coordinator Improved Agriculture-Nutrition...

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Helena PachónCIAT Nutritionist

AgroSalud Project Coordinator

Improved Agriculture-Nutrition Linkages through Production and Promotion of Nutrient-dense

Food Security and Nutrition NetworkSpring Technical Meeting

9 May 2011Baltimore, USA

Outline

Biofortification overview Experiences in LAC

Photo: Neil Palmer

What is Biofortification?

Biofortification is the development of nutrient-dense staple crops using the best conventional breeding

practices and modern biotechnology, without sacrificing agronomic performance and important

consumer-preferred traits

Modified from Nestel et al., 2006

Iron, zinc, calcium, pro-vitamin A carotenoids,

folate, amino acids, prebiotics, etc.

Conventional Plant Breeding to Develop Biofortified Crops

Drought-tolerant Bean

High-iron Bean

Drought-tolerant, high-iron beans

Progressive increments of iron in beans

Breeding cycles

2005 2007 2009 2011

Developing Biofortified Crops Takes Years

Courtesy: Steve Beebe, CIAT

Nutrient Concentration in Staple Crops can be Increased through Plant Breeding

Courtesy: César Martínez, CIAT

0022446688

101012121414

NN 48514851MeanMean 3.923.92Std DeviationStd Deviation 1.201.20

08 NormalNormal

0.450.45 1.051.05 1.651.65 2.252.25 2.852.85 3.453.45 4.054.05 4.654.65 5.255.25 5.855.85 6.456.45 7.057.05 7.657.650022446688

101012121414

Fe (mg/kg)Fe (mg/kg)

NormalNormal

0022446688

101012121414

NormalNormal

Fedearroz 50Fedearroz 50

IR - 64IR - 64

BaselineBaseline

Agronomic Traits in Staple Crops can be Improved through Plant Breeding

Yield of tryptophan- and

lysine-biofortified

maize (QPM)

Mostly higher yields for QPM

(yellow bar) compared with conventional

maize (red bar)

Courtesy: Hugo Córdova and CIMMYT colleagues

Yields for White QPM Hybrids Evaluated in 62 Localities in Latin America, Asia and Africa, 2002-2003

Will Farmers Adopt Biofortified Crops?

49% and 15% of the areas in LAC and Africa, respectively, where beans are grown have CIAT varieties (Johnson et al., 2003)

36% of LAC areas where maize is grown have CIMMYT germplasm (Morris & López, 2000)

71% of the rice area planted in Asia has IRRI rice (Hossain et al., 2003)

Photo: Marlene Rosero

Historically, farmers have adopted agronomically improved crops

Biofortification is a Food-based Approach

(http://faostat.fao.org/site/368/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=368#ancor)

Six crops account for 57% of energy and 49% of protein “consumed” by populations living in least developed countries

(FAO food balance sheets)

Proportion of Energy and Protein "Consumed" from Crops in Least Developed Nations: FAO Food

Balance Sheets

% Energy % Protein

Beans Cassava Maize Rice Sweetpotato Wheat

How Biofortified Crops Improve Food and Nutrition Security

Compared with conventional (non-biofortified crops), biofortified crops have

Increase foods available in homes

Better agronomic characteristics

• Greater: yields, resistance to pests, tolerance to stresses

Improve food security

How Biofortified Crops Improve Food and Nutrition Security

Compared with conventional (non-biofortified crops), biofortified crops have

Increase foods available in homes

Better agronomic characteristics

• Greater: yields, resistance to pests, tolerance to stresses

Higher nutritional concentration

• More: iron, zinc, beta-carotene and/or tryptophan and lysine

Increase the intake of these nutrients

Improve nutrition security

Improve food security

Biofortification Supported by Leading Economists

(www.copenhagenconsensus.com)

For the most important challenges facing the

world, what are the most

promising solutions?

Biofortification is Complementary to Other Interventions

Improve Food and Nutrition

Security

Fortified Foods

Dietary Diversity

Supplementation

Improved Crop Productivity

Crop Biofortification

Nutrition Education

Brazil

India Biofortificatio

n Program

Who Promotes Biofortification?

Iron-biofortified rice (Haas et al., 2005)

Increased by 20% storage iron in non-anemic women of reproductive age (Philippines)

β-carotene-biofortified sweet potato (Low et al., 2007; van Jaarsveld et al., 2005)

Reduced by 37% pre-schoolers with vitamin A deficiency (Mozambique) and improved by 10% storage vitamin A in school-age children (South Africa)

Lysine- and tryptophan-biofortified maize (QPM) (Gunaratna et al., 2010)

Improved children’s growth by 9-12% (8 studies in Latin America and Africa)Zinc-biofortified wheat (Rosado et al., 2009)

Improved zinc absorption by 33% in women of reproductive age (Mexico)

Demonstrated Impact of Biofortified Crops

Photo: Luis Carlos Torres

Summary: Biofortified Crops

Improved agronomic characteristics

Higher nutrient concentration

Improve nutritional status

A food-based strategy Complements other

interventions

Outline

Biofortification overview Experiences in LAC

Photo: Neil Palmer

The Nutritional Need in LAC

52 M undernourished (FAO) In some areas, anemia,

stunting, & vitamin A deficiency constitute severe public health problems (WHO, MACRO)

Lost school days, poor growth and development, and poor productivity

Regional economic cost is ~US$21 billion annually (CIAT)

Photo: Neil Palmer

s potato

(Images: www.gardenguides.com, www.hormel.com, www.cdc.gov, www.waynescomputerworld.com, www.theproducehunter.com;www.sacramentorivervalleydistrict.org)

beansrice

+ Iron + Iron+ Iron

Anemia

Biofortified Crops to Address Nutrition Problems in LAC

s potato

beans maizerice

+ Zinc + Zinc+Zinc + Amino acids Zinc

Stunting

s potato

cassavamaize

+ Pro-Vit A +Pro-Vit A + Pro-Vit

Vitamin A Deficiency

Released 42 Cultivars, 10 in the PipelineC

CountryCrop

Rice S potato Beans Maize

Bolivia2009 (2)2011 (1)

- 2009 (1) 2008 (1)

Brazil 2011 (1) 2009 (1) 2008 (2) -

Colombia 2011 (1) - 2011 (1) 2010 (2)

Costa Rica - - 2011 (1) -

Cuba2009 (1)2010 (1)

2009 (1) 2009 (1) -

El Salvador - - 2011 (1) 2008 (3)

Guatemala - - 2010 (1) 2009 (1)

Haiti - 2009 (2) - 2008 (1)

Honduras - - 2011 (1)2008 (1)2010 (2)

Mexico - - -2007 (2)2009 (2)

Nicaragua 2011 (1) - 2011 (1) 2007 (2)

Panama 2010 (4) - -2008 (2)2009 (2)

Peru - 2010 (2) - -

Dominican Republic 2011 (1) 2009 (2) - -

Total 13 8 10 21

Seed Produced (2010)

Country Cultivar Amount (kg)Bolivia Rice 228,000Bolivia Maize 200Cuba Rice 10,680

Cuba Beans 1,702

El Salvador Maize 431,920

Guatemala Beans 909

Haiti Maize 6,935

Panama Rice 7,071

Peru Maize 1,000

Take-Home Message

Through AgroSalud, 42 nutritionally-improved crops were bred and released in 13 countries

Photos: Neil Palmer

Seed is available for your projects and programs in LAC

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w5oyFBqobpM

¡Gracias! ¡Buen provecho!

Helena PachónCIAT

Colombia+572 445 0000 (Tel)

h.pachon@cgiar.org www.AgroSalud.org

The New Agriculturalist: http://www.new-ag.info/picture/feature.

php?a=1582

Feeding Ambitions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=w5oyFBqobpM

Helena Pachón CIAT Nutritionist AgroSalud Project Coordinator Improved Agriculture-Nutrition...

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