Post on 15-Jul-2015
transcript
Hepatitis
Hamza Salah
Khalid Hammad
This research was prepared as partial fulfillment of the requirements for English 1
Autumn 2014
Jerusalem
University College
Destinations
– Liver
– Hepatitis
– Transmitted by
– Hepatitis B
– People who may be at risk of hepatitis B
– Symptoms
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– Exams and Tests
– Treatment
– Outlook (Prognosis)
– When to Contact a Medical Professional
– Prevention
– References
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Liver is the largest organ inside your body. It
helps your body digest food, store energy, and
remove poisons. Hepatitis is an inflammation of
the liver.
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These five types are of greatest concern because
of the burden of illness and death they cause and
the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. In
particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in
hundreds of millions of people and, together, are
the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and
cancer.
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Common modes of transmission for these viruses
include receipt of contaminated blood or blood
products, invasive medical procedures using
contaminated equipment and for hepatitis B
transmission from mother to baby at birth, from
family member to child, and also by sexual contact.
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• Have unprotected sex with an infected partner
• Receive blood transfusions (not common in the United States)
• Have contact with blood at work (such as health care workers)
• Have been on long-term kidney dialysis
• Get a tattoo or acupuncture with unclean needles
• Share needles during drug use
• Share personal items (such as toothbrush, razor, and nail clippers)
with a person who has the virus
• Were born to a hepatitis-B infected mother.
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It is not always clear which patients with chronic
hepatitis B should receive drug therapy and when drug
therapy should be started. You are more likely to receive
these medicines if:
• Your liver function is quickly becoming worse
• You develop symptoms of long-term liver damage
• You have high levels of the hepatitis B virus in your
blood.
For these medicines to work best, you need to take
them as instructed by your health care provider. Ask
what side effects you can expect and what to do if you
have them. Not everybody who needs to take these
medicines responds well.
If you develop liver failure, you may receive a liver
transplant. A liver transplant is the only cure in some
cases of liver failure.
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Other steps you can take:
• Avoid alcohol.
• Check with your doctor or nurse before taking any
over-the-counter medications or herbal
supplements. This includes medications such as
acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen.
• Severe liver damage, or cirrhosis, can be caused by
hepatitis B.
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The acute illness usually goes away after 2 to 3 weeks.
The liver usually returns to normal within 4 to 6 months in
most people.
Almost all newborns and about half of children who get
hepatitis B develop the chronic condition. Very few adults
who get the virus develop chronic hepatitis B.
About 1 in 100 people who get hepatitis B dies from the
condition. There is a much higher rate of liver cancer in
people who have chronic hepatitis B. 21
Call your doctor if:
• You develop symptoms of hepatitis B
• Hepatitis B symptoms do not go away in 2 to 3
weeks, or new symptoms develop
• You belong to a high-risk group for hepatitis B and
have not had the HBV vaccine
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• Children and people at high risk for hepatitis B should
get the hepatitis B vaccine.
• Babies should get a first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine
at birth. They should have all three shots in the series
by age 6 months.
• Children younger than age 19 who have not had the
vaccine should get "catch-up" doses.
• Health care workers and those who live with someone
who has hepatitis B should get the vaccine. 23
• Infants born to mothers who have acute hepatitis B or
have had the infection in the past should get a special
hepatitis B vaccine within 12 hours of birth.
• All blood used for blood transfusions is screened, so the
chance of getting the virus in this way is very small.
• The hepatitis B vaccine or a hepatitis immune globulin
(HBIG) shot may help prevent infection if you receive it
within 24 hours of contact with the virus.
• Measures to avoid contact with blood and body
fluids can help prevent the spread of hepatitis B from
person-to-person. 24
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended
adult immunization schedule – United States
• Dienstag JL. Hepatitis B virus infection.
• Perrillo R. Hepatitis B and D
• http://www.webmd.com/
• Wikipedia
• Nucleus medical media
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