Post on 19-Jan-2017
transcript
HeritageTourism:HistoricResourcesWalkabletoAtlanta’sPublicTransit
SeanYatesPMAP865112/7/2016
Acknowledgements
IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankDr.Ann-MargaretEsnardofGeorgia
StateUniversity.Shehasprovidedtheknowledgetoperformthetasksnecessaryto
completethisproject.Shewashappytoansweranyquestionsalongtheway.
Abstract
Heritagetourismis“travelingtoexperiencetheplaces,artifacts,and
activitiesthatauthenticallyrepresentthestoriesandpeopleofthepastandpresent.
Itincludesvisitationtocultural,historic,andnaturalresources,”asdefinedbythe
NationalTrustforHistoricPreservation.1Heritagetouriststendtostaylongerand
spendmoremoneyontheirvacations.2
AtlantaCityLandmarksarepropertiesthathavebeendesignatedbythecity
asbeingindividuallyhistoricallysignificant.Thesepropertiesarethemost
prominentexamplesofAtlanta’shistoricbuiltenvironment.Thesearethesitesthat
definewhoweareandwherewehavecomefrom.Mostimportantly,thesearethe
faceofourcity.
ThisreportexaminestheproximityofAtlantaCityLandmarkstopublic
transit.Alllandmarkswithinaquartermile(generallyacceptedaswalking
distance)ofMARTAandAtlantaStreetcarstopsareportrayedonmaplayouts.
Furtherspatialanalysisisportrayed,suchaslanduseandpopulationdensity.
Together,thesemapsandanalysisgiveanoverviewofAtlanta’swalkablehistoric
resources.
1https://savingplaces.org/stories/preservation-glossary-todays-word-heritage-tourism#.WEBmLqIrKRs2http://www.georgiashpo.org/sites/uploads/hpd/pdf/Heritage_Tourism_Handbook_revised.pdf
Introduction
HeritageTourismistourismbasedoffhistoricandculturalsitessuchas
historichouses,districts,theaters,courthouses,museumsandmore.Thisproject
displaysallAtlantaCityLandmarkswithin¼mileofMARTAstationsandAtlanta
Streetcarstops.Thisallowsheritagetouriststotheoreticallyvisitsitesfromthe
AtlantaAirportwithouteverhavingtobeinacar.Thiscouldbehelpfulforsomeone
onalayoverinAtlantathatisinterestedinourhistoricbuiltenvironment.
Further,thiscouldbeamajormarketingtoolfortourism-related
organizationsinAtlanta.Thisisauniqueideathathasyettobefullydevelopedand
presentedtothepublic.Thegoalistoeventuallyhaveaninformative,readablemap
toguidetouriststohistorichotspotsnearpublictransitstopsinthecitylimitsof
Atlanta.
ThegeographicareaofinterestinconfinedtoonlythecitylimitsofAtlanta.
SomeoneonalayoverinAtlantalikelydoesnothavethetimeorinterestto
meanderuptoNorthSpringsorouttoDecatur.AtlantaCityLandmarkswithin¼
milefromstopsaredisplayedonalargemap.Othermapswillshowthingstobetter
understandtheareas,suchaspopulationdensityandlanduse.Theseinsetmaps
willportrayhowthesehistoricresourcesrelatetotheirsurroundingsandhelp
travellersdeterminewhatkindsofareasthey’remostinterestedinvisiting.
Theexpectedoutcomeistoprovideausefulguideforthoseinterestedin
heritagetourismthatdonotwishtotravelbycarinAtlanta.Thereareplentyof
historicwalkingtoursalreadyestablishedinthecityofAtlanta,butthisisaunique
ideathathasyettobecompleted.
Methodology
Thisprojectwaschosenforalitanyofreasons.Atlantaisnotoriouslypoorat
preservingitshistoricbuiltenvironment,andthisisawaytoconciselyportraywhat
wehaveleft.Itcouldalsobedevelopedintoagreatmarketingtoolfortourism
and/orhistoricpreservationefforts.Atlantaisknownasacitythathashistorically
beenalmostentirelycenteredaroundautomobiletraffic.Thisprojectattemptsto
circumventthisandgivereasonablealternativesforexploringourculturaland
physicalheritage.
DataSources
• AmericanFactFinder[http://factfinder.census.gov]:2015Population
Estimates.[Thisdatasetismerelyatablethatwasjoinedwiththe2015
CensusTractsdatasetbelow.]
• AtlantaDepartmentofPlanningandCommunityDevelopmentGIS
[http://gis.atlantaga.gov]:AtlantaCityLimits,HistoricDistricts,Landmark
BuildingSite,Parks.[ThesedatasetswereoriginallyinGCSWGS1984.]
• AtlantaRegionalCommissionOpenGIS
[http://opendata.atlantaregional.com]:Parcels,TransitRailStations,Transit
Stops2015.[ThesedatasetswereoriginallyinNAD83GeorgiaWestFt
US.]
• FultonCountyGIS[http://www.fultoncountyga.gov/fcgis-home]:Street
CenterlinesforFultonCounty,Georgia.[ThisdatasetwasoriginallyinNAD
1983StatePlaneGeorgiaWestFIPS1002Feet.]
• U.S.CensusBureauTIGER/LineShapefiles
[https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/tiger-line.html]:2015Census
Tracts.[ThisdatasetwasoriginallyinGCSNorthAmerican1983.]
AnalyticalProcedures
Thefollowingstepswereperformedtoachievetheresultsofthisproject:
Layout1[MARTA-centriclayout]:
• Datawasacquiredviachannelsintheprecedingsection
• DatathatwasnotalreadyinNAD1983StatePlaneGeorgiaWestFIPS1002
Feetwereconvertedtothatprojection.Someofthedatawereoriginallyin
GCSprojection.Forthepurposesofthisproject,StatePlaneprojectionwill
portraymoreaccurateresultsthanGCS,aswearefocusingexclusivelyonthe
CityofAtlanta.
• Thefollowingdatasetswereusedinthislayout:AtlantaCityLimits,Historic
Districts,LandmarkBuildingSites[fromAtlantaDepartmentofPlanningand
CommunityDevelopmentGIS],TransitRailStationsandTransitStops2015
[fromAtlantaRegionalCommissionOpenGIS].
• TheTransitRailStations[MARTA]layerwasclippedtofallinsidetheAtlanta
CityLimitslayer.
• TheTransitStops2015layeroriginallyincludedallbusstops.TheSelectby
AttributefunctionwasusedtoselectonlyAtlantaStreetcarstops,andthenI
createdanewlayerwithonlytheseAtlantaStreetcarstops[whiledeleting
thepreviousTransitStops2015layer].
• TheLandmarkBuildingSitelayerwasoriginallypolygons,andthesewere
changedtopointsusingtheFeaturetoPointToolintheArcToolbox.
• TheSelectbyLocationfunctionwasusedtoselectonlythoseAtlanta
Landmarkswhicharelocatedwithin¼mileofMARTAstationsorAtlanta
Streetcarstops.Anewlayerwascreatedwiththeseresultsandtheprevious
layerwasdeleted.
• A¼milebufferaroundMARTAstationswascreatedusingtheBuffertool.
• Thelabelfeatureswereturnedonforthefollowinglayers:HistoricDistricts,
MARTAStationsandAtlantaCityLandmarks.
• Toavoidclutter,theAtlantaCityLandmarkslabelswereconvertedto
numbersfrom1to30,andanaccompanyingtablewascreatedusing
information(BuildingNameandAddress)fromtheattributetable.
Layout2[AtlantaStreetcar-centriclayout]:
• Thefollowingdatasetswereusedinthislayout:AtlantaCityLimits,Historic
Districts,LandmarkBuildingSites[fromAtlantaDepartmentofPlanningand
CommunityDevelopmentGIS],TransitStops2015(editedversionfrom
Layout1)[fromAtlantaRegionalCommissionOpenGIS]andStreet
Centerlines[fromFultonCountyGIS].
• Thelabelfeatureswereturnedonforthefollowinglayers:HistoricDistricts,
LandmarkBuildingSites,TransitStops2015andStreetCenterlines.
• TheStreetCenterlineslabelswereconvertedtoannotationandmanyofthe
labels(oflessimportantstreets)weredeletedtopreventclutter.
• ThetransparencyfortheStreetCenterlineslayerwasturnedupto75%to
makethelayerlessprominent(mostlyusedforreference).
• TheSelectbyLocationfunctionwasusedtoselectonlythoseAtlanta
Landmarkswhicharelocatedwithin¼ofAtlantaStreetcarstops(Transit
Stops2015layer).Anewlayerwascreatedwiththeseresultsandthe
previouslayerwasdeleted.
Layout3[LandUse]:
• AllofthelayersfromLayout1(exceptfortheBufferlayer)werecopiedto
thislayout.
• Additionally,theParcelsdataset[fromAtlantaRegionalCommissionOpen
GIS]wasadded.
• TheSelectbyAttributefunctionwasused(inconsultationwiththeLandUse
CodessheetsuppliedbyFultonCountyGIS)toselectlanduses(suchas
Universities,Hospitals,Restaurants,Residential,etc.)andthencreatelayers
witheachofthem.Similarlanduses(suchasResidential1Familyand
Residential2Family)weregroupedtogetherasasinglelayer.
Layout4[PopulationDensity]:
• AllofthelayersfromLayout1(exceptfortheBufferandHistoricDistrict
layers)werecopiedtothislayout.
• Inaddition,the2015PopulationEstimates[fromAmericanFactFinder]and
2015CensusTracts[U.S.CensusBureauTIGER/LineShapefiles]datasets
wereadded.ThesetwolayerswerethenjoinedtogetherviatheJoin
function.
• OnlytheMARTAstationslayerhadthelabelfeaturesturnedon.
• Twonewfieldswerecreatedinthe2015CensusTractslayer:Areaand
PopulationDensity.AreawascalculatedusingtheCalculateGeometry
functionintheAttributeTable.Next,PopulationDensitywascalculated
usingtheFieldCalculator[Population/Area].
• PopulationDensitywasthenportrayedusingNaturalBreaks(Jenks)
classification.
Results(maps,tables,etc.)
Layout1
*Pleaseseetablebelowformoreinformationonlandmarks.
Table1[Landmarks]:
Number Name Address1 FlatironBuilding 84PeachtreeStreet,NW2 WindsorHouseApartments 979CrescentAvenue,NW3 FeebeckHall 96ArmstrongStreet,NE4 GeorgiaHall 36ButlerStreet,NE5 HirschHall 55CocaColaPlace,NE6 SteinerClinic 62ButlerStreet,NE7 CentralPresbyterianChurch 201WashingtonStreet,SW8 CommercialRow 990PeachtreeStreet,NE9 ChurchoftheSacredHeartofJesus 325PeachtreeCenterAvenue,NE10 PalmerHouseApartments 952PeachtreeStreet,NW11 TheCastle 8715thStreet,NW12 AcademyofMedicine 875WestPeachtreeStreet,NW13 RufusM.RoseHouse 537PeachtreeStreet,NW14 ImperialHotel 355PeachtreeStreet,NE15 GeorgianTerraceHotel 659PeachtreeStreet,NE16 CarnegieBuilding 141CarnegieWay,NW17 FirstCongregationalChurch 115CourtlandStreet,NE18 Rhodes-HavertyBuilding 134PeachtreeStreet,NW19 CandlerBuilding 127PeachtreeStreet,NE20 Haas-HowellBuilding 75PoplarStreet,NW21 HerndonHome 587UniversityPlace,SW22 C&SNationalBankBuilding 35BroadStreet,NW23 TenParkPlaceBuilding 10ParkPlace,NE24 DixieCoca-ColaBottlingCo.Plant 125EdgewoodAvenue,NE25 OlympiaBuilding 23PeachtreeStreet,NE26 HurtBuilding 45EdgewoodAvenue,NE27 PoncedeLeonApartments 75PoncedeLeonAvenue,NE28 FoxTheater 660PeachtreeStreet,NW29 HealeyBuilding 57ForsythStreet,NW30 W.W.OrrDoctorsBuilding 478PeachtreeStreet,NW
Layout2
Layout3
Layout4
DiscussionandConclusions
Onecaneasilydiscernseveralthingsfromtheprecedingmaplayouts.Ofall
AtlantaCityLandmarkswithin¼mileofMARTAstationsandAtlantaStreetcar
stops,almostalllaybetweentheFivePointsMARTAstationandArtsCenterMARTA
stationontheRed/Gold(north/south)Line.Perhapsthisshouldbeevident,asthis
istheareaoftheoriginalperiodofdevelopmentforthecityofAtlanta.Thisisalso
theareathathousesthattraditional“downtown”ofthecity.
Fromexaminingtheothermaps,onecanseethatthepopulationdensityis
greatestneartheMidtownandNorthAvenueMARTAstations.Comparingthiswith
thelandusemap,onecantellwhythisisthecase.SouthoftheMidtownandNorth
AvenueMARTAstationsconsistsoflargelycommercial,hotel,restaurantand
institutionallanduses.Whilethisareaisverydense,itisnotverydensely
populated.
LimitationsandNextSteps
Whilethesemaplayoutsdoportraymuchinformation,thereismuchmoreto
begleanedfromphysicallyobservingtheselandmarksandtheirsurroundingsinthe
realworld.Observingeachofthelandmarkswasnotafeasiblestepforthisproject.
Nextstepswouldincludeactuallyobservingthelandmarksandneighborhoodsto
determinewalkabilitybasedonthepresenceandconditionofsidewalks,crosswalks
andvisibilityofthelandmarksfromthestreetlevel.Withthisinformation,this
projectcouldthenbedevelopedintosomethingmoremarketablefortourism
purposes.
References
• AtlantaDepartmentofPlanningandCommunityDevelopmentGIS[http://gis.atlantaga.gov/].
• AtlantaRegionalCommissionOpenGIS
[http://opendata.atlantaregional.com/].
• FultonCountyGIS[http://www.fultoncountyga.gov/fcgis-home].
• GeorgiaDepartmentofNaturalResources,HistoricPreservationDivision,HeritageTourismHandbook[http://www.georgiashpo.org/sites/uploads/hpd/pdf/Heritage_Tourism_Handbook_revised.pdf].
• GettingtoKnowArcGIS,4theditionbyMichaelLaw.
• NationalTrustforHistoricPreservation,PreservationGlossary
[https://savingplaces.org/stories/preservation-glossary-todays-word-heritage-tourism#.WEXb1qIrKRs].
• U.S.CensusBureau,AmericanFactFinder[http://factfinder.census.gov/].
• U.S.CensusBureau,TIGER/LineShapefiles
[https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/tiger-line.html].